178
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

L-Carnitine Protects Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Damage

, , &
Pages 575-584 | Received 12 Nov 2006, Accepted 21 Mar 2007, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • Alagoz G, Celiker U, IIhan N, Yekeler H, Demir T, Celiker H. L-carnitine in experimental retinal Ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ophthalmologica 2002; 216: 144–150
  • Marshall J. Radiation and the aging eye. Ophthal Physiol Optics 1985; 5: 241–263, Nephron. 2001;88(3):218–223
  • Winkler B, Boulton M E, Gottsch J, Sternberg P. Oxidative damage and age related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 1999; 5: 32
  • Weigund R, Jose J, Rapp L, . Free radicals and damage to ocular tissues. Free Radicals in Molecular Biology, Sgeing and Disease, D Armstrong, R Sohal, R Cutler, T Slater, et al. CRC Press, Boca Raton 1994; 317–353
  • Boulton M. Ageing of the retinal pigment epithelium. Progress in Retinal Research, N Osborne, G Chader. Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York 1991; 125–151
  • Bremer J. Carnitine in intermediary metabolism. The metabolism of fatty acid esters of carnitine by mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1962; 237: 3628–3632
  • Virmani A, Gaetani F, Imam S, Binienda Z, Ali S. The protective role of L-carnitine against neurotoxicity evoked by drug of abuse, methamphetamine, could be related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 965: 225–232
  • Garcia C L, Filippi S, Mosesso P, et al. The protective effect of L-carnitine in peripheral blood human lymphocytes exposed to oxidative agents. Mutagenesis 2006; 21(1)21–27
  • Kiziltunc A, Cogalgil S, Cerrahoglu L. Carnitine and antioxidants levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1998; 27(6)441–445
  • Calo L A, Pagnin E, Da vis P A, et al. Antioxidant effect of L-carnitine and its short chain esters: relevance for the protection from oxidative stress related cardiovascular damage. Int J Cardiol 2006; 107(1)54–60
  • Sener G, Eksioglu-Demiralp E, Cetiner M, et al. L-Carnitine ameliorates methotrexate-induced oxidative organ injury and inhibits leukocyte death. Cell Biol Toxicol 2006; 22(1)47–60
  • Abd-Allah A R, Al-Majed A A, Al-Yahya A A, Fouda S I, Al-Shabana O A. L-Carnitine halts apoptosis and myelosuppression induced by carboplatin in rat bone marrow cell cultures (BMC). Arch Toxicol 2005; 79(7)406–413
  • Rebrin I, Zicker S, Wedekind K J, Paetau-Robinson I, Packer L, Sohal R S. Effect of antioxidant-enriched diets on glutathione redox status in tissue homogenates and mitochondria of the senescence-accelerated mouse. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39(4)549–557
  • Karanth J, Jeevaratnam K. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in rat blood, liver and muscle: effect of dietary lipid, carnitine and exercise. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2005; 75(5)333–339
  • Pessotto P, Valeri P, Arrigoni-Martelli E. The presence of L-carnitine in ocular tissues of the rabbit. J Ocul Pharmacol 1994; 10(4)643–651
  • Pettorossi V E, Draicchio F, Fernandez E, Pallini R. The influence of L-acetylcarnitine on reinnervation of the oculomotor nerve. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1993; 13(3)193–199
  • Peluso G, Petillo O, Barbarisi A, et al. Carnitine protects the molecular chaperone activity of lens alpha-crystallin and decreases the post-translational protein modifications induced by oxidative stress. FASEB J 2001; 15(9)1604–1606
  • Swamy-Mruthinti S, Carter A L. Acetyl-L-carnitine decreases glycation of lens proteins: in vitro studies. Exp Eye Res 1999; 69(1)109–115
  • Beatty S, Koh H, Phil M, Henson D, Boulton M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2000; 45(2)115–134
  • Feher J, Papale A, Mannino G, Gualdi L, Balacco Gabrieli C. Mitotropic compounds for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The metabolic approach and a pilot study. Ophthalmologica 2003; 217(5)351–357
  • Hogg R, Chakravarthy U. AMD and micronutrient antioxidants. Curr Eye Res 2004; 29(6)387–401
  • Feher J, Kovacs B, Kovacs I, Schveoller M, Papale A, Balacco Gabrieli C. Improvement of visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. Ophthalmologica 2005; 219(3)154–166
  • Available at http://www.diagnose-me.com/treat/T79010.html#H9
  • Dal Negro R, Turco P, Pomari C, De Conti F. Effects of L-carnitine on physical performance in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1988; 26: 269–272
