Applying Black Feminist Theory to Research, Practice, and Advocacy on Gendered Racism among Black Women

References

• Adames, H. Y., Chavez-Dueñas, N. Y., Lewis, J. A., Neville, H. A., French, B. H., Chen, G. A., & Mosley, D. V. (2023). Radical healing in psychotherapy: Addressing the wounds of racism-related stress and trauma. Psychotherapy, 60(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, M. (2021). Misogynoir Transformed: Black Women’s Digital Resistance. New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beale, F. (1970). Double jeopardy: To be Black and female. In T. Cade (Ed.), The Black woman: An anthology (pp. 90–100). Signet.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant-Davis, T. (2013). Sister friends: A reflection and analysis of the therapeutic role of sisterhood in African American women’s lives. Women & Therapy, 36(1-2), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2012.720906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant-Davis, T. (2019). Multicultural feminist therapy: Helping adolescent girls of color to thrive. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant-Davis, T., & Comas-Díaz, L. (2016). Womanist and Mujerista Psychologies: Voices of Fire, Acts of Courage. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14937-001
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, K., Kheyfets, A., Lawrence, B., Moky, A., Harris, L., Abouhala, S., & Amutah-Onukagha, N. (2022). Examining the Role of Psychosocial Influences on Black Maternal Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 26(4), 764–769. 10.1007/s10995-021-03181-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, E. R. (2020). Demarginalizing women of color in intersectionality scholarship in psychology: A Black feminist critique. Journal of Social Issues, 76(4), 1036–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12413
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L. (2021). “The master’s tools will never dismantle the master’s house”: Ten critical lessons for Black and other health equity researchers of color. Health. Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 48(3), 237–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/10901981211007402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, E. R. (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. The American Psychologist, 64(3), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Combahee River Collective. (1995). Combahee River Collective statement. In B. Guy-Sheftall (Ed.), Words of Fire: An Anthology of African American Feminist Thought (pp. 232–240). New Press. (Original work published 1977)
   Google Scholar
• Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, P. H. (2019). Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory. Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Comas-Díaz, L., Greene, B. (1994). Women of color: Integrating ethnic and gender identities in psychotherapy. The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrines, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 8, 139–167.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K., Ocen, P., & Nanda, J. (2015). Black girls matter: Pushed out, overpoliced, and under protected. African American Policy Forum and Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies. https://www.aapf.org/blackgirlsmatter
   Google Scholar
• Dale, S. K., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Gendered racial microaggressions predict posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cognitions among Black women living with HIV. Psychological Trauma: theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 11(7), 685–694. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essed, P. (1991). Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory. (Vol. 2). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• French, B., Lewis, J., Mosley, D., Adames, H., Chavez-Dueñas, N., Chen, G., & Neville, H. (2020). Toward a psychological framework of radical healing in communities of color. The Counseling Psychologist, 48(1), 14–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000019843506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giddings, P. (1984). When and where I enter: The impact of Black women on race and sex in America. W. Morrow.
   Google Scholar
• Hancock, A. M. (2016). Intersectionality: An intellectual history. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harris-Perry, M. V. (2011). Sister citizen: Shame, stereotypes, and Black women in America: For colored girls who’ve considered politics when being strong isn’t enough. Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• hooks, B. (1981). Ain’t I am Woman? Black Women and Feminism. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, L., Greene, B., (Eds.). (2000). Psychotherapy with African American women: Innovations in psychodynamic perspective and practice. Guilford Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, L. V. (2015). Black feminisms: Renewing sacred healing spaces. Affilia, 30(2), 246–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109914551356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, L. V., & Harris, M. (2019). Developing a Black feminist analysis for mental health practice: From theory to praxis. Women & Therapy, 42(3-4), 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2019.1622908
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M., & Pritchett-Johnson, B. (2018). Invincible Black women": Group therapy for Black college women. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 43(4), 349–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933922.2018.1484536
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landrine, H. (1995). Bringing cultural diversity to feminist psychology: Theory, research, and practice. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10501-000
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. A., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S. A., & Browne Huntt, M. (2016). Ain’t I a Woman? Exploring gendered racial microaggressions experienced by Black women. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(5), 758–780. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000016641193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. A. (2023). Contributions of Black psychology scholars to models of racism and health: Applying intersectionality to center Black women. The American Psychologist, 78(4), 576–588. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. A. (2021). #SayHerName: The impact of gendered racism and misogynoir on the lives of Black women. In K. O. Cokley (Ed.), Making Black Lives Matter: Confronting Anti-Black Racism. (pp. 71–86). Cognella Academic Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. A., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S. A., & Browne Huntt, M. (2013). Coping with gendered racial microaggressions among Black women college students. Journal of African American Studies, 17(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-012-9219-0
