578
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Emotion in motion: perceiving fear in the behaviour of individuals from minimal motion capture displays

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 451-462 | Received 18 Jun 2023, Accepted 21 Dec 2023, Published online: 14 Feb 2024

References

  • Ahlström, V., Blake, R., & Ahlström, U. (1997). Perception of biological motion. Perception, 26(12), 1539–1548. https://doi.org/10.1068/p261539
  • Alaerts, K., Nackaerts, E., Meyns, P., Swinnen, S. P., & Wenderoth, N. (2011). Action and emotion recognition from point light displays: An investigation of gender differences. PLoS One, 6(6), e20989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020989
  • Ambadar, Z., Schooler, J. W., & Cohn, J. F. (2005). Deciphering the enigmatic face: The importance of facial dynamics in interpreting subtle facial expressions. Psychological Science, 16(5), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01548.x
  • Ambady, N., Conner, B., & Hallahan, M. (1999). Accuracy of judgments of sexual orientation from thin slices of behavior. 10.
  • Ambady, N., & Skowronski, J. J. (Eds.). (2008). First impressions. Guilford Publications.
  • Atkinson, A. P. (2013). Bodily expressions of emotion: Visual cues and neural mechanisms. In J. Armony & P. Vuilleumier (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of human affective neuroscience (pp. 198–222). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843716.012.
  • Atkinson, A. P., Dittrich, W. H., Gemmell, A. J., & Young, A. W. (2004). Emotion perception from dynamic and static body expressions in point-light and full-light displays. Perception, 33(6), 717–746. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5096
  • Atkinson, A. P., Tunstall, M. L., & Dittrich, W. H. (2007). Evidence for distinct contributions of form and motion information to the recognition of emotions from body gestures. Cognition, 104(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.05.005
  • Aviezer, H., Trope, Y., & Todorov, A. (2012). Holistic person processing: Faces with bodies tell the whole story. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027411
  • Barrett, L. F. (2011). Was Darwin wrong about emotional expressions? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(6), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429125
  • Barrett, L. F., Adolphs, R., Marsella, S., Martinez, A. M., & Pollak, S. D. (2019). Emotional expressions reconsidered: Challenges to inferring emotion from human facial movements. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 20(1), 1–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100619832930
  • Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., & Gendron, M. (2011). Context in emotion perception. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(5), 286–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411422522
  • Carrillo, M., Han, M., Migliorati, F., Liu, M., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2019). Emotional mirror neurons in the rat’s anterior cingulate cortex. Current Biology, 29(8), 1301–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.024
  • Chirico, A., Ferrise, F., Cordella, L., & Gaggioli, A. (2017). Designing awe in virtual reality: An experimental study. Frontiers in Psychology, (8). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02351
  • Cleworth, T. W., Horslen, B. C., & Carpenter, M. G. (2012). Influence of real and virtual heights on standing balance. Gait & Posture, 36(2), 172–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.02.010
  • Coelho, C. M., Waters, A. M., Hine, T. J., & Wallis, G. (2009). The use of virtual reality in acrophobia research and treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(5), 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.014
  • Coulson, M. (2004). Attributing emotion to static body postures: Recognition accuracy, confusions, and viewpoint dependence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28(2), 117–139. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JONB.0000023655.25550.be
  • Cutting, J. E., & Kozlowski, L. T. (1977). Recognizing friends by their walk: Gait perception without familiarity cues. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9(5), 353–356. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03337021
  • de Gelder, B. (2006). Towards the neurobiology of emotional body language. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1872
  • Debiec, J., & Olsson, A. (2017). Social fear learning: From animal models to human function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(7), 546–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.010
  • Dittrich, W. H., Troscianko, T., Lea, S. E. G., & Morgan, D. (1996). Perception of emotion from dynamic point-light displays represented in dance. Perception, 25(6), 727–738. https://doi.org/10.1068/p250727
  • Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., & Makhijani, M. G. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but … .: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. 20.
  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1967). Head and body cues in the judgment of emotion: A reformulation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 24(3, PT. 1), 711–724. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1967.24.3.711
  • El Basbasse, Y., Packheiser, J., Peterburs, J., Maymon, C., Gunturkun, O., Grimshaw, G., & Ocklenburg, S. (2023). Walk the plank! Using mobile EEG to investigate emotional lateralization of immersive fear in virtual reality. Royal Society Open Science.
  • Felnhofer, A., Kothgassnew, O. D., Schmidt, M., Heinzle, A.-K., Beutl, L., Hlavacs, H., & Kryspin-Exner, I. (2015). Is virtual reality emotionally arousing? Investigating five emotion inducing virtual park scenarios. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 82, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.05.004
  • Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (2007). Social cognition in humans. Current Biology, 17(16), R724–R732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.068
  • Gillath, O., Bahns, A. J., Ge, F., & Crandall, C. S. (2012). Shoes as a source of first impressions. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(4), 423–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.04.003
  • Gromer, D., Reinke, M., Christner, I., & Pauli, P. (2019). Causal interactive links between presence and fear in virtual reality height exposure. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00141
  • Halovic, S., & Kroos, C. (2018a). Not all is noticed: Kinematic cues of emotion-specific gait. Human Movement Science, 57, 478–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.11.008
