Training the removal of negative information from working memory: A preliminary investigation of a working memory bias modification task

REFERENCES

• Baddeley, A. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 417–423. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1999). Fearfulness and affective evaluations of pictures. Motivation and Emotion, 23(1), 1–13. doi:10.1023/A:1021375216854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 225–236. doi:10.1037//0021-843X.111.2.225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehring, T., & Wahl, K. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking across emotional disorders. International Journal of Psychology, 43, 751–751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1, 192–205. doi:10.1521/ijct.2008.1.3.192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehring, T., Zetsche, U., Weidacker, K., Wahl, K., Schönfeld, S., & Ehlers, A. (2011). The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 225–232. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, P. O., Le Bastard, G., Pochon, J. B., Levy, R., Allilaire, J. F., Dubois, B., & Fossati, P. (2004). Executive functions and updating of the contents of working memory in unipolar depression. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 38, 567–576. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joormann, J. (2010). Cognitive inhibition and emotion regulation in depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 161–166. doi:10.1177/0963721410370293
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008). Updating the contents of working memory in depression: Interference from irrelevant negative material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 182–192. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., Tuholski, S. W., Wilhelm, O., Payne, T. W., & Engle, R. W. (2004). The generality of working memory capacity: A latent-variable approach to verbal and visuospatial memory span and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 133, 189–217. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koster, E. H. W., De Lissnyder, E., Derakshan, N., & De Raedt, R. (2011). Understanding depressive rumination from a cognitive science perspective: The impaired disengagement hypothesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(1), 138–145. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koster, E. H. W., Fox, E., & MacLeod, C. (2009). Introduction to the special section on cognitive bias modification in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(1), 1–4. doi:10.1037/a0014379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraemer, H. C., Stice, E., Kazdin, A., Offord, D., & Kupfer, D. (2001). How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 848–856. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathôt, S., Schreij, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). OpenSesame: An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 44, 314–324. doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melby-Lervåg, M., & Hulme, C. (2013). Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 49, 270–291. doi:10.1037/a0028228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81–97. doi:10.1037/h0043158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2004). The response styles theory. In C. Papageorgiou & A. Wells (Eds.), Depressive rumination: Nature, theory and treatment (pp. 107–123). Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onraedt, T., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014). Training working memory to reduce rumination. PLoS One, 9(3), 1–12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090632.t006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson, J., Welsh, K. M., Jonides, J., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. (2007). Cognitive fatigue of executive processes: Interaction between interference resolution tasks. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1571–1579. [doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., … Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59 (Suppl.), 22–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tolan, G. A., & Tehan, G. (1999). Determinants of short-term forgetting: Decay, retroactive interference, or proactive interference? International Journal of Psychology, 34, 285–292. doi:10.1080/002075999399585
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmer, A. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2013). An attentional scope model of rumination. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 1036–1061. doi:10.1037/a0030923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar