DISFLUENCIES IN COMPREHENDING ARGUMENTATIVE TEXTS

References

• Anthony , L. C. , Harris , V. F. and Pashley , P. J. 1999 . Predictive Validity of the LSAT: A National Summary of the 1995–1996 Correlation Studies 3 , Law School Admission Council Research Report Series Technical Report, 97-01
   Google Scholar
• Beck , I. L. , McKeown , M. G. , Sinatra , G. M. and Loxterman , J. A. 1991 . Revising social studies text from a text-processing perspective: Evidence of improved comprehensibility . Reading Research Quarterly , 26 ( 3 ) : 251 – 276 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blakemore , D. 1987 . Linguistic constraints on pragmatic interpretation: A reassessment of linguistic semantics . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 10 ( 4 ) : 712 – 713 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blakemore , D. 2000 . Indicators and procedures: Nevertheless and but . Journal of Linguistics , 36 : 463 – 486 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britt , M. A. and Larson , A. A. 2003 . Constructing representations of arguments . Journal of Memory & Language , 48 ( 4 ) : 794 – 810 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambliss , M. J. 1995 . Text cues and strategies successful readers use to construct the gist of lengthy written arguments . Reading Research Quarterly , 30 ( 4 ) : 778 – 807 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambliss , M. J. and Murphy , P. K. 2002 . Fourth and fifth graders representing the argument structure in written texts . Discourse Processes , 34 ( 1 ) : 91 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coquin-Viennot , D. and Coirier , P. 1992 . Structures of argumentative discourse: Effects of type of referential space . European Journal of Psychology of Education , 7 ( 3 ) : 219 – 229 .
   Google Scholar
• Golder , C. and Coirier , P. 1994 . Argumentative text writing: Developmental trends . Discourse Processes , 18 : 187 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman , S. R. , Saul , E. and Cote , N. 1995 . Paragraphing, reader, and task effects on discourse comprehension . Discourse Processes , 20 ( 3 ) : 273 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman , S. R. , Graesser , A. C. and van den Broek , P. 1999 . Narrative comprehension, causality, and coherence: Essays in honor of Tom Trabasso , Princeton, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Graesser , A. C. , Millis , K. K. and Zwaan , R. A. 1997 . Discourse comprehension . Annual Review of Psychology , 48 : 163 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudson , R. E. 1992 . The development of written argumentation: An analysis and comparison of argumentative writing at four grade levels . Child Study Journal , 22 : 167 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Knudson , R. E. 1994 . An analysis of persuasive discourse: Learning how to take a stand . Discourse Processes , 18 : 211 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozmnsky , E. 1977 . Altering comprehension: The effect of biasing titles on text comprehension . Memory & Cognition , 5 ( 4 ) : 482 – 490 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn , D. 1991 . The skills of argument , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Law School Admission Council . 2001 . 10 actual, official LSAT preptests , Newton, PA : Law School Admission Council, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Lorch , R. F. and Lorch , E. P. 1995 . Effects of organizational signals on text-processing strategies . Journal of Educational Psychology , 87 ( 4 ) : 537 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorch , R. F. and Lorch , E. P. 1996 . Effects of organizational signals on free recall of expository text . Journal of Educational Psychology , 88 ( 1 ) : 38 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorch , R. F. , Lorch , E. P. and Inman , W. E. 1993 . Effects of signaling topic structure on text recall . Journal of Educational Psychology , 85 ( 2 ) : 281 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandler , J. M. and Johnson , N. S. 1977 . Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall . Cognitive Psychology , 9 : 111 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara , D. S. , Kintsch , E. , Songer , N. B. and Kintsch , W. 1996 . Are good texts always better? Interactions of text coherence, background knowledge, and levels of understanding in learning from text . Cognition & Instruction , 14 ( 1 ) : 1 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Means , M. L. and Voss , J. F. 1995 . Star Wars: A developmental study of expert and novice knowledge structures . Journal of Memory & Language , 24 ( 6 ) : 746 – 757 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , B. J. F. and Rice , G. E. 1989 . “ Prose processing in adulthood: The text, the reader, and the task ” . In Everyday cognition in adulthood and late life , Edited by: Poon , L. W. and Rubin , D. C. 157 – 194 . New York, NY : Cambridge Academic Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Miller , M. 1986 . “ Argumentation and cognition ” . In Social and functional approaches to language and thought , Edited by: Hickmann , M. 225 – 249 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Miller , M. 1987 . Culture and collective argumentation . Argumentation , 1 : 127 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Millis , K. K. and Just , M. A. 1994 . The influence of connectives on sentence comprehension . Journal of Memory & Language , 33 ( 1 ) : 128 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Assessment of Educational Progress . 1996 . NAEP 1994 U.S. history report card: Findings from the National Assessment of Educational Progress , Princeton, NJ : Educational Testing Service .
   Google Scholar
• National Assessment of Educational Progress . 1998 . NAEP 1998 writing report card: Findings from the National Assessment of Educational Progress , Princeton, NJ : Educational Testing Service .
   Google Scholar
• National Center for History in the Schools . 1996 . National standards for United States history: Exploring the American experience , Los Angeles, CA : University of California, Los Angeles .
   Google Scholar
• Perkins , D. N. 1985 . Postprimary education has little impact on informal reasoning . Journal of Educational Psychology , 77 : 562 – 571 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spyridakis , J. H. and Standal , T. C. 1987 . Signals in expository prose: Effects on reading comprehension . Reading Research Quarterly , 22 ( 3 ) : 285 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein , N. L. and Glenn , C. G. 1979 . “ An analysis of story comprehension in elementary school children ” . In New directions in discourse processing , Edited by: Freedle , R. O. 53 – 120 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum . In
   Google Scholar
• Stein , N. L. and Miller , C. A. 1993 . “ The development of memory and reasoning skill in argumentative contexts: Evaluating, explaining, and generating evidence ” . In Advances in instructional psychology 4 , Edited by: Glaser , R. 285 – 335 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum . In
   Google Scholar
• Toulmin , S. E. 1958 . The uses of argument , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Trabasso , T. and van den Broek , P. 1985 . Causal thinking and the representation of narrative events . Journal of Memory and Language , 24 : 612 – 630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar