5,261
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Examining Biases and White Privilege: Classroom Teaching Strategies That Promote Cultural Competence

REFERENCES

  • American Psychological Association. (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologist. American Psychologist, 58(5), 377–402. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.5.377
  • Ancis, J. R., & Szymanski, D. M. (2001). Awareness of White privilege among White counseling trainees. The Counseling Psychologist, 29, 548–569. doi:10.1177/0011000001294005
  • Arredondo, P., & Arciniega, G. M. (2001). Strategies and techniques for counselor training based on the multicultural counseling competencies. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29, 263–273. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2001.tb00469.x
  • Arthur, N., & Achenbach, K. (2002). Developing multicultural counseling competencies through experiential learning. Counselor Education & Supervision, 42(1), 2–14. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2002.tb01299.x
  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2010). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States (3rd ed.). Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Brown, L. S. (2013). Compassion amidst oppression: Increasing cultural competence for managing difficult dialogues in psychotherapy. In A. W. Wolf, M. R. Goldfried, & J. Muran (Eds.), Transforming negative reactions to clients: From frustration to compassion (pp. 139–158). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Carter, R. T. (1995). The influence of race and racial identity in psychotherapy: toward a racially inclusive model. Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Carter, R. T. (2003). Becoming racially and culturally competent: The racial-cultural counseling laboratory. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 31, 20–30. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2003.tb00527.x
  • Carter, R. T. (2005). Teaching racial-cultural counseling competence: A racially inclusive model. In R. T. Carter (Ed.), Handbook of racial-cultural psychology and counseling: Training and practice (Vol. 2, pp. 36–56). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., & Gaertner, S. L. (2002). Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 62–68. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.62
  • Elliott, J., Yale University, WGBH (Television station: Boston, MA), & PBS DVD (Film). (2003). A class divided [Motion picture]. New Haven, CT: Yale University Films.
  • Fine, M., Weis, L., Powell, L. C., & Mun Wong, L. ( Eds.). (1997). Off white: Readings on race, power, and society. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Fowler, S. M. (1994). Two decades of using simulation games for cross-cultural training. Simulation & Gaming, 25, 464–476. doi:10.1177/1046878194254004
  • Garmon, M. A. (1998). Using dialogue journals to promote student learning in a multicultural teacher education course. Remedial and Special Education, 19(1), 32–45. doi:10.1177/074193259801900104
  • Haggis, P., & Yari, B. (2004). Crash [Motion picture]. United States: Lions Gate Films.
  • Helms, J. E. (2008). A race is a nice thing to have: A guide to being a White person or understanding the White persons in your life (2nd ed.). Hanover, MA: Microtraining Associates.
  • Helms, J. E. (1995). An update of the Helm’s White and POC racial identity models. In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 181–198). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Hogan, D. E., & Mallott, M. (2005). Changing racial prejudice through diversity education. Journal of College Student Development, 46, 115–125. doi:10.1353/csd.2005.0015
  • Iyer, A., Leach, C. W., & Crosby, F. J. (2003). White guilt and racial compensation: The benefits and limits of self-focus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(1), 117–129. doi:10.1177/0146167202238377
  • Jones, J. M. (1997). Prejudice and racism. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Jones, J. M., Sander, J. B., & Booker, K. W. (2013). Multicultural competency building: Practical solutions for training and evaluating student progress. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 7, 12–22. doi:10.1037/a0030880
  • Kapoor, R., Dike, C., Burns, C., Carvalho, V., & Griffith, E. E. H. (2013). Cultural competence in correctional mental health. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 36(3–4), 273–280. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.04.016
  • Leach, M. M., Behrens, J. T., & LaFleur, N. K. (2002). White racial identity and white racial consciousness: Similarities, differences, and recommendations. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 30(2), 66–80. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2002.tb00480.x
  • Lee, M. W., Hunter, M., Goss, R., & Bock, R. C., Stir-Fry Productions., & Stir-Fry Seminars & Consulting. (2000). The color of fear: A film [Motion picture]. Oakland, CA: Stir-Fry Seminars & Consulting.
  • Lopez, I. F. H. (1996). White by law: The legal construction of race. New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • McIntosh, P. (1988). White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. In V. Cyrus (Ed.), Experiencing race, class, and gender in the United States (pp. 209–213). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing.
  • Mills, C. W. (2007). White ignorance. In S. Sullivan & N. Tuana (Eds.), Race and epistemologies of ignorance (pp. 13–38). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