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J., & Neville, H. (2015). Construction and initial validation of the gendered racial microaggressions scale for Black women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(2), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. A., & Williams, M. G. (2022). The promise and perils of conducting intersectional feminist research. In K. Richmond, I. Settles, S. Shields, & A. Zelin (Eds.), Feminist Scholars on the Road to Tenure: The Personal is Professional (pp. 11–22). Cognella Academic Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. A., Williams, M. G., Peppers, E., & Gadson, C. A. (2017). Applying intersectionality to explore the relations between gendered racism and health among Black women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 475–486. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, V. M. (2015). Pursuing intersectionality, unsettling dominant imaginaries. : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Moody, A. T., & Lewis, J. A. (2019). Gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms among Black women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 43(2), 201–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684319828288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody, A. T., Lewis, J. A., & Owens, G. (2023). Gendered racism, coping, and traumatic stress among Black women: The moderating roles of the Strong Black Woman schema and womanist attitudes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 47(2), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843221143752
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadal, K. L. (2017). "Let's get in formation": On becoming a psychologist-activist in the 21st century. The American Psychologist, 72(9), 935–946. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Women’s Law Center. (2021). All of the jobs lost in December were women’s jobs. Retrieved from https://nwlc.org/resources/all-of-the-jobs-lost-in-december-were-womens-jobs/
   Google Scholar
• Neal-Barnett, A., Stadulis, R., Murray, M., Payne, M. R., Thomas, A., & Salley, B. B. (2011). Sister circles as a culturally relevant intervention for anxious African American women. Clinical Psychology: a Publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association, 18(3), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2011.01258.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, T., Shahid, N. N., & Cardemil, E. V. (2020). Do I really need to go and see somebody? Black women’s perceptions of help-seeking for depression. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(4), 263–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420931644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirtle, W. N. L., & Wright, T. (2021). Structural gendered racism revealed in pandemic times: Intersectional approaches to understanding race and gender health inequities in COVID-19. Gender & Society, 35(2), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/08912432211001302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, P. T., & Comas-Díaz, L. (1990). Gender and ethnicity: Perspectives on dual status. Sex Roles, 22(7-8), 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00288160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Settles, I. H., Warner, L. R., Buchanan, N. T., & Jones, M. K. (2020). Understanding psychology's resistance to intersectionality theory using a framework of epistemic exclusion and invisibility. Journal of Social Issues, 76(4), 796–813. 10.1111/josi.12403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sue, D. W., Sue, D., Neville, H. A., & Smith, L. (2019). Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice (8th ed.). Wiley Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Szymanski, D. M., & Lewis, J. A. (2016). Gendered racism, coping, identity centrality, and African American college women’s psychological distress. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 229–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315616113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, K.-Y. (2017). How we get free: Black feminism and the Combahee River Collective. Haymarket Books.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, V. G., Miles, S. E., (1995). Psychology of Black Women: Past, present, and future. In H. Landrine (Ed.), Bringing cultural diversity to feminist psychology: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 303–330). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10501-013
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, V. G. (2004). The Psychology of Black Women: Studying Women’s Lives in Context. Journal of Black Psychology, 30(3), 286–306. 10.1177/0095798404266044
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, A. J., Speight, S. L., & Witherspoon, K. M. (2008). Gendered racism, psychological distress, and coping styles of African American women. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(4), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.14.4.307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasquez, M. J. T. (2012). Psychology and social justice: why we do what we do. The American Psychologist, 67(5), 337–346. 10.1037/a0029232 22800101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vera, E. M., & Speight, S. S. (2003). Multicultural competence, social justice, and counseling psychology: Expanding our roles. The Counseling Psychologist, 31(3), 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000003031003001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, A. (1983). In search of our mothers’ gardens: Womanist prose. Harcourt.
   Google Scholar
• Watson-Singleton, N. (2017). Strong Black woman schema and psychological distress: The mediating role of perceived emotional support. Journal of Black Psychology, 43(8), 778–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798417732414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson-Singleton, N. N., Lewis, J. A., & Dworkin, E. R. (2023). Toward a socially just diversity science: Using intersectional mixed methods research to center multiply marginalized Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 29(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M. G., & Lewis, J. A. (2019). Gendered racial microaggressions and depressive symptoms among Black women: A moderated mediation model. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 43(3), 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684319832511
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, M. G., & Lewis, J. A. (2021). Developing a conceptual framework of Black women’s gendered racial identity development. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 45(2), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684320988602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, W., & Jackson, L. (2019). Feminist/womanist/intersectional approaches to interventions with Black girls and women. Women & Therapy, 42(3-4), 226–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2019.1622907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods-Giscombé, C. L., & Black, A. R. (2010). Mind-body interventions to reduce risk for health disparities related to stress and strength among African American women: The potential of mindfulness-based stress reduction, loving-kindness, and the NTU therapeutic framework. Complementary Health Practice Review, 15(3), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110386776
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woods-Giscombé, C. L., Allen, A. M., Black, A. R., Steed, T. C., Li, Y., & Lackey, C. (2019). The Giscombé Superwoman Schema Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and associations with mental health and health behaviors in African American women. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 40(8), 672–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2019.1584654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, L. N., & Lewis, J. A. (2020). Is physical activity a buffer? Gendered racial microaggressions and anxiety among African American women. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(2-3), 122–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798420929112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar