887
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effects of outdoor education stream classes on substrate movement and macroinvertebrate colonization

ORCID Icon &
Pages 727-740 | Received 02 Jun 2017, Accepted 05 Nov 2017, Published online: 30 Nov 2017

References

  • Bossley JP. 2016. Environmental impact from outdoor/environmental education programs: effects of frequent stream classes on aquatic macroinvertebrates [dissertation]. Columbus (OH): The Ohio State University.
  • Boulton AJ, Peterson CG, Grimm NB, Fisher SG. 1992. Stability of an aquatic macroinvertebrate community in a multiyear hydrologic disturbance regime. Ecology. 73:2192–2207.
  • Bretz F, Hothorn T, Westfall P. 2010. Multiple comparisons using R. Boca Raton (FL): Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.
  • Caires AM, Vinson MR, Brasher AMD. 2010. Impacts of hikers on aquatic macroinvertebrates in the North Fork of the Virgin River, Utah. Southwest Nat. 55:551–557.
  • Clifford HF. 1982. Effects of periodically disturbing a small area of substratum in a brown-water stream of Alberta, Canada. Freshw Invertebr Biol. 1:39–47.
  • Cobb DG, Galloway TD, Flanagan JF. 1992. Effects of discharge and substrate stability on density and species composition of stream insects. Can J Fisheries Aquat Sci. 49:1788–1795.
  • Death RG. 1996. The effect of patch disturbance on stream invertebrate community structure: the influence of disturbance history. Oecologia. 08:567–576.
  • Death RG. 2002. Predicting invertebrate diversity from disturbance regimes in forest streams. Oikos. 97:18–30.
  • Death RG. 2003. Spatial patterns in lotic invertebrate community composition: is substrate disturbance actually important? Can J Fisheries Aquat Sci. 60:603–611.
  • Death RG, Winterbourn MJ. 1994. Environmental stability and community persistence: a multivariate perspective. J North American Benthol Soc. 13:125–139.
  • Doeg TJ, Lake PS, Marchant R. 1989. Colonization of experimentally disturbed patches by stream macroinvertebrates in the Acheron River, Victoria. Aust J Ecol. 14:207–220.
  • Downes BJ, Lake PS, Glaister A, Webb JA. 1998. Scales and frequencies of disturbances: rock size, bed packing and variation among upland streams. Freshwater Biol. 40:625–639.
  • Elliott AG, Hubert WA, Anderson SH. 1997. Habitat associations and effects of urbanization on macroinvertebrates of a small, high-plains stream. J Freshw Ecol. 12:61–73.
  • Erman DC, Erman NA. 1984. The response of stream macroinvertebrates to substrate size and heterogeneity. Hydrobiologia. 108:75–82.
  • Falk JH. 1974. Estimating experimenter-induced bias in field studies: a cautionary tale. Oikos. 25:374–378.
  • Firehock K, Marshall L, Pinto I. 1995. Hands on save our streams: the save our streams teacher's manual. Gaithersburg (MD): Izaak Walton League of America.
  • Giglio VJ, Osmar JL, Schiavetti A. 2016. Recreational diver behavior and contacts with benthic organisms in the Abrolhos National Marine Park, Brazil. Environ Manag. 57:637–648.
  • Gjerlov C, Hildrew AG, Jones JI. 2003. Mobility of stream invertebrates in relation to disturbance and refugia: a test of habitat templet theory. J North American Benthol Soc. 22:207–223.
  • Gore JA, Milner AM. 1990. Island biogeographical theory: can it be used to predict lotic recovery rates? Environ Manag. 14:737–753.
  • Guo T, Smith JW, Leung YF, Seekamp E, Moore RL. 2015. Determinants of responsible hiking behavior: results from a stated choice experiment. Environ Manag. 56:765–776.
  • Laing KD. 2008. Impacts of human physical disturbance on benthic communities in tributaries of the Niobrara national scenic river [thesis]. Lincoln (NE): University of Nebraska.
  • Lee TH, Jan FH. 2015. The effects of recreation experience, environmental attitude, and biospheric value on the environmentally responsible behavior of nature-based tourists. Environ Manag. 56:193–208.
  • Matthaei CD, Arbuckle CJ, Townsend CR. 2000. Stable surface stones as refugia for invertebrates during disturbance in a New Zealand stream. J North American Benthol Soc. 19:82–93.
  • Matthaei CD, Uehlinger U, Meyer EI, Frutiger A. 1996. Recolonization by benthic invertebrates after experimental disturbance in a Swiss prealpine river. Freshw Biol. 35:233–248.
  • Matthaei CD, Townsend CR. 2000. Long-term effects of local disturbance history on mobile stream invertebrates. Oecologia. 125:119–126.
  • McCabe DJ, Gotelli NJ. 2000. Effects of disturbance frequency, intensity, and area on assemblages of stream macroinvertebrates. Oecologia. 124:270–279.
  • Minshall GW. 1984. Aquatic insect-substratum relationships. In: Resh VH, Rosenberg DM, editors. The ecology of aquatic insects. New York (NY): Praeger Publishers; p. 358–400.
  • Priskin J. 2003. Tourist perceptions of degradation caused by coastal nature-based recreation. Environ Manag. 32:189–204.
  • R Core Team. 2015. R (version 3.2.3): a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna (AT): R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • Reice SR. 1985. Experimental disturbance and the maintenance of species diversity in a stream community. Oecologia. 67:90–97.
  • Robinson CT, Minshall GW. 1986. Effects of disturbance frequency on stream benthic community structure in relation to canopy cover and season. J North American Benthol Soc. 5:237–248.
  • Robinson CT, Blaser S, Jolidon C, Shama LNS. 2011. Scales of patchiness in the response of lotic macroinvertebrates to disturbance in a regulated river. J North American Benthol Soc. 30:374–385.
  • Roche RC, Harvey CV, Harvey JJ, Kavanaugh AP, McDonald M, Stein-Rostaing VR, Turner JR. 2016. Recreational diving impacts on coral reefs and the adoption of environmentally responsible practices within the SCUBA diving industry. Environ Manag. 58:107–116.
  • Rosgen D. 1996. Applied river morphology. Pagosa Springs (CO): Wildland Hydrology.
  • Santos GS, Burgo DC, Lira SMA, Schwamborn R. 2015. The impact of trampling on reef macrobenthos in northeastern Brazil: how effective are current conservation strategies? Environ Manage. 56:847–858.
  • Stanley EH, Powers SM, Lottig NR. 2010. The evolving legacy of disturbance in stream ecology: concepts, contributions, and coming challenges. J North American Benthol Soc. 29:67–83.
  • Townsend CR, Scarsbrook MR, Doledec S. 1997. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis, refugia, and biodiversity in streams. Limnol Oceanogr. 42:938–949.
  • Voshell JR Jr 2002. A guide to common freshwater invertebrates of North America. Blacksburg (VA): McDonald and Woodward.
  • Wall G. 1997. Is ecotourism sustainable? Environ Manag. 21:483–491.
  • Weston MA, Schlacher TA, Lynn D. 2014. Pro-environmental beach driving is uncommon and ineffective in reducing disturbance to beach-dwelling birds. Environ Manag. 53:999–1004.
  • Wright KK, Li JL. 1998. Effects of recreational activities on the distribution of Dicosmoecus gilvipes in a mountain stream. J North American Benthol Soc. 17:535–543.
  • Zuur AF, Ieno EN, Walker NJ, Saveliev AA, Dmith GM. 2009. Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R. New York (NY): Springer-Verlag.