  • Mio, J. S., & Barker-Hackett, L. (2003). Reaction papers and journal writing as techniques for assessing resistance in multicultural courses. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 31, 12–19. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2003.tb00526.x
  • Monture, P. (2009). Doing academia differently: Confronting “whiteness” in the university. In F. Henry & C. Tator (Eds.), Racism in the Canadian university: Demanding social justice, inclusion, and equity (pp. 76–105). Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
  • Nelson, T. D. (2009). Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Neville, H. A., Worthington, R. L., & Spanierman, L. B. (2001). Race, power, and multicultural counseling psychology: Understanding White privilege and color-blind racial attitudes. In J. Ponterotto J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 257–288). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Ponterotto, J. G. (1998). Charting a course for research in multicultural counseling training. The Counseling Psychologist, 26(1), 43–68. doi:10.1177/0011000098261004
  • Pope-Davis, D. B., Ottavi, T. M., & Ottavi, T. M. (1994). Examining the association between self-expressed multicultural counseling competencies and demographic variables among counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72, 651–654. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1994.tb01697.x
  • Qureshi, A., & Eiroa-Orosa, F. (2013). Training for overcoming health disparities in mental health care: Interpretive-relational cultural competence. In S. Barnow, & N. Balkir (Eds.), Cultural variations in psychopathology: From research to practice (pp. 248–269). Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe Publishing.
  • Rains, F. (1998). Is the benign really harmless? Deconstructing some “benign” manifestations of operationalized White privilege. In J. L. Kincheloe, S. R. Steinberg, N. M. Rodriguez, & R. E. Chennault (Eds.), White reign: Deploying whiteness in America (pp. 76–101). New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Spanierman, L. B., Oh, E., Poteat, V. P., Hund, A. R., McClair, V. L., Beer, A. M., & Clarke, A. M. (2008). White university students’ responses to societal racism: A qualitative investigation. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(6), 839–870.
  • Sue, D. W. (2003). Overcoming our racism: The journey to liberation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Sue, D. W. (2005). Racism and the conspiracy of silence: Presidential Address. The Counseling Psychologist, 33(1), 100–114. doi:10.1177/0011000004270686
  • Sue, D. W. (2010). Microaggressions in everyday life: Race, gender, and sexual orientation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sue, D. W. (2013). Race talk: The psychology of racial dialogues. American Psychologist, 68(8), 663–672.
  • Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70, 477–486. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01642.x
  • Sue, D. W., Bernier, J. E., Duran, A., Feinberg, L., Pedersen, P., Smith, E. J., & Vasquez Nuttall, E. (1982). Position paper: Cross-cultural counseling competencies. The Counseling Psychologist, 10, 45–52. doi:10.1177/0011000082102008
  • Sue, D. W., Carter, R. T., Casas, J., Fouad, N. A., Ivey, A. E., Jensen, M., LaFromboise, T., Manese, J. E., Ponterotto, J. G., & Vazquez-Nutall, E. (1998). Multicultural counseling competencies: Individual and organizational development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Sue, D. W., Lin, A. I., Torino, G. C., Capodilupo, C. M., & Rivera, D. P. (2009). Racial microaggressions and difficult dialogues on race in the classroom. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 15, 183–190. doi:10.1037/a0014191
  • Sue, D. W., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Lin, A. I., & Torino, G. C. (2010). Racial dialogues and white trainee fears: Implications for education and training. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 206–214. doi:10.1037/a0016112
  • Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Sue, D. W., & Torino, G. C. (2005). Racial-cultural competence: Awareness, knowledge, and skills. In R. T. Carter (Ed.), Handbook of racial-cultural psychology and counseling: Training and practice (Vol. 2, pp. 3–18). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Swim, J. K., Becker, J. C., Lee, E., & Pruitt, E. R. (2010). Sexism reloaded: Worldwide evidence for its endorsement, expression, and emergence in multiple contexts. In H. Landrine & N. F. Russon (Eds.), Handbook of diversity in feminist thought (pp. 137–171). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Tatum, B. (1992). Talking about race, learning about racism: The application of racial identity development theory in the classroom. Harvard Educational Review, 62, 1–25. doi:10.17763/haer.62.1.146k5v980r703023
  • Todd, N. R., Spanierman, L. B., & Aber, M. S. (2010). White students reflecting on whiteness: Understanding emotional responses. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 3(2), 97–110. doi:10.1037/a0019299
  • Torino, G. C. (2010). White counselor trainee experiences in the Racial-Cultural Counseling Laboratory (Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, Vol 71(2-B)). Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY.
  • Yeung, J. G., Spanierman, L. B., & Landrum-Brown, J. (2013). “Being white in a multicultural society”: Critical whiteness pedagogy in a dialogue course. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 6(1), 17–32. doi:10.1037/a0031632

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.