Girolamo Cardano and De sanitate tuenda: A Renaissance Physician's Perspective on Exercise

References

• Girolamo , Cardano . De sanitate tuenda, Volumes I-VI (Roma, 1560) The other two editions were Opus nouum eunctis de sanitate tuenda, ac vita producenda studiosis apprime necessarium, (Romae: Rodulphio Sylvestrio, 1580), and Opus novum, cuenctis de Sanitate Tuenda (Basileae: Sebastianum Henricpetri, 1582). The latter edition was utilized for this study and was located at the Biblioteca Vaticana, Rome, Italy. Assistance in the English translation of this Latin work was given by Dr. Gerard Etzkorn, Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University. Cardano's given name is sometimes spelled Geronimo
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• Alberti , Leone . 1969 . Cura della famiglia (Roma, 1434) , Columbia , SC : University of South Carolina Press . For the English translation of this work see: Guido Guarino, The Albertis of Florence (Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 1971), and Renee Neu Watkins, A Family of the Renaissance
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• Contemporary physical education historians Van Dalen and Bennett merely note that Cardano's work discussed the value of exercise in maintaining health. In an earlier work, Leonard erroneously reported that Volume IV contained a classification of exercises. See: Deobold Van Dalen and Bruce Benett, A World History of Physical Education, (2nd ed.) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1971), 125; and Fred E. Leonard, A Guide to the History of Physical Education (Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1923), 51–52
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• Elyot , Thomas . 1937 . Castel of Helth , New York : Scholars' Facsimiles and Reprints . The original was published in 1539. The book utilized for this study was the second edition published in 1541
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• The tenets described were a synthesis of the principles of exercise advocated by the Italian humanists in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. For a more detailed description, see: Eleanor B. English, “Physical Education Principles of Selected Italian Humanists of the Quattrocento and Cinquecento: Exposition and Comparison with Modern Principles” (Unpublished Ed. D. dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1978)
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• Scaino , Antonio . 1555 . Trattato del giuoco della palla , 303 – 305 . Vinegia : Gabriel Geolito et Fratelli de Ferrari .
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• Mercurialis , Hieronymous . 1569 . De arte gymnastica , Venetius : Juntas .
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• Gerber , Ellen . 1971 . Innovators and Institutions in Physical Education , 22 – 26 . Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger .
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• Rabelais , Francois . 1928 . Gargantua and Pantagruel , Edited by: Douglas , D. New York : Random House . edited by, (:, ); Cristóbel Méndez, Libro del exercicio corporal (Sevilla: Gregario de la Torre, 1553)
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• Inglis , Brian . 1965 . A History of Medicine , 72 Cleveland : World Publishing .
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• Bettman, 112
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• Cardan , Jerome . 1962 . The Book of My Life , Edited by: Stoner , Jean . 234 New York : Dover Publications . translated by (:, )
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• Vesalius , Andreas . 1543 . De fabrica humani corporis , Basileae : Oprinus .
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• Garrison , Fielding H. 1929 . An Introduction to the History of Medicine , 4th ed. , 218 Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders .
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• Ibid., 218–219
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• Camp , John . 1977 . The Healer's Art, The Doctor Through History , 75 New York : Taplinger .
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• Garrison, 218
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• Ore , Oystein . 1953 . The Gambling Scholar , 85 Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press . Ore claimed that Cardano's Ars Magna (1545) was a masterpiece in mathematics, and exerted a direct and profound influence upon the rise of European mathematics
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• Cardan, 318
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• Cardano , Girolamo . 1568 . In Hippocrates coi prognostica. Atque etiam in Galeni Prognosticorum expositionem commentarii absolutissimi , Basileae : Henricpetrina .
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• Hagger , Howard . 1933 . Mystery, Magic and Medicine , 50 Garden City , NY : Doubleday, Doran and Co. .
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• Ore, 46
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• Garrison, 210
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• 1962 . The Epic of Medicine , 168 New York : Clarkson N. Potter . Felix Marti-Iban[etilde]z (Ed.)
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• Garrison, 210
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• Ore, 13–14. See also: Cardan, 178–188
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• Cardano , Girolamo . De propria vita liber (Parisii: I. Villery, 1643) For English translation, see: Cardan, The Book of My Life
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• Cardan, 27
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• Ibid, 26
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• Ibid
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• Ibid
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• Ibid
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• Ibid., 114
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• Ibid., 37
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• Cardano, De sanitate tuenda, 334C
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• Ibid., 281D
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• Ibid
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• Ibid., 306C
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• Ibid., 282A, 295BC, and 320A
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• Ibid., 281D and 302C
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• Ibid
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• Ibid., 307E
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• Ibid., 307C
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• Cardan, 31
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• Scaino, Trattato del giuoco della palla
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• Cardano, 282A
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• Ibid., 307C
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• Updyke , L.E. , ed. 1903 . The Book of the Courtier , 25 New York : Scribner . Watkins, 63 and 71. Baldesare Castiglione
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• Scaino, 316
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• Ibid., 308
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• Cardano, 302C
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• Ibid., 295B
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid
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• Ibid., 307E
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• Ibid
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• Cardano , Girolamo . Liber de ludo alae, (1565) 183 – 241 . translated by Sidney H. Gould and printed in Ore, –. See also: “Cinquecento Crapshooter,” Time, LXI (June 22, 1953), 90–91
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• Cardano, De sanitate tuenda, 302C
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• Ibid
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• Elyot, Castel of Helth
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• Ibid., ix
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• Cardano , Girolamo . 1536 . De malo recentiorum medicorum medendi usu libellius , Venice : Octavianum Scotum .
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• Elyot, 45A
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• Ibid., 44B
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• Ibid., 45B
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• Pietro Paolo Vergerio, De ingenius moribus (Roma, circa 1404) as translated by William H. Woodward, Vittorino da Feltre and Other Humanist Educators (New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1963), 96–118; Matteo Palmieri, La vita civile (Florence, 1435). See also: Woodward, 74–77, and Matteo Palmieri, La vita civile, edited by Eugenio Garin (Bari: Editori Lateraza, 1966), 120–124; Maffeo Vegio, De educatione liberorum (Milan, 1491) edited by Srs. Maria Walburg Fanning and Anne Stanislaus (Washington: The Catholic University Press of America, 1936); Jacopo Sadoleto, De pueris recte instititendis (Venice, 1533), see also Sadoleto on Education, translated by F. T. Campagnac and K. B. D. Forbes (Oxford, 1916); Aenas Silvio Piccolomini, De educatione liberorum (Milan, 1450) as translated by Br. Joel Stanislaus Nelson, “Educational Theories and Principles of Aenus Silvio Piccolomini,” (Unpublished Ed.D. dissertation, Catholic University of America, 1940); and Silvio Antoniano, Dell'educatione christina dei figliuoli (Verona, 1584), see also Sr. Mary Zanfagna, “Educational Theories and Principles of Cardinal Silvio Antoniano” (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Catholic University of America, 1940)
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