  • Arockia Rani P J, Panneerselvam C. Carnitine as a free radical scavenger in aging. Exp Gerontol 2001; 36(10)1713–1726
  • Boulton M E, Marshall J, Mellario J. Retinitis pigmentosa: a preliminary report on tissue culture studies of retinal pigment epithelial cells from eight affected human eyes. Exp Eye Res. 1983; 37: 307–313
  • Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxic assays. J Immunol Meth 1983; 65: 55–63
  • Cui X L, Lou M F. The effect and recovery of long tern H2O2 exposure on lens morphology and biochemistry. Exp Eye Res 1993; 57: 157–167
  • Ewing J F, Janero D R. Microplate superoxide dismutase assay employing a non-enzymatic superoxide generator. Anal Biochem 1995; 232: 243–248
  • Demirdag K, Bahcecioglu I H, Ozercan I H, Ozden M, Yilmaz S, Kalkan A. Role of L-carnitine in the prevention of acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 19(3)333–338
  • Lu L, Hackett S F, Mincey A, Lai H, Campochiaro P A. Effects of different types of oxidative stress in RPE cells. J Cell Physiol. 2006; 206(1)119–125
  • Chang B, Nishikawa M, Sato E, Utsumi K, Inoue M. L-Carnitine inhibits cisplatin-induced injury of the kidney and small intestine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 405(1)55–64
  • Sachan D S, Hongu N, Johnsen M. Decreasing oxidative stress with choline and carnitine in women. J Am Coll Nutr 2005; 24(3)172–176
  • Ng W T, Goggin M. Awareness of and compliance with recommended dietary supplement among age-related macular degeneration patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 34(1)9–14
  • Kocer I, Kulacoglu D, Altuntas I, Gundogdu C, Gullulu G. Protection of the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury by L-carnitine in guinea pigs. Eur J Ophthalmol 2003; 3(1)80–85
  • Rajasekar P, Kaviarasan S, Anuradha V. L-carnitine administration prevents oxidative stress in high fructose-fed insulin resistant rats. Diabetologia Croatica 2005; 34(1)21–28
  • Miceli M V, Liles M R, Newsome D A. Evaluation of oxidative processes in human pigment epithelial cells associated with retinal outer segment phagocytosis. Exp Cell Res 1994; 214(1)242–249
  • Rikans L E, Hornbrook K R. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant protection and aging. Biochem Biophys Acta 1997; 1362: 116–127
  • Pansarasa O, Bertorelli L, Vecchiet J, Felzani G, Marzatico F. Age-dependent changes of antioxidant activities and markers of free radical damage in human skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27: 617–622
  • Melov S, Ravenscroft J, Malik S, et al. Extension of life-span with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics. Science 2000; 289: 1567–1569
  • Parkes T L, Elia A J, Dickinson D, Hilliker A J, Phillips J P, Boulianne G L. Extension of drosophila lifespan by overexpression of human SOD1 in motoneurons. Nat Genet 1998; 19: 171–174
  • Newsome D A, Miceli M V, Liles M R, Tate D J, Jr., Oliver P D. Antioxidants in the retinal pigment epithelium. Prog. Retinal Eye Res 1994; 13: 101–123
  • Liles M R, Newsome D A, Oliver P D. Antioxidant enzymes in the aging human retinal pigment epithelium. Arch Ophthalmol 1991; 109: 1285–1288
  • Ohira A, Tanito M, Kaidzu S, Kondo T. Glutathione peroxidase induced in rat retinas to counteract photic injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 1230–1236
  • Davidson P C, Sternberg P, Jr., Jones D P, Reed R L. Synthesis and transport of glutathione by cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35(6)2843–2849
  • Kumaran S, Savitha S, Anus uya Devi M, Panneerselvam C. L-carnitine and DL-alpha-lipoic acid reverse the age-related deficit in glutathione redox state in skeletal muscle and heart tissues. Mech Ageing Dev 2004; 125(7)507–512
  • Shamsi F A, Boulton M. Inhibition of lysosomal and antioxidant enzyme activity by the age pigment lipofuscin. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001; 42: 3041–3046
  • Tate D J, Jr., Miceli M V, Newsome D A. Zinc protects against oxidative damage in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26(5-6)704–713
  • Falsini B, Porciatti V, Bolzani R, Marchionni A. Spatial-frequency-dependent changes in the human pattern electroretinogram after acute acetyl-L-carnitine administration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1991; 229(3)262–266
  • Lowitt S, Malone J I, Salem A, Kozak W M, Orfalian Z. Acetyl-L-carnitine corrects electroretinographic deficits in experimental diabetes. Diabetes 1993; 42(8)1115–1158

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.