1,553
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Intersectional Perspectives of Black Women’s Mental Health: Strategies for Clinical Training

ORCID Icon, , , &

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2017). Multicultural guidelines: An ecological approach to context, identity, and intersectionality. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/about/policy/multicultural-guidelines.aspx.
  • Bailey, T. K. M., Chung, Y. B., Williams, W. S., Singh, A. A., & Terrell, H. K. (2011). Development and validation of the internalized racial oppression scale for Black individuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4), 481–493. doi:10.1037/a0023585
  • Bell, E. E., & Nkomo, S. M. (1998). Armoring: Learning to withstand racial oppression. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 29(2), 285–295. doi:10.3138/jcfs.29.2.285
  • Brown, D. L., Blackmon, S., Rosnick, C. B., Griffin-Fennell, F. D., & White-Johnson, R. L. (2017). Initial development of a Gendered-Racial Socialization Scale for African American college women. Sex Roles, 77(3–4), 178–193. doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0707-x
  • Brown, D. R., Keith, V. M., Jackson, J. S., & Gary, L. D. (2003). (Dis)respected and (dis)regarded: Experiences of racism and psychological distress. In D. R. Brown & V. M. Keith (Eds.), In and out of our right minds: The mental health of African American women (pp. 83–98). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Buchanan, N. T., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (2008). Effects of racial and sexual harassment on work and the psychological well-being of African American women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(2), 137–151. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.13.2.137
  • Buchanan, N. T., & Ormerod, A. J. (2002). Racialized sexual harassment in the lives of African American women. Women & Therapy, 25(3–4), 107–124. doi:10.1300/J015v25n03_08
  • Buchanan, N. T., Settles, I. H., & Woods, K. C. (in press). Black women’s positive embodiment in the face of race × gender oppression. To appear in T. L. Tylka & N. Piran (Eds.), Handbook of positive body image and embodiment: Constructs, protective factors, and interventions (pp. 191–200). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Buchanan, N. T., & Wiklund, L. (2020). Why clinical Science must change or die: Integrating intersectionality and social justice. Women & Therapy, 43(3-4), 309-329.
  • Carr, E. R., Szymanski, D. M., Taha, F., West, L. M., & Kaslow, N. J. (2014). Understanding the link between multiple oppressions and depression among African American women: The role of internalization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38(2), 233–245. doi:10.1177/0361684313499900
  • Case, K. A. (2015). White practitioners in therapeutic ally-ance: An intersectional privilege awareness training model. Women & Therapy, 38(3–4), 263–278. doi:10.1080/02703149.2015.1059209
  • Case, K. A. (2017). Toward an intersectional pedagogy model: Engaged learning for social justice. In. K. A. Case (Ed.), Intersectional pedagogy: Complicating identity and social justice (pp. 1–24). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Cho, S., Crenshaw, K. W., & McCall, L. (2013). Toward a field of intersectionality studies: Theory, applications, and praxis. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 38(4), 785–810. doi:10.1086/669608
  • Cole, E. R. (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. American Psychologist, 64(3), 170–180. doi:10.1037/a0014564
  • Collins, P. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman.
  • Collins, P. H., & Bilge, S. (2016). Intersectionality. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Combahee River Collective. (2014). A black feminist statement. Women’s Studies Quarterly, 42(3), 271–280.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139, 139–167.
  • Crenshaw, K. W., Ocen, P., & Nanda, J. (2015). Black girls matter: Pushed out, overpoliced and underprotected. New York, NY: African American Policy Forum, Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies.
  • Donovan, R., & Williams, M. (2002). Living at the intersection: The effects of racism and sexism on Black rape survivors. Women & Therapy, 25(3–4), 95–105. doi:10.1300/J015v25n03_07
  • Essed, P. (1991). Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Giddings, P. (1984). When and where I enter: The impact of Black women on race and sex in America. New York, NY: W. Morrow.
  • Greene, B. (1994). African American women. In L. Comas-Díaz & B. Greene (Eds.), Women of color: Integrating ethnic and gender identities in psychotherapy (pp. 10–29). New York: Guilford.
  • hooks, b. (1981). Ain’t I a woman: Black women and feminism. Boston, MA: South End.
  • Jacobs, M. S. (2017). The violent state: Black women’s invisible struggle against police violence. William & Mary Journal of Women & Law, 24(1), 39–100.
  • Jerald, M. C., Cole, E. R., Ward, L. M., & Avery, L. R. (2017). Controlling images: How awareness of group stereotypes affects Black women’s well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 487–499. doi:10.1037/cou0000233
  • Jones, M. K., & Day, S. X. (2018). An exploration of Black women’s gendered racial identity using a multidimensional and intersectional approach. Sex Roles, 79(1–2), 1–15. doi:10.1007/s11199-017-0854-8
  • Jones, C., & Shorter-Gooden, K. (2003). Shifting: The double lives of Black women in America. New York, NY: HarperCollins.
  • King, D. K. (1988). Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: The context of a Black feminist ideology. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 14(1), 42–72. doi:10.1086/494491
  • Lemieux, J. (2017, January). Why I’m skipping the Women’s March on Washington. Color Lines. Retrieved from https://www.colorlines.com/articles/why-im-skipping-womens-marchwashington-opinion
  • Lewis, J. A., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S. A., & Huntt, M. B. (2013). Coping with gendered racial microaggressions among Black women college students. Journal of African American Studies, 17(1), 51–73. doi:10.1007/s12111-012-9219-0
  • Lewis, J. A., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S. A., & Huntt, M. B. (2016). Ain’t I a woman? The Counseling Psychologist, 44(5), 758–780. doi:10.1177/0011000016641193
  • Lewis, J. A., & Neville, H. A. (2015). Construction and initial validation of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale for Black women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(2), 289–302. doi:10.1037/cou0000062
  • Lewis, J. A., Williams, M. G., Peppers, E. J., & Gadson, C. A. (2017). Applying intersectionality to explore the relations between gendered racism and health among Black women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 475–486. doi:10.1037/cou0000231
  • Moradi, B., & Grzanka, P. R. (2017). Using intersectionality responsibly: Toward critical epistemology, structural analysis, and social justice activism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 500–513. doi:10.1037/cou0000203
  • Naples, N. A. (2017). Pedagogical practice and teaching intersectionality intersectionally. In K. A. Case (Ed.), Intersectional pedagogy: Complicating identity and social justice (pp. 110–128). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Neal‐Barnett, A., Stadulis, R., Murray, M., Payne, M. R., Thomas, A., & Salley, B. B. (2011). Sister circles as a culturally relevant intervention for anxious Black women. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18(3), 266–273. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2011.01258.x
  • Nnawulezi, N., Case, K. A., & Settles, I. H. (this volume). Ambivalent white racial consciousness: Examining intersectional reflection and complexity in practitioner graduate training. Women & Therapy, 43(3-4), 365-388.
