Peripheral Narrowing among Experienced and Inexperienced Rifle Shooters under Low- and High-Stress Conditions

References

• Bacon , S. J. 1974 . Arousal and the range of cue utilization . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 102 : 81 – 87 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burton , E. C. 1971 . State and trait anxiety, achievement motivation, and skill attainment in college women . Research Quarterly , 42 : 139 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , F. S. and Landers , D. M. 1981a . Do the eyes have it? . American Riflemen , 129 : 38 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Easterbrook , J. A. 1959 . The effect of emotion on cue utilization and organization of behavior . Psychological Review , 66 : 183 – 201 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furst , D. M. 1981 . Individual differences in attentional flexibility in the performance of tasks requiring changes in attentional set , University Park : Pennsylvania State University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Hatfield , B. D. and Landers , D. M. 1983 . Psychophysiology–A new direction for sport psychology . Journal of Sport Psychology , 5 : 243 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatfield , B. D. , Landers , D. M. and Ray , W. J. 1984 . Cognitive processes during self-paced motor performance: An electroencephalographic profile of skilled marksmen . Journal of Sport Psychology , 6 : 42 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahneman , D. 1973 . Attention and effort , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Landers , D. M. 1980 . The arousal-performance relationship revisited . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 51 : 77 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landers , D. M. , Hunt , K. J. and Daniels , F. S. 1984 . Conserving energy: A key to effective shooting . Insights , 4 ( 6 ) : 17 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. , Deese , J. and Osier , S. F. 1952 . The effects of psychological stress upon performance . Psychological Bulletin , 49 : 293 – 317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney , M. J. 1978 . “ Cognitive skills and athletic performance ” . In Cognitive-behavioral interventions , Edited by: Kendall , P. C. and Hollon , S. D. NY : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nideffer , R. M. 1976 . Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 34 : 394 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porac , C. and Coren , S. 1976 . The dominant eye . Psychological Bulletin , 83 : 880 – 897 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pullum , B. 1977 . “ Psychology of shooting ” . In Schiessportschule Dialogues I , 1 – 17 . Mesa , AZ : U.S. Women's International Rifle Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Reis , J. and Bird , A. M. 1982 . Cue processing as a function of breadth of attention . Journal of Sport Psychology , 4 : 64 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Rigby , W. R. 1980 . Personality characteristics of United States international rifle marksmen , College Park : University of Maryland . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Spielberger , C. D. , Gorsuch , R. L. and Lushene , R. E. 1970 . Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory , Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychological Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tretilova , T. A. and Rodmiki , E. M. 1979 . Investigation of the emotional state of rifle shooters . Theory and Practice of Physical Culture , 5 : 28
   Google Scholar
• Wachtel , P. L. 1967 . Conceptions of broad or narrow attention . Psychological Bulletin , 68 : 417 – 429 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , E. J. , Campbell , D. T. , Schwartz , R. D. and Sechrest , L. 1966 . Unobtrusive measures: Nonreactive research in the social sciences , Chicago : Rand McNally .
   Google Scholar
• Weltman , G. and Egstrom , G. H. 1966 . Perceptual narrowing in novice divers . Human Factors , 8 : 499 – 505 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weltman , G. , Smith , J. E. and Egstrom , G. H. 1971 . Perceptual narrowing during simulated pressure-chamber exposure . Human Factors , 13 : 99 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , M. O. 1981 . An examination of epinephrine and athletic performance: Psychological, cognitive, and behavioral indices of arousal , University Park : Pennsylvania State University . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Willis , M. P. 1967 . Stress effects on skill . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 74 : 460 – 465 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar