Perceiving mixed valence emotions reduces intergroup dehumanisation

References

• Albarello, F., & Rubini, M. (2012). Reducing dehumanisation outcomes towards Blacks: The role of multiple categorisation and of human identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 875–882. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.1902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Tal, D. (1990). Causes and consequences of delegitimization: Models of conflict and ethnocentrism. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 65–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00272.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogardus, E. S. (1933). A social distance scale. Sociology and Social Research, 17, 265–271.
   Google Scholar
• Castano, E., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2006). Not quite human: Infrahumanization in response to collective responsibility for intergroup killing.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 804–818. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chisango, T. (2012). Investigating the role of denial of cognition, capacity for morality and perception of child-likeness in infrahumanization. Journal of Social Sciences, 30, 71–81. doi: 10.1080/09718923.2012.11892984
   Google Scholar
• Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. (2007). Multiple social categorization. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 163–254. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(06)39004-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crisp, R. J., & Turner, R. N. (2011). Cognitive adaptation to the experience of social and cultural diversity. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 242–266. doi: 10.1037/a0021840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuddy, A. J., Rock, M. S., & Norton, M. I. (2007). Aid in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: Inferences of secondary emotions and intergroup helping. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 10, 107–118. doi: 10.1177/1368430207071344
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demoulin, S., Leyens, J. P., Paladino, M. P., Rodriguez-Torres, R., Rodriguez-Perez, A., & Dovidio, J. F. (2004). Dimensions of “uniquely” and “non-uniquely” human emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 71–96. doi: 10.1080/02699930244000444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Čehajić, S., Brown, R., & González, R. (2009). What do I care? Perceived ingroup responsibility and dehumanization as predictors of empathy felt for the victim group. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 12, 715–729. doi: 10.1177/1368430209347727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ersner-Hershfield, H., Mikels, J. A., Sullivan, S. J., & Carstensen, L. L. (2008). Poignancy: Mixed emotional experience in the face of meaningful endings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 158–167. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.1.158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontaine, J. R. J., Scherer, K. R., Roesch, E. B., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2007). The world of emotions is not two-dimensional. Psychological Science, 18, 1050–1057. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02024.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh, J. X., Hall, J. A., & Rosenthal, R. (2016). Mini meta-analysis of your own studies: Some arguments on why and a primer on how. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(10), 535–549. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greitemeyer, T., & McLatchie, N. (2011). Denying humanness to others a newly discovered mechanism by which violent video games increase aggressive behavior. Psychological Science, 20, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Haslam, N., & Bain, P. (2007). Humanizing the self: Moderators of the attribution of lesser humanness to others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 57–68. doi: 10.1177/0146167206293191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslam, N., & Loughnan, S. (2014). Dehumanization and infrahumanization. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 399–423. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslam, N. (2006). Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 252–264. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hershfield, H. E., Scheibe, S., Sims, T. L., & Carstensen, L. L. (2013). When feeling bad can be good mixed emotions benefit physical health across adulthood. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4, 54–61. doi: 10.1177/1948550612444616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelman, H. C. (1973). Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 25–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1973.tb00102.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, J. T., & McGraw, A. P. (2014). The case for mixed emotions. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8, 263–274. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12108
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, J. T., To, Y. M., & Fireman, G. (2007). Children’s understanding and experience of mixed emotions. Psychological Science, 18, 186–191. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01870.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leyens, J. P., Paladino, M. P., Rodriguez-Torres, R, Vaes, J., Demoulin, S., Rodriguez-Perez, A, & Gaunt, R. (2000). The emotional side of prejudice: The attribution of secondary emotions to ingroups and outgroups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 186–197. doi: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leyens, J. P., Rodriguez-Perez, A., Rodriguez-Torres, R., Gaunt, R., Paladino, M. P., Vaes, J., & Demoulin, S. (2001). Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 395–411. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linville, P. W. (1982). Affective consequences of complexity regarding the self and others. In M. S. Clark & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), Affect and cognition: The seventeenth annual Carnegie symposium on cognition (pp. 79–109). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Loughnan, S., Haslam, N., & Kashima, Y. (2009). Understanding the relationship between attribute-based and metaphor-based dehumanization. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 12, 747–762. doi: 10.1177/1368430209347726
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loughnan, S., & Haslam, N. (2007). Animals and androids implicit associations between social categories and nonhumans. Psychological Science, 18, 116–121. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01858.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, E., & Crisp, R. J. (2014). A meta-analytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17, 3–26. doi: 10.1177/1368430213510573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opotow, S. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 1–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00268.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prati, F., Crisp, J. R., Meleady, R., & Rubini, M. (2016). Humanizing outgroups through multiple categorization: The roles of individuation and threat. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42, 526–539. doi: 10.1177/0146167216636624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prati, F., Crisp, R. J., Pratto, F., & Rubini, M. (2016). Encouraging majority support for immigrant access to health services: Multiple categorization and social identity complexity as antecedents of health equality. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 19, 426–438. doi: 10.1177/1368430216629814
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prati, F., Crisp, J. R., & Rubini, M. (2015). Counter-stereotypes reduce emotional intergroup bias by eliciting surprise in the face of unexpected category combinations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 61, 31–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2015.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prati, F., Menegatti, M., & Rubini, M. (2015). The beneficial role of multiple categorization and intergroup contact in reducing linguistic outgroup derogation. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 34, 475–500. doi: 10.1177/0261927X14567777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prati, F., Vasiljevic, M., Crisp, J. R., & Rubini, M. (2015). Some extended psychological benefits of challenging social stereotypes: Decreased dehumanization and a reduced reliance on heuristic thinking. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 18, 801–816. doi: 10.1177/1368430214567762
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and re-sampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roccas, S., & Brewer, M. B. (2002). Social identity complexity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 88–106. doi: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romney, A. K., Moore, C. C., & Rusch, C. D. (1997). Cultural universals: Measuring the semantic structure of emotion terms in English and Japanese. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94, 5489–5494. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O’Connor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1061–1086. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22, 1359–1366. doi: 10.1177/0956797611417632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2017). False-positive citations. Perspectives on Psychological Science. In press. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2916240
   Google Scholar
• Staub, E. (1989). The roots of evil: Psychological and cultural origins of genocide and other group violence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vaes, J., Leyens, J. P., Paladino, M. P., & Miranda, M. P. (2012). We are human, they are not: Driving forces behind outgroup dehumanisation and the humanisation of the ingroup. European Review of Social Psychology, 23, 64–106. doi: 10.1080/10463283.2012.665250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viki, G. T., Winchester, L., Titshall, L., Chisango, T., Pina, A., & Russell, R. (2006). Beyond secondary emotions: The infrahumanization of outgroups using human-related and animal-related words. Social Cognition, 24, 753–775. doi: 10.1521/soco.2006.24.6.753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, D. B. (2005). Meta-analysis macros for SAS, SPSS, and Stata. Retrieved November 6, 2015 from http://mason.gmu.edu/~dwilsonb/ma.html
   Google Scholar
• Wohl, M. J., Hornsey, M. J., & Bennet, S. H. (2012). Why group apologies succeed and fail: Intergroup forgiveness and the role of primary and secondary emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 306–322. doi: 10.1037/a0024838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997). The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 73–90. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar