Attentional Strategy Use by Experienced Distance Runners: Physiological and Psychological Effects

References

• Benson , H. , Dryer , T. and Hartley , L. H. 1978 . Decreased VO2 consumption during exercise with elicitation of the relaxation response . Journal of Human Stress , 4 : 38 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunc , V. and Heller , J. 1989 . Energy cost of running in similarly trained men and women . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 59 : 178 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley , D. L. and Krahenbuhl , G. S. 1980 . Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 12 : 357 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crews , D. J. 1992 . Psychological state and running economy . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 24 : 475 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , J. T. 1985 . A physiologist's view of running economy . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 17 : 332 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , J. and Daniels , N. 1992 . Running economy of elite male and elite female runners . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 24 : 483 – 489 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean , J. E. , Whelan , J. P. and Meyers , A. W. An incredibly quick way to assess mood states: The Incredibly Short POMS . Paper presented at the conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology . San Antonio , TX . September .
   Google Scholar
• Gill , D. L. and Strom , E. H. 1985 . The effect of attentional focus on performance of an endurance task . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 16 : 217 – 223 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatfield , B. D. , Spalding , T. , Mahon , T. , Brody , E. B. and Vaccaro , P. 1986 . Ventilatory economy as a function of attentional self-focus during treadmill running [Abstract] . Psychophysiology , 23 : 440 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatfield , B. D. , Spalding , T. W. , Mahon , A. D. , Slater , B. A. , Brody , E. B. and Vaccaro , P. 1992 . The effect of psychological strategies upon cardiorespiratory and muscular activity during treadmill running . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 24 : 218 – 225 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters , K. S. and Lambert , M. J. 1989 . The relations between cognitive coping strategies, reasons for running, injury, and performance of marathon runners . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 11 : 161 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClung , L. R. 1992 . Validation study of the Incredibly Short Profile of Mood States. Sacramento : California State University. . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• McNair , D. M. , Lorr , M. and Droppleman , L. F. 1971 . Profile of Mood States. San Diego , CA : Educational and Industrial Testing Service. .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , D. W. and Craib , M. 1992 . Physiological aspects of running economy . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 24 : 456 – 461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. 1985 . Psychogenic factors and exercise metabolism: A review . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 17 : 309 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. and Pollock , M. L. 1977 . Psychologic characterization of the elite distance runner . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 301 : 382 – 403 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okwumabua , T. M. , Meyers , A. W. , Schleser , R. and Cooke , C. J. 1983 . Cognitive strategies and running performance: An exploratory study . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 7 : 363 – 370 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pate , R. , Barnes , C. and Miller , W. 1985 . A physiological comparison of performance-matched female and male distance runners . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 56 : 245 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pate , R. R. and Branch , J. D. 1992 . Training for endurance sport . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 24 ( Suppl. ) : S340 – S343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennebaker , J. W. and Lightner , J. M. 1980 . Competition of internal and external information in an exercise setting . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 : 165 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schomer , H. 1986 . Mental strategies and the perception of effort of marathon runners . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 17 : 41 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutz , R. W. and Gessaroli , M. E. 1987 . The analysis of repeated measures designs involving multiple dependent variables . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 58 : 132 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva , J. M. and Appelbaum , M. I. 1989 . Association-dissociation patterns of United States Olympic marathon trial contestants . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 13 : 185 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spink , K. S. 1988 . Facilitating endurance performance: The effects of cognitive strategies and analgesic suggestions . The Sport Psychologist , 2 : 97 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Spink , K. S. and Longhurst , K. 1986 . Cognitive strategies and swimming performances: An exploratory study . Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 18 : 9 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 1989 . Using multivariate statistics, , 2nd ed. New York : Harper Collins. .
   Google Scholar
• Weinberg , R. S. , Smith , J. , Jackson , A. and Gould , D. 1984 . Effect of association, dissociation and positive self-talk on endurance performance . Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences , 9 : 25 – 32 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams , T. J. , Krahenbuhl , G. S. and Morgan , D. W. 1991 . Mood state and running economy in moderately trained male runners . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 23 : 727 – 731 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrisberg , C. A. and Pein , R. L. 1990 . Past running experience as a mediator of the attentional focus of male and female recreational runners . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 70 : 427 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler , S. G. , Klinzing , J. and Williamson , K. 1982 . The effects of two stress management training programs on cardiorespiratory efficiency . Journal of Sport Psychology , 4 : 280 – 289 .
   Google Scholar