134
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Depression versus anxiety: Processing of self- and other-referent information

&
Pages 207-223 | Received 30 Jan 1988, Published online: 07 Jan 2008

References

  • Alloy , L. B. and Abrarnson , L. Y. 1979 . Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser'? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 108 : 441 – 485 .
  • Alloy , L. B. and Abramson , L. Y. 1988 . “ Depressive realism: Four theoretical perspectives ” . In Cognitive processes in depression , Edited by: Alloy , L. B. New York : Guilford .
  • Alloy , L. B. , Albright , J. S. , Abramson , L. Y. and Dykman , B. M. “ Depressive realism and non depressive optimistic illusions: The role of the self ” . In Contemporary psychological approaches to depression: Treatment. research and theory , Edited by: Ingram , R. E. New York : Plenum . (In press a)
  • Alloy , L. B. , Albright , J. S. and Clements , C. M. 1987 . “ Depression. Non depression. and social comparison biases ” . In Social processes in clinical and counseling psychology , Edited by: Maddux , J. E. , Stoltenberg , C. D. and Rosenwein , R. New York : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Alloy , L. B. , Kelly , K. A. , Mineka , S. and Clements , C. M. “ Comorbidity in anxiety and depressive disorders: A helplessness/hopelessness perspective ” . In Comorbidity in anxiety and mood disorders , Edited by: Maser , J. D. and Cloninger , C. R. Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press. Inc. . (In press b)
  • Beck , A. T. 1967 . Depression: Clinical. experimental. and theoretical aspects , New York : Harper & Row .
  • Beck , A. T. 1976 . Cognitive theory and the emotional disorders , New York : International Universities Press .
  • Beck , A. T. , Brown , G. , Steer , R. A. , Eidelson , J. I. and Riskind , J. H. 1987 . Differentiating anxiety and depression: A test of the cognitive content‐specificity hypothesis . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 96 : 179 – 183 .
  • Beck , A. T. and Emery , G. 1985 . Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective , New York : Basic Books .
  • Beck , A. T. , Ward , C. H. , Mendelson , M. , Mock , J. and Erbaugh , J. 1961 . An inventory for measuring depression . Archives of General Psychiatry. , 4 : 561 – 571 .
  • Bower , G. H. 1981 . Mood and memory . American Psychologist. , 36 : 129 – 148 .
  • Bower , G. H. and Gilligan , S. G. 1979 . Remembering information related to one's self . Journal of Research in Personality. , 13 : 420 – 432 .
  • Bumberry , W. , Oliver , J. M. and McClure , J. N. 1978 . Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory in a university population using psychiatric estimates as the criterion . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 46 : 150 – 155 .
  • Clark , D. A. 1986 . Cognitive‐affective interaction: A test of the “specificity” and “generality” hypotheses . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 10 : 607 – 623 .
  • Derry , P. A. and Kuiper , N. A. 1981 . Schematic processing and self‐reference in clinical depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 90 : 286 – 297 .
  • Dobson , K. S. and Shaw , B. F. 1987 . Specificity and stability of self‐referent encoding in clinical depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 96 : 34 – 40 .
  • Festinger , L. 1954 . A theory of social comparison processes . Human Relations. , 7 : 117 – 140 .
  • Garber , J. , Miller , S. M. and Abramson , L. Y. 1980 . “ On the distinction between anxiety states and depression: Perceived control, certainty, and probability of goal attainment ” . In Human helplessess: Theory and applications , Edited by: Garber , J. and Seligman , M. E. P. New York : Academic Press .
  • Gersh , R. and Fowles , D. 1979 . “ Neurotic depression: The concept of anxious depression ” . In The psychobiology of depressive disorders: Implications for the effects of stress , Edited by: Depue , R. New York : Academic Press .
  • Glass , C. R. , Merluzzi , T. V. , Biever , J. L. and Larsen , K. H. 1982 . Cognitive assessment of social anxiety: Development and validation of a self‐statement questionnaire . Cognitive Therapy and Research. , 6 : 37 – 56 .
  • Gotlib , I. H. 1984 . Depression and general psychopathology in university students . Journal of Abnormal Psychology. , 90 : 521 – 530 .
  • Greenberg , M. S. and Beck , A. T. 1989 . Depression versus anxiety: A test of the content‐specificity hypothesis . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 98 : 9 – 13 .
  • Greenberg , M. S. , Vazquez , C. V. and Alloy , L. B. 1988 . “ Depression versus anxiety: Differences in self and other schemata ” . In Cognitive processes in depression , Edited by: Alloy , L. B. New York : Guilford .
  • Hollon , S. D. and Kendall , P. C. 1980 . Cognitive self‐statements in depression: Development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire . Cognitive Therapy and Research. , 4 : 383 – 395 .
  • Ingram , R. E. 1984 . Toward an information processing analysis of depression . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 8 : 443 – 478 .
  • Ingram , R. E. , Kendall , P. C. , Smith , T. W. , Donnell , C. and Ronan , K. 1987 . Cognitive specificity in emotional distress . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 : 734 – 742 .
  • Ingram , R. E. , Smith , T. W. and Brehm , S. S. 1983 . Depression and information processing: Self‐schemata and the encoding of self referent information . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. , 45 : 412 – 420 .
  • Kendall , P. C. , Hollon , S. D. , Beck , A. T. , Hammen , C. L. and Ingram , R. E. 1987 . Issues and recommendations regarding use of the Beck Depression Inventory . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 11 : 289 – 299 .
  • Kuiper , N. A. and Deny , P. 1982 . Depressed and non depressed content self reference in mild depressives . Journal of Personality , 50 : 67 – 79 .
  • Lewinsohn , P. M. , Mischel , W. , Chaplain , W. and Barton , R. 1980 . Social competence and depression: The role of illusory self‐perceptions? . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 89 : 203 – 212 .
  • Mathews , A. and MacLeod , C. 1985 . Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 23 : 563 – 569 .
  • Mathews , A. and MacLeod , C. 1986 . Discrimination of threat cues without awareness in anxiety states . Journal of Abnormal Psychology. , 95 : 131 – 138 .
  • Nadich , M. , Gargan , M. and Michael , L. 1975 . Denial, anxiety, and the discrepancy between aspiration and achievements as components of depression . Journal of Abnormal Psychology. , 84 : 1 – 9 .
  • Rholes , W. S. , Riskind , J. H. and Neville , B. 1985 . The relationship of cognitions and hopelessness to depression and anxiety . Social Cognition , 3 : 36 – 50 .
  • Ruehlman , L. S. , West , S. G. and Pasahow , R. J. 1985 . Depression and evaluative schemata . Journal of Personality. , 53 : 46 – 92 .
  • Schachter , S. 1959 . The psychology of affiliation , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Smith , T. W. , Ingram , R. E. and Brehm , S. S. 1983 . Social anxiety, anxious self‐preoccupation, and recall of self‐relevant information . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 44 : 1276 – 1283 .
  • Spielberger , C. D. , Gorsuch , R. L. and Lushene , R. E. 1970 . Manual for the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
  • Taylor , S. and Crocker , J. 1980 . “ Schematic bases of social information processing ” . In The Ontario symposium on personality and social psychology , Edited by: Higgens , E. , Hermann , P. and Zanna , M. Vol. 1 , Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.