112
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Increased Retinal Blood Flow in Patients with Active Graves' Ophthalmopathy

, , , , &
Pages 985-990 | Received 11 Jun 2007, Accepted 14 Sep 2007, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • Prabhakar B S, Bahn R S, Smith T J. Current perspective on the pathogenesis of Graves' disease and ophthalmopathy. Endocr Rev. 2003; 24: 802–835
  • Alimgil M L, Benian O, Esgin H, Erda S. Ocular pulse amplitude in patients with Graves' disease: a preliminary study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999; 77: 694–696
  • Alp M N, Ozgen A, Can I, Cakar P, Gunalp I. Colour Doppler imaging of the orbital vasculature in Graves' disease with computed tomographic correlation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000; 84: 1027–1030
  • Benning H, Lieb W, Kahaly G, Grehn F. Color duplex ultrasound findings in patients with endocrine orbitopathy. Ophthalmologe. 1994; 91: 20–25
  • Hartmann K, Meyer-Schwickerath R. Measurement of venous outflow pressure in the central retinal vein to evaluate intraorbital pressure in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a preliminary report. Strabismus. 2000; 8: 187–193
  • Kurioka Y, Inaba M, Kawagishi T, Emoto M, Kumeda Y, Inoue Y, et al. Increased retinal blood flow in patients with Graves' disease: influence of thyroid function and ophthalmopathy. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001; 144: 99–107
  • Li H, Liu Y H, Li D H, Zhang Y. Value of measurements of blood flow velocity in central retinal artery in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2004; 26: 460–462
  • Tsai C C, Kau H C, Kao S C, Lin M W, Hsu W M, Liu J H, Wei Y H. Pulsatile ocular blood flow in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Eye. 2005; 19: 159–162
  • Somer D, Ozkan S B, Ozdemir H, Atilla S, Soylev M F, Duman S. Colour Doppler imaging of superior ophthalmic vein in thyroid-associated eye disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2002; 46: 341–345
  • Logan J F, Rankin S J, Jackson A J. Retinal blood flow measurements and neuroretinal rim damage in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004; 88: 1049–1054
  • Remsch H, Spraul C W, Lang G K, Lang G E. Changes of retinal capillary blood flow in age-related maculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000; 238: 960–964
  • Cuypers M H, Kasanardjo J S, Polak B C. Retinal blood flow changes in diabetic retinopathy measured with the Heidelberg scanning laser Doppler flowmeter. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000; 238: 935–941
  • Bartley G B, Fatourechi V, Kadrmas E F, Jacobsen S J, Ilstrup D M, Garrity J A, Gorman C A. The incidence of Graves' ophthalmopathy in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Ophthalmol 1995; 120: 511–517
  • Prummel M F, Suttorp-Schulten M S, Wiersinga W M, Verbeek A M, Mourits M P, Koornneef L. A new ultrasonographic method to detect disease activity and predict response to immunosuppressive treatment in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology. 1993; 100: 556–561
  • Ossoinig K C. The role of standardized ophthalmic ecography in the management of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Dev Ophthalmol. 1989; 20: 28–37
  • Michelson G, Welzenbach J, Pal I, Harazny J. Automatic full field analysis of perfusion images gained by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998; 82: 1294–1300
  • Hochberg Y. A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 1988; 75: 800–803
  • Klein I. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. American Journal of Medicine. 1990; 88: 631–637
  • Morikawa Y, Morikawa A, Makino I. Relationship of thyroid states and serum thrombomodulin (TM) levels in patients with Graves' disease: TM, a possible new marker of the peripheral activity of thyroid hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993; 76: 609–614
  • Donnini D, Ambesi-Impiombato F S, Curcio F. Thyrotropin stimulates production of procoagulant and vasodilative factors in human aortic endothelial cells. Thyroid. 2003; 13: 517–521
  • Delaey C, Van De Voorde J. Regulatory mechanisms in the retinal and choroidal circulation. Ophthalmic Res. 2000; 32: 249–256
  • Nugent R A, Belkin R I, Neigel J M, Rootman J, Robertson W D, Spinelli J, Graeb D. Graves' orbitopathy: correlation of CT and clinical findings. Radiology 1990; 177: 675–682
  • Wong T Y, Mitchell P. The eye in hypertension. Lancet. 2007; 369: 425–435
  • Kikkawa D O, Cruz R C, Jr., Christian W K, Rikkers S, Weinreb R N, Levi L, Granet D B. Botulinum A toxin injection for restrictive myopathy of thyroid-related orbitopathy: effects on intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003; 135: 427–431
  • Ohtsuka K. Intraocular pressure and proptosis in 95 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997; 124: 570–572
  • Ludgate M, Baker G. Inducing Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004; 27: 211–215

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.