References
- Johnson JE, Barde YA, Schwab M, Thoenen H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor supports the survival of cultured rat retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci. 1986;6(10):3031–3038.
- Quigley HA, McKinnon SJ, Zack DJ, Pease ME, Kerrigan-Baumrind LA, Kerrigan DF, Mitchell RS. Retrograde axonal transport of BDNF in retinal ganglion cells is blocked by acute IOP elevation in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:3460–3466.
- Almasieh M, Wilson AM, Morquette B, Cueva Vargas JL, Di Polo A. The molecular basis of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2012;31(2):152–181. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.11.002.
- Johnson TV, Bull ND, Martin KR. Neurotrophic factor delivery as a protective treatment for glaucoma. Exp Eye Res. 2011;93(2):196–203. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2010.05.016.
- Mysona BA, Zhao J, Bollinger KE. Role of BDNF/TrkB pathway in the visual system: therapeutic implications for glaucoma. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2017;12(1):69–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2017.1259566.
- Meyer-Franke A, Kaplan MR, Pfrieger FW, Barres BA. Characterization of the signaling interactions that promote the survival and growth of developing retinal ganglion cells in culture. Neuron. 1995;15(4):805–819. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90172-8.
- Hu Y, Cho S, Goldberg JL. Neurotrophic effect of a novel TrkB agonist on retinal ganglion cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(3):1747–1754. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4450.
- Bai Y, Xu J, Brahimi F, Zhuo Y, Sarunic MV, Saragovi HU. An agonistic TrkB mAb causes sustained trkb activation, delays RGC death, and protects the retinal structure in optic nerve axotomy and in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(9):4722–4731. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-5032.
- Poduslo JF, Curran GL. Permeability at the blood-brain and blood-nerve barriers of the neurotrophic factors: NGF, CNTF, NT-3, BDNF. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1996;36(2):280–286.
- Falavarjani KG, Nguyen QD. Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: a review of literature. Eye (Lond). 2013;27(7):787–794. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2013.107.
- Massa SM, Yang T, Xie Y, Shi J, Bilgen M, Joyce JN, Nehama D, Rajadas J, Longo FM. Small molecule BDNF mimetics activate TrkB signaling and prevent neuronal degeneration in rodents. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(5):1774–1785. doi:https://doi.org/10.1172/jci41356.
- Han J, Pollak J, Yang T, Siddiqui MR, Doyle KP, Taravosh-Lahn K, Cekanaviciute E, Han A, Goodman JZ, Jones B, et al. Delayed administration of a small molecule tropomyosin-related kinase B ligand promotes recovery after hypoxic-ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2012;43(7):1918–1924. doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.111.641878.
- Yu G, Wang W. Protective effects of LM22A-4 on injured spinal cord nerves.Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(6):6526–6532.
- Gu F, Parada I, Yang T, Longo FM, Prince DA. Partial TrkB receptor activation suppresses cortical epileptogenesis through actions on parvalbumin interneurons. Neurobiology of disease. 2018;113:45–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.018.
- Schmid DA, Yang T, Ogier M, Adams I, Mirakhur Y, Wang Q, Massa SM, Longo FM, Katz DM. A trkb small molecule partial agonist rescues TrkB phosphorylation deficits and improves respiratory function in a mouse model of rett syndrome. J Neurosci. 2012;32(5):1803–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0865-11.2012.
- Kron M, Lang M, Adams IT, