Reasoning in depression: Impairment on a concept discrimination learning task

References

• Baddeley , A. D. and Hitch , G. J. 1974 . “ Working memory ” . In Recent advances in learning and motivation , Edited by: Bower , G. Vol. VIII , 47 – 90 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. 1976 . Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders , New York : International Universities Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. 1978 . Depression Inventory , Philadelphia, PA : Center for Cognitive Therapy .
   Google Scholar
• Channon , S. and Baker , J. E. 1994 . Reasoning strategies in depression: Effects of depressed mood on a syllogism task . Personality and Individual Differences , 17 : 707 – 711 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Channon , S. , Baker , J. E. and Robertson , M. M. 1993 . Working memory in clinical depression: An experimental study . Psychological Medicine , 23 : 87 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson , D. J.D. and Dobson , K. S. 1981 . Problem solving strategies in depressed and nondepressed college students . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 5 : 237 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Eimas , P. D. 1970 . Effects of memory aids on hypothesis behaviour and focusing in young children and adults . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 10 : 319 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , H. C. and Ashbrook , P. W. 1988 . “ Resource allocation model of the effects of depressed mood states on memory ” . In Affect, cognition, and social behaviour , Edited by: Fiedler , K. and Forgas , J. 25 – 43 . Toronto : Hogrefe .
   Google Scholar
• Hartlage , S. , Alloy , L. B. , Vazquez , C. and Dykman , B. 1993 . Automatic and effortful processing in depression . Psychological Bulletin , 113 : 247 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasher , L. and Zacks , R. T. 1979 . Automatic and effortful processes in memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 108 : 356 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertel , P. T. 1994 . Depressive deficits in word identification and recall . Cognition and Emotion , 8 : 313 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertel , P. T. and Hardin , T. S. 1990 . Remembering with and without awareness in a depressed mood: Evidence of deficits in initiative . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 119 : 45 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , S. and Phillips , S. 1985 . Problem-solving characteristics of process and reactive schizophrenics and affective-disordered patients . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 94 : 17 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Levine , M. 1966 . Hypothesis behaviour by humans during discrimination learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 71 : 331 – 338 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metcalfe , M. and Goldman , E. 1965 . Validation of an inventory for measuring depression . British Journal of Psychiatry , 111 : 240 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberman , E. K. , Weingartner , H. and Post , R. M. 1983 . Thinking disorder in depression: Logic and strategy in an abstract reasoning task . Archives of General Psychiatry , 40 : 775 – 780 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , J. D. , Tracy , J. I. and Murray , M. J. 1993 . Depression and category learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 122 : 331 – 346 .
   Google Scholar
• Teasdale , J. D. and Barnard , P. J. 1993 . Affect, cognition and change , Hove, , UK : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Vredenburg , K. , Flett , G. L. and Krames , L. 1993 . Analogue versus clinical depression: A critical reappraisal . Psychological Bulletin , 113 : 327 – 344 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 1981 . Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–revised: Manual , New York : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar