References
- Amin, N., Foa, E. B., & Coles, M. E. (1998). Negative interpretation bias in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(10), 945–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00060-6
- Anderson, A. K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134(2), 258–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.134.2.258
- Bachmann, T., & Hommuk, K. (2005). How backward masking becomes attentional blink: Perception of successive in-stream targets. Psychological Science, 16(9), 740–742. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01604.x
- Becker, D. V., Anderson, U. S., Mortensen, C. R., Neufeld, S. L., & Neel, R. (2011). The face in the crowd effect unconfounded: Happy faces, not angry faces, are more efficiently detected in single-and multiple-target visual search tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140(4), 637. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024060
- Becker, D. V., Neel, R., Srinivasan, N., Neufeld, S., Kumar, D., & Fouse, S. (2012). The vividness of happiness in dynamic facial displays of emotion. PLoS One, 7(1), e26551. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026551
- Becker, D. V., & Srinivasan, N. (2014). The vividness of the happy face. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(3), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414533702
- Brainard, D. H. (1997). The psychophysics toolbox. Spatial Vision, 10(4), 433–436. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856897X00357. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9176952
- Broadbent, D. E., & Broadbent, M. H. P. (1987). From detection to identification: Response to multiple targets in rapid serial visual presentation. Perception & Psychophysics, 42(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03210498
- Calvo, M. G., & Lundqvist, D. (2008). Facial expressions of emotion (KDEF): Identification under different display-duration conditions. Behavior Research Methods, 40(1), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.1.109
- Calvo, M. G., & Nummenmaa, L. (2009). Eye-movement assessment of the time course in facial expression recognition: Neurophysiological implications. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 9(4), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.9.4.398
- Chun, M. M. (1997). Types and tokens in visual processing: A double dissociation between the attentional blink and repetition blindness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23(3), 738. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.23.3.738
- Chun, M. M., & Potter, M. C. (1995). A two-stage model for multiple target detection in rapid serial visual presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.21.1.109
- Dale, G., & Arnell, K. M. (2015). Multiple measures of dispositional global/local bias predict attentional blink magnitude. Psychological Research, 79(4), 534–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-014-0591-3
- de Jong, P. J., Koster, E. H. W., van Wees, R., & Martens, S. (2009). Emotional facial expressions and the attentional blink: Attenuated blink for angry and happy faces irrespective of social anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 23(8), 1640–1652. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802490227
- de Jong, P. J., Koster, E. H. W., van Wees, R., & Martens, S. (2010). Angry facial expressions hamper subsequent target identification. Emotion, 10(5), 727. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019353
- de Jong, P. J., & Martens, S. (2007). Detection of emotional expressions in rapidly changing facial displays in high-and low-socially anxious women. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(6), 1285–1294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.10.003
- DeYoe, E. A., & Van Essen, D. C. (1988). Concurrent processing streams in monkey visual cortex. Trends in Neurosciences, 11(5), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(88)90130-0
- Duncan, J., Martens, S., & Ward, R. (1997). Restricted attentional capacity within but not between sensory modalities. Nature, 387, 808–810. https://doi.org/10.1038/42947
- Duncan, J., Ward, R., & Shapiro, K. (1994). Direct measurement of attentional dwell time in human vision. Nature, 369(6478), 313–315.
- Fox, E., Russo, R., & Georgiou, G. A. (2005). Anxiety modulates the degree of attentive resources required to process emotional faces. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 5(4), 396–404. https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.5.4.396
- Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition & Emotion, 19(3), 313–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000238
- Ihssen, N., & Keil, A. (2009). The costs and benefits of processing emotional stimuli during rapid serial visual presentation. Cognition and Emotion, 23(2), 296–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930801987504
- Itti, L., & Koch, C. (2001). Computational modelling of visual attention. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(3), 194. https://doi.org/10.1038/35058500
- Johnson, K. J., Waugh, C. E., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Smile to see the forest: Facially expressed positive emotions broaden cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 24(2), 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903384667
- Jolicoeur, P. (1998). Modulation of the attentional blink by on-line response selection: Evidence from speeded and unspeeded Task1 decisions. Memory & Cognition, 26(5), 1014–1032. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201180
- Juth, P., Lundqvist, D., Karlsson, A., & Öhman, A. (2005). Looking for foes and friends: Perceptual and emotional factors when finding a face in the crowd. Emotion, 5(4), 379. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.4.379
- Kanwisher, N. G. (1987). Repetition blindness: Type recognition without token individuation. Cognition, 27(2), 117–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(87)90016-3
- Keil, A., & Ihssen, N. (2004). Identification facilitation for emotionally arousing verbs during the attentional blink. Emotion, 4(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.4.1.23
- Kirita, T., & Endo, M. (1995). Happy face advantage in recognizing facial expressions. Acta Psychologica, 89(2), 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(94)00021-8
