112
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Grading System for Standardized Corneal Evaluation: Application to Toxic-Induced Damage in Rat

, , , , &
Pages 826-838 | Received 14 Feb 2008, Accepted 31 Jul 2008, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • Draize J H, Woodward G, Calvery H O. Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1944; 82: 377–390
  • Wilhelmus K R. The Draize eye test. Surv Ophthalmol 2001; 45: 493–515
  • Freeberg F E, Nixon G A, Reer P J, et al. Human and rabbit eye responses to chemical insult. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1986; 7: 626–634
  • Bruner L H, Parker R D, Bruce R D. Reducing the number of rabbits in the low-volume eye test. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992; 19: 330–335
  • Maurer J K, Li H F, Petroll W M, Parker R D, Cavanagh H D, Jester J V. Confocal microscopic characterization of initial corneal changes of surfactant-induced eye irritation in the rabbit. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 143: 291–300
  • Jester J V, Petroll W M, Bean J, et al. Area and depth of surfactant-induced corneal injury predicts extent of subsequent ocular responses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39: 2610–2625
  • Bochert R, Zhivov A, Kraak R, Stave J, Guthoff R F. Contribution to comprehension of image formation in confocal microscopy of cornea with Rostock cornea module. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 1351–1355
  • Labbe A, Liang H, Martin C, Brignole-Baudouin F, Warnet J M, Baudouin C. Comparative anatomy of laboratory animal corneas with a new-generation high-resolution in vivo confocal microscope. Curr Eye Res 2006; 31: 501–509
  • Liang H, Baudouin C, Labbe A, et al. In vivo confocal microscopy and ex vivo flow cytometry: New tools for assessing ocular inflammation applied to rabbit lipopolysaccharide-induced conjunctivitis. Mol Vis 2006; 12: 1392–1402
  • Liang H, Brignole-Baudouin F, Labbe A, Pauly A, Warnet J M, Baudouin C. LPS-stimulated inflammation and apoptosis in corneal injury models. Mol Vis 2007; 13: 1169–1180
  • Pauly A, Brignole-Baudouin F, Labbe A, Liang H, Warnet J M, Baudouin C. New tools for the evaluation of toxic ocular surface changes in the rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 5473–5483
  • Gasset A R, Ishii Y, Kaufman H E, Miller T. Cytotoxicity of ophthalmic preservatives. Am J Ophthalmol 1974; 78: 98–105
  • Pfister R R, Burstein N. The effects of ophthalmic drugs, vehicles, and preservatives on corneal epithelium: A scanning electron microscope study. Invest Ophthalmol 1976; 15: 246–259
  • Burstein N L, Klyce S D. Electrophysiologic and morphologic effects of ophthalmic preparations on rabbit cornea epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1977; 16: 899–911
  • Ichijima H, Petroll W M, Jester J V, Cavanagh H D. Confocal microscopic studies of living rabbit cornea treated with benzalkonium chloride. Cornea 1992; 11: 221–225
  • Jester J V, Maurer J K, Petroll W M, Wilkie D A, Parker R D, Cavanagh H D. Application of in vivo confocal microscopy to the understanding of surfactant-induced ocular irritation. Toxicol Pathol 1996; 24: 412–428
  • Burstein N L. Preservative cytotoxic threshold for benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate in cat and rabbit corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980; 19: 308–313
  • Labbé A, Pauly A, Liang H, et al. Comparison of toxicological profiles of benzalkonium chloride and polyquaternium-1: An experimental study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006; 22(4)267–278
  • Kennah H E, II, Hignet S, Laux P E, Dorko J D, Barrow C S. An objective procedure for quantitating eye irritation based upon changes of corneal thickness. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1989; 12: 258–268
  • Maurer J K, Parker R D. Light microscopic comparison of surfactant-induced eye irritation in rabbits and rats at three hours and recovery/day 35. Toxicol Pathol 1996; 24: 403–411
  • Doughty M J. Twice-daily use of a chlorobutanol-preserved artificial tear on rabbit corneal epithelium assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Ophthal Physiol Opt 1992; 12(4)457–466
  • Doucet O, Lanvin M, Thillou C, et al. Reconstituted human corneal epithelium: A new alternative to the Draize eye test for the assessment of the eye irritation potential of chemicals and cosmetic products. Toxicol In Vitro 2006; 20: 499–512
  • Germain L, Auger F A, Grandbois E, et al. Reconstructed human cornea produced in vitro by tissue engineering. Pathobiology 1999; 67: 140–147

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.