  • Owen, J., Tao, K. W., Drinane, J. M., Hook, J., Davis, D. E., & Kune, N. F. (2016). Client perceptions of therapists’ multicultural orientation: Cultural (missed) opportunities and cultural humility. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 47(1), 30–37. doi:10.1037/pro0000046
  • Purdie-Vaughns, V., & Eibach, R. P. (2008). Intersectional invisibility: The distinctive advantages and disadvantages of multiple subordinate-group identities. Sex Roles, 59(5–6), 377–391. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9424-4
  • Rose-Redwood, C., & Rose-Redwood, R. (2017). ‘It definitely felt very white’: Race, gender, and the performative politics of assembly at the Women’s March in Victoria, British Columbia. Gender, Place & Culture, 24(5), 645–654. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2017.1335290
  • Settles, I. H. (2006). Use of an intersectional framework to understand Black women’s racial and gender identities. Sex Roles, 54(9–10), 589–601. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9029-8
  • Settles, I. H., & Buchanan, N. T. (2014). Multiple groups, multiple identities, and intersectionality. In V. Benet-Martinez & Y. Hong (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of multicultural identity (pp. 160–180). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Simmons, R., & Vaughn, G. (2010). Engaging African Americans in outpatient mental health Interventions. In L. R. Hampton (Ed.), Handbook of African American Health (pp. 154–178). New York. NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Stephens, D. P., & Few, A. L. (2007). The effects of images of African American women in hip-hop on early adolescents’ attitudes toward physical attractiveness and interpersonal relationships. Sex Roles, 56(3–4), 251–264. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9145-5
  • Stockman, F. (2017). Women’s march on Washington opens contentious dialogues about race. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/09/us/womens-march-on-washington-opens-contentious-dialogues-about-race.html?_r=0
  • Szymanski, D. M., & Lewis, J. A. (2016). Gendered racism, coping, identity centrality, and African American college women’s psychological distress. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 229–243. doi:10.1177/0361684315616113
  • Thomas, A. J., & King, C. (2007). Gendered racial socialization of African American mothers and daughters. Family Journal, 15(2), 137–142. doi:10.1177/1066480706297853
  • Thomas, A. J., Hacker, J. D., & Hoxha, D. (2011). Gendered racial identity of Black young women. Sex Roles, 64(7–8), 530–542. doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9939-y
  • Thomas, A. J., Hoxha, D., & Hacker, J. D. (2013). Contextual influences on gendered racial identity development of African American young women. Journal of Black Psychology, 39(1), 88–101. doi:10.1177/0095798412454679
  • Thomas, A. J., Witherspoon, K. M., & Speight, S. L. (2004). Toward the development of the Stereotypic Roles for Black Women Scale. Journal of Black Psychology, 30(3), 426–442. doi:10.1177/0095798404266061
  • Thomas, A. J., Witherspoon, K. M., & Speight, S. L. (2008). Gendered racism, psychological distress, and coping styles of African American women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(4), 307–314. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.14.4.307
  • Townsend, T. G., Thomas, A. J., Neilands, T. B., & Jackson, T. R. (2010). I’m no Jezebel; I am young, gifted, and Black: Identity, sexuality, and Black girls. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34(3), 273–285. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2010.01574.x
  • U.S. Department of Labor (2016). Black women in the labor force. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/wb/media/Black_Women_in_the_Labor_Force.pdf
  • Watson, N. N., & Hunter, C. D. (2015). Anxiety and depression among African American women: The costs of strength and negative attitudes toward psychological help-seeking. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(4), 604–612. doi:10.1037/cdp0000015
  • West, C. M. (1995). Mammy, sapphire, and jezebel: Historical images of Black women and their implications for psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 32(3), 458–466. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.32.3.458
  • West, L. M., Donovan, R. A., & Daniel, A. R. (2016). The price of strength: Black college women’s perspectives on the strong Black woman stereotype. Women & Therapy, 39(3–4), 390–412. doi:10.1080/02703149.2016.111687
  • Women’s March on Washington. (2017, January). https://www.womensmarch.com.
  • Woods, K. C., Buchanan, N. T., & Settles, I. H. (2009). Sexual harassment across the color line: Experiences and outcomes of cross-versus intraracial sexual harassment among Black women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 15(1), 67–76. doi:10.1037/a0013541
  • Woods-Giscombé, C. L. (2010). Superwoman schema: African American women’s views on stress, strength, and health. Qualitative Health Research, 20(5), 668–683. doi:10.1177/1049732310361892
  • Young, I. (2004). Five faces of oppression. In L. Heldke & P. O’Connor (Eds.), Oppression, privilege, and resistance: Theoretical perspectives on racism, sexism, and heterosexism (pp. 37–63). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.