  • Halovic, S., & Kroos, C. (2018b). Walking my way? Walker gender and display format confounds the perception of specific emotions. Human Movement Science, 57, 461–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.10.012
  • The jamovi project. (2019). jamovi. (Version 1.0) [Computer Software]. https://www.jamovi.org.
  • Kisker, J., Gruber, T., & Schöne, B. (2019). Behavioral realism and lifelike psychophysiological responses in virtual reality by the example of a height exposure. Psychological Research, 65, 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-019-01244-9
  • Kozlowski, L. T., & Cutting, J. E. (1977). Recognizing the sex of a walker from a dynamic point-light display. Perception & Psychophysics, 21(6), 575–580. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03198740
  • Li, S., Cui, L., Zhu, C., Li, B., Zhao, N., & Zhu, T. (2016). Emotion recognition using Kinect motion capture data of human gaits. PeerJ, 4, e2364. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2364
  • Martinez, L., Falvello, V. B., Aviezer, H., & Todorov, A. (2016). Contributions of facial expressions and body language to the rapid perception of dynamic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 30(5), 939–952. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1035229
  • Maymon, C. N., Crawford, M. T., Blackburne, K., Botes, A., Carnegie, K., Mehr, S. A., Meier, J., Murphy, J., Miles, N. L., Robinson, K., Tooley, M., & Grimshaw, G. M. (2023). The presence of fear: How subjective fear, not physiological changes, shapes the experience of presence. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Mauss, I. B., & Robinson, M. D. (2009). Measures of emotion: A review. Cognition & Emotion, 23(2), 209–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802204677
  • Mondloch, C. J., Nelson, N. L., & Horner, M. (2013). Asymmetries of influence: Differential effects of body postures on perceptions of emotional facial expressions. PLoS One, 8(9), e73605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073605
  • Montepare, J. M., Goldstein, S. B., & Clausen, A. (1987). The identification of emotions from gait information. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 11(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999605
  • Nelson, N. L., & Mondloch, C. J. (2017). Adults’ and children’s perception of facial expressions is influenced by body postures even for dynamic stimuli. Visual Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2017.1301615
  • Niedenthal, P. M., Barsalou, L. W., Winkielman, P., Krauth-Gruber, S., & Ric, F. (2005). Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9(3), 184–211. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_1
  • Nielsen, E. I., Cleworth, T. W., & Carpenter, M. G. (2022). Exploring emotional-modulation of visually evoked postural responses through virtual reality. Neuroscience Letters, 777, 136586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136586
  • Oh, D., Shafir, E., & Todorov, A. (2020). Economic status cues from clothes affect perceived competence from faces. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(3), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0782-4
  • Olivola, C. Y., & Todorov, A. (2010). Fooled by first impressions? Reexamining the diagnostic value of appearance-based inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(2), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.002
  • Olsson, A., & Phelps, E. A. (2007). Social learning of fear. Nature Neuroscience, 10(9), 1095–1102. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1968
  • Otta, E., Lira, B. B. P., Delevati, N. M., Cesar, O. P., & Pires, C. S. G. (1994). The effect of smiling and of head tilting on person perception. The Journal of Psychology, 128, 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1994.9712736
  • Sakaguchi, K., & Hasegawa, T. (2006). Person perception through gait information and target choice for sexual advances: Comparison of likely targets in experiments and real life. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 30(2), 63–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-006-0006-2
  • Schmitt, A., & Atzwanger, K. (1995). Walking fast-ranking high: A sociobiological perspective on pace. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16(5), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00070-4
  • Thoresen, J. C., Vuong, Q. C., & Atkinson, A. P. (2012). First impressions: Gait cues drive reliable trait judgements. Cognition, 124(3), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.05.018
  • Troje, N. F., Westhoff, C., & Lavrov, M. (2005). Person identification from biological motion: Effects of structural and kinematic cues. Perception & Psychophysics, 67(4), 667–675. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193523
  • van de Riet, W. A. C., & de Gelder, B. (2008). Watch the face and look at the body!: reciprocal interaction between the perception of facial and bodily expressions. Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 64(4), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03076417
  • Van den Stock, J., Righart, R., & de Gelder, B. (2007). Body expressions influence recognition of emotions in the face and voice. Emotion, 7(3), 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.487
  • Van Der Zant, T., & Nelson, N. L. (2021). Motion increases recognition of naturalistic postures but not facial expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 45(4), 587–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-021-00372-4
  • Van Der Zant, T., Reid, J., Mondloch, C. J., & Nelson, N. L. (2021). The influence of postural emotion cues on implicit trait judgements. Motivation & Emotion, 45(5), 641–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09889-z
  • Venture, G., Kadone, H., Zhang, T., Grèzes, J., Berthoz, A., & Hicheur, H. (2014). Recognizing emotions conveyed by human gait. International Journal of Social Robotics, 6(4), 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0243-1
  • Walk, R. D., & Homan, C. P. (1984). Emotion and dance in dynamic light displays. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22(5), 437–440. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03333870
  • Wang, L., Xia, L., & Zhang, D. (2017). Face-body integration of intense emotional expressions of victory and defeat. PLoS One, 12(2), e0171656. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171656
  • Yan, W.-J., Li, X., Wang, S.-J., Zhao, G., Liu, Y.-J., Chen, Y.-H., & Fu, X. (2014). CASME II: An improved spontaneous micro-expression database and the baseline evaluation. PLoS One, 9(1), e86041. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086041