- Langner, O., Dotsch, R., Bijlstra, G., Wigboldus, D. H. J., Hawk, S. T., & van Knippenberg, A. (2010). Presentation and validation of the Radboud faces database. Cognition and Emotion, 24(8), 1377–1388. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903485076
- Leppänen, J. M., & Hietanen, J. K. (2004). Positive facial expressions are recognized faster than negative facial expressions, but why? Psychological Research, 69(1–2), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-003-0157-2
- Livingstone, M., & Hubel, D. (1988). Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: Anatomy, physiology, and perception. Science, 240(4853), 740–749. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3283936
- Mack, A., Pappas, Z., Silverman, M., & Gay, R. (2002). What we see: Inattention and the capture of attention by meaning. Consciousness and Cognition, 11(4), 488–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8100(02)00028-4
- Maratos, F. A. (2011). Temporal processing of emotional stimuli: The capture and release of attention by angry faces. Emotion, 11(5), 1242. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024279
- Maratos, F. A., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2008). Identification of angry faces in the attentional blink. Cognition and Emotion, 22(7), 1340–1352. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701774218
- Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2002). Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety. Cognition & Emotion, 16(3), 331–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000518
- McHugo, M., Olatunji, B. O., & Zald, D. H. (2013). The emotional attentional blink: What we know so far. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00151
- Mishra, M. V., Ray, S. B., & Srinivasan, N. (2017). Effect of emotions on temporal attention. Progress in Brain Research, 236, 287–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/BS.PBR.2017.08.014
- Mishra, M. V., Ray, S. B., & Srinivasan, N. (2018). Cross-cultural emotion recognition and evaluation of Radboud faces database with an Indian sample. PLoS One, 13(10), e0203959. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203959
- Miyazawa, S., & Iwasaki, S. (2010). Do happy faces capture attention? The happiness superiority effect in attentional blink. Emotion, 10(5), 712. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019348
- Nieuwenstein, M. R., & Potter, M. C. (2006). Temporal limits of selection and memory encoding: A comparison of whole versus partial report in rapid serial visual presentation. Psychological Science, 17(6), 471–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01730.x
- Olivers, C. N. L., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2006). The beneficial effects of additional task load, positive affect, and instruction on the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32(2), 364. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.364
- Pelli, D. G. (1997). The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision, 10(4), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856897X00366. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9176953
- Raymond, J. E., Shapiro, K. L., & Arnell, K. M. (1992). Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: An attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18(3), 849. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.18.3.849
- R Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
- Samuelsson, H., Jarnvik, K., Henningsson, H., Andersson, J., & Carlbring, P. (2012). The Umeå university database of facial expressions: A validation study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(5), e136. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2196
- Shapiro, K. L., Raymond, J. E., & Arnell, K. M. (1994). Attention to visual pattern information produces the attentional blink in rapid serial visual presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20(2), 357.
- Singh, A. (2018). Attention and perceptual appearance [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Allahabad.
- Snir, G., & Yeshurun, Y. (2017). Perceptual episodes, temporal attention, and the role of cognitive control: Lessons from the attentional blink. In Christina J. Howard (Ed.), Progress in brain research (Vol. 236, pp. 53–73). Elsevier.
- Srinivasan, N., & Gupta, R. (2011). Rapid communication: Global-local processing affects recognition of distractor emotional faces. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(3), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.552981
- Srinivasan, N., & Hanif, A. (2010). Global-happy and local-sad: Perceptual processing affects emotion identification. Cognition and Emotion, 24(6), 1062–1069. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903101103
- Srivastava, P., & Srinivasan, N. (2010). Time course of visual attention with emotional faces. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72(2), 369–377. https://doi.org/10.3758/APP.72.2.369
- Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A., Marcus, D. J., Westerlund, A., Casey, B. J., & Nelson, C. (2009). The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry Research, 168(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006
- Van Essen, D. C., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1983). Hierarchical organization and functional streams in the visual cortex. Trends in Neurosciences, 6, 370–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(83)90167-4
- Visser, T. A. W., Bischof, W., & Di Lollo, V. (1999). Attentional switching in spatial and nonspatial domains: Evidence from the attentional blink. Psychological Bulletin, 125(4), 458–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.4.458
- Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J., & Dolan, R. (2003). Reciprocal links between emotion and attention. In K. Friston, C. Frith, R. Dolan, C. Price, S. Zeki, J. Ashburner, & W. Penny (Eds.), Human brain function (2nd ed., pp. 419–444). Academic Press.
- Vul, E., Hanus, D., & Kanwisher, N. (2008). Delay of selective attention during the attentional blink. Vision Research, 48(18), 1902–1909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2008.06.009
- Wadlinger, H. A., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2006). Positive mood broadens visual attention to positive stimuli. Motivation and Emotion, 30(1), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9021-1