Cross-Validation of Methods to Predict Body Fat in African-American and Caucasian Collegiate Football Players

References

• Brozek , J. , Grande , F. , Anderson , J. T. and Keys , A. 1963 . Densitometric analysis of body composition: Revision of some quantitative assumptions . Annals of New York Academy of Sciences , 110 : 113 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , R. R. , Kuta , J. M. and Oppliger , R. A. 1992 . The Wisconsin wrestling minimal weight project: Cross-validation of prediction equations . Pediatric Exercise Science , 4 : 117 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , R. R. , Kuta , J. M. , Sullivan , J. C. , Bedford , W. M. , Penner , J. D. and Studesville , E. A. 1993 . A comparison of methods to estimate minimal weight in high school wrestlers . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 25 : 151 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graves , J. E. , Pollock , M. L. , Calvin , A. B. , Van Loan , M. and Lohman , T. G. 1989 . Comparison of different bioelectrical impedance analyzers in the prediction of body composition . American Journal of Human Biology , 1 : 603 – 611 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heymsfield , S. B. , Lichtman , S. , Baumgartner , R. N. , Wang , J. , Kamen , Y. , Aliprantis , A. and Pierson , R. N. 1990 . Body composition of humans: Comparison of two improved four compartment models that differ in expense, technical complexity, and radiation exposure . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 52 : 52 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heymsfield , S. B. , Wang , J. , Heshka , S. , Kehayias , J. J. and Pierson , R. N. 1989 . Dual-photon absorptiometry: Comparison of bone mineral and soft tissue mass measurements in vivo with established methods . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 49 : 1283 – 1289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgdon , J. A. and Fitzgerald , P. I. 1987 . Validity of impedance predictions at various levels of fatness . Human Biology , 59 : 281 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horswill , C. A. , Lohman , T. G. , Slaughter , M. H. , Boileau , R. A. and Wilmore , J. H. 1990 . Estimation of minimal weight of adolescent males using multicomponent models . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 22 : 528 – 532 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , A. S. and Pollock , M. L. 1978 . Generalized equations for predicting body density of men . British Journal of Nutrition , 40 : 497 – 504 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , A. S. , Pollock , M. L. , Graves , J. E. and Mahar , M. T. 1988 . Reliability and validity of bioelectrical impedance in determining body composition . Journal of Applied Physiology , 64 : 529 – 534 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katch , F. I. and McArdle , W. D. 1973 . Prediction of body density from simple anthropometric measurements in college-age men and women . Human Biology , 45 : 445 – 454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohman , T. G. 1981 . Skinfolds and body density and their relation to body fatness: A review . Human Biology , 53 : 181 – 225 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohman , T. G. 1984 . Research progress in validation of laboratory methods of assessing body composition . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 16 : 596 – 603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohman , T. G. 1986 . “ Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youths. ” . In Exercise and Sport Science Reviews Edited by: Pandolf , K. B. Vol. 14 , 325 – 357 . New York : MacMillan. .
   Google Scholar
• Lukaski , H. C. and Bolancheck , W. W. 1986 . Validation of the bioimpedance method to assess body/composition, in athletes . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 18 : S16 (Abstract No. 78)
   Google Scholar
• Lukaski , H. C. , Bolancheck , W. W. , Hall , C. B. and Siders , W. A. 1986 . Validation of tetrapolarbioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition . Journal of Applied Physiology , 60 : 1327 – 1332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppliger , R. A. , Clark , R. R. and Kuta , J. M. 1992 . Efficacy of skinfold training clinics: A comparison between clinic trained and experienced testers . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 63 : 410 – 417 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppliger , R. A. , Nielsen , D. H. , Shelter , A. C. , Crowley , E. T. and Albright , J. P. 1992 . Body composition of collegiate football players: Bioelectrical impedance and skinfolds compared to hydrostatic weighing . Journal of Sports Physical Therapy , 15 : 187 – 192 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oppliger , R. A. , Nielsen , D. H. and Vance , C. G. 1991 . Wrestlers' minimal weight: Anthropometry, bioimpedance, and hydrostatic weighing compared . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 23 : 247 – 253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppliger , R. A. and Tipton , C. M. 1985 . Weight prediction equations tested and available . Iowa Medicine , 75 : 449 – 452 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollock , M. L. and Jackson , A. S. 1984 . Research progress in validation of clinical methods of assessing body composition . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 16 : 606 – 613 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutte , J. E. , Townsend , E. J. , Hugg , H. , Schoup , R. F. , Malina , R. M. and Bloomquist , C. G. 1984 . Density of lean body mass is greater in blacks than in whites . Journal of Applied Physiology , 56 : 1647 – 1649 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinning , W. E. , Dolny , D. G. and Little , K. D. 1985 . Validity of generalized equations for body density analysis in male athletes . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 17 : 124 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sloan , A. W. 1967 . Estimates of body fatness in young men . Journal of Applied Physiology , 23 : 311 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , J. F. and Mansfield , E. R. 1984 . Body composition prediction in university football players . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 16 : 398 – 405 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stump , C. S. , Houtkooper , L. B. , Hewitt , M. J. , Going , S. B. and Lohman , T. G. 1988 . Bioelectrical impedance variability with dehydration and exercise . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 20 : S82 (Abstract No. 491)
   Google Scholar
• Thorland , W. G. , Johnson , G. O. and Housh , T. J. 1993 . Estimation of body composition in black adolescent male athletes . Pediatric Exercise Science , 5 : 116 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Thorland , W. G. , Johnson , G. O. , Tharp , G. D. , Housh , T. J. and Cisar , C. J. 1984 . Estimation of body density in adolescent athletes . Human Biology , 56 : 439 – 448 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorland , W. G. , Tipton , C. M. , Lohman , T. G. , Bowers , R. W. , Housh , T. J. , Johnson , G. O. , Kelly , J. M. , Oppliger , R. A. and Tcheng , T. K. 1991 . Midwest wrestling study: Prediction of minimal weight for high school wrestlers . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 23 : 1102 – 1110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , J. , Mayhew , J. L. and Piper , F. C. 1980 . Prediction of body composition in collegiate football players . fournal of Sports Medicine , 20 : 317 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickkiser , J. D. and Kelly , J. M. 1975 . The body composition of a college football team . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 7 : 199 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilmore , I. H. 1969 . A simplified method for determination of residual lung volumes . Journal of Applied Physiology , 2 ( 7 ) : 98 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilmore , J. H. and Haskell , W. L. 1972 . Body composition and endurance capacity of professional football players . Journal of Applied Physiology , 33 : 564 – 567 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar