10,650
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Reconsidering the roles of gratitude and indebtedness in social exchange

, &
Pages 760-772 | Received 12 Apr 2017, Accepted 04 Jul 2017, Published online: 18 Jul 2017

References

  • Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267–299. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60108-2
  • Algoe, S. B., Fredrickson, B. L., & Gable, S. L. (2013). The social functions of the emotion of gratitude via expression. Emotion, 13, 605–609. doi: 10.1037/a0032701
  • Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 596–612. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596
  • Bartlett, M. Y., Condon, P., Cruz, J., Baumann, J., & DeSteno, D. (2012). Gratitude: Prompting behaviours that build relationships. Cognition & Emotion, 26, 2–13. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2011.561297
  • Bartlett, L., & DeSteno, D. (2006). Gratitude and prosocial behavior: Helping when it costs you. Psychological Science, 17, 319–325. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01705.x
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Broll, L., Gross, A. E., & Piliavin, I. (1974). Effects of offered and requested help on help seeking and reactions to being helped. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 4, 244–258. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02644.x
  • Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 3–5. doi: 10.1177/1745691610393980
  • Burgess, R. L., & Huston, T. L. (1979). Social exchange in developing relationships. New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Clark, M. S., & Mills, J. (1979). Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 12–24. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.12
  • Clark, M. S., & Mills, J. (1993). The difference between communal and exchange relationships: What it is and is not. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 684–691. doi: 10.1177/0146167293196003
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31, 874–900. doi: 10.1177/0149206305279602
  • DeSteno, D., Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Rucker, D. D. (2000). Beyond valence in the perception of likelihood: The role of emotion specificity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 397–416. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.397
  • Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2, 335–362. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.02.080176.002003
  • Fisher, J. D., Nadler, A., & Whitcher-Alagna, S. (1982). Recipient reactions to aid. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 27–54. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.91.1.27
  • Fiske, A. P. (1992). The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations. Psychological Review, 99, 689–723. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.99.4.689
  • Foa, E. B., & Foa, U. G. (1980). Resource theory. In K. S. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: Advances in theory and research (pp. 77–94). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Foa, E. B., & Foa, U. G. (2012). Resource theory of social exchange. In K. Törnblom, A. Kazemi, K. Törnblom, & A. Kazemi (Eds.), Handbook of social resource theory: Theoretical extensions, empirical insights, and social applications. (pp. 15–32). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Gratitude, like other positive emotions, broadens and builds. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 145–166). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Gleason, E. J., Lida, M., Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2008). Receiving support as a mixed blessing: Evidence for dual effects of support on psychological outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 824–838. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.824
  • Goei, R., & Boster, F. J. (2005). The roles of obligation and gratitude in explaining the effect of favors on compliance. Communication Monographs, 72, 284–300. doi: 10.1080/03637750500206524
  • Gordon, A. M., Impett, E. A., Kogan, A., Oveis, C., & Keltner, D. (2012). To have and to hold: Gratitude promotes relationship maintenance in intimate bonds. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 257–274. doi: 10.1037/a0028723
  • Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161–178. doi: 10.2307/2092623
  • Grant, A. M., & Gino, F. (2010). A little thanks goes a long way: Explaining why gratitude expressions motivate prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 946–955. doi: 10.1037/a0017935
  • Greenberg, M. S. (1980). A theory of indebtedness. In K. S. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: Advances in theory and research (pp. 3–26). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Greenberg, M. S., & Saxe, L. (1975). Importance of locus of help initiation and type of outcome as determinants of reactions to another’s help attempt. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 3, 101–110. doi: 10.2224/sbp.1975.3.2.101
  • Greenberg, M. S., & Shapiro, S. P. (1971). Indebtedness: An adverse aspect of asking for and receiving help. Sociometry, 34, 290–301. doi: 10.2307/2786418
  • Greenberg, M. S., & Westcott, D. R. (1983). Indebtedness as a mediator of reactions to aid. In J. D. Fisher, A. Nadler, & B. M. DePaulo (Eds.), New directions in helping: Vol. 1. Recipient reactions to aid (pp. 81–112). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Izard, C. E., & Ackerman, B. P. (2000). Motivational, organizational, and regulatory functions of discrete emotions. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 253–264). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Jia, L., Lee, L. N., & Tong, E. M. W. (2015). Gratitude facilitates behavioral mimicry. Emotion, 15, 134–138. doi: 10.1037/emo0000022
  • Jia, L., Tong, E. M., & Lee, L. N. (2014). Psychological “gel” to bind individuals’ goal pursuit: Gratitude facilitates goal contagion. Emotion, 14, 748–760. doi: 10.1037/a0036407
  • Kashdan, T. B., Mishra, A., Breen, W. E., & Froh, J. J. (2009). Gender differences in gratitude: Examining appraisals, narratives, the willingness to express emotions, and changes in psychological needs. Journal of Personality, 77, 691–730. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00562.x
  • Kubacka, K. E., Finkenauer, C., Rusbult, C. E., & Keijsers, L. (2011). Maintaining close relationships: Gratitude as a motivator and a detector of maintenance behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1362–1375. doi: 10.1177/0146167211412196
  • Lambert, N. M., Clark, M. S., Durtschi, J., Fincham, F. D., & Graham, S. M. (2010). Benefits of expressing gratitude: Expressing gratitude to a partner changes one’s view of the relationship. Psychological Science, 21, 574–580. doi: 10.1177/0956797610364003
  • Lambert, N. M., Graham, S. M., & Fincham, F. D. (2009). A prototype analysis of gratitude: Varieties of gratitude experiences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1193–1207. doi: 10.1177/0146167209338071
  • Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. (2000). Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice. Cognition & Emotion, 14, 473–493. doi: 10.1080/026999300402763
  • Ma, L. K., Tunney, R. J., & Ferguson, E. (2017). Does gratitude enhance prosociality?: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 601–635. doi: 10.1037/bul0000103
  • McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249–266. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.249
  • McCullough, M. E., Kimeldorf, M. B., & Cohen, A. D. (2008). An adaptation for altruism? The social causes, social effects, and social evolution of gratitude. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 281–285. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00590.x
  • Molm, L. D. (2010). The structure of reciprocity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73, 119–131. doi: 10.1177/0190272510369079
  • Molm, L. D., Collett, J. L., & Schaefer, D. R. (2007). Building solidarity through generalized exchange: A theory of reciprocity. American Journal of Sociology, 113, 205–242. doi: 10.1086/517900
  • Molm, L. D., Takahashi, N., & Peterson, G. (2000). Risk and trust in social exchange: An experimental test of a classical proposition. American Journal of Sociology, 105, 1396–1427. doi: 10.1086/210434
  • Molm, L. D., Whitham, M. M., & Melamed, D. (2012). Forms of exchange and integrative bonds: Effects of history and embeddedness. American Sociological Review, 77, 141–165. doi: 10.1177/0003122411434610
  • Moors, A. (2014). Flavors of appraisal theories of emotion. Emotion Review, 6, 303–307. doi: 10.1177/1754073914534477
  • Nowak, M. A., & Roch, S. (2007). Upstream reciprocity and the evolution of gratitude. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, 605–610. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0125
  • Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2014). Inside the Turk: Understanding Mechanical Turk as a participant pool. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 184–188. doi: 10.1177/0963721414531598
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  • Roseman, I. J., Wiest, C., & Swartz, T. S. (1994). Phenomenology, behaviors, and goal differentiate discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 206–221. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.206
  • Tesser, A., Gatewood, R., & Driver, M. (1968). Some determinants of gratitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 233–236. doi: 10.1037/h0025905
  • Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35–57. doi: 10.1086/406755
  • Tsang, J. A. (2006a). The effects of helper intention on gratitude and indebtedness. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 198–204. doi: 10.1007/s11031-006-9031-z
  • Tsang, J. A. (2006b). BRIEF REPORT gratitude and prosocial behaviour: An experimental test of gratitude. Cognition & Emotion, 20, 138–148. doi: 10.1080/02699930500172341
  • Tsang, J. A. (2007). Gratitude for small and large favors: A behavioral test. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 157–167. doi: 10.1080/17439760701229019
  • Walster, E., Berscheid, E., & Walster, G. W. (1973). New directions in equity research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 151–176. doi: 10.1037/h0033967
  • Watkins, P., Scheer, J., Ovnicek, M., & Kolts, R. (2006). The debt of gratitude: Dissociating gratitude and indebtedness. Cognition & Emotion, 20, 217–241. doi: 10.1080/02699930500172291
  • Zeelenberg, M., Nelissen, R. M. A., Breugelmans, S. M., & Pieters, R. (2008). On emotion specificity in decision making: Why feeling is for doing. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 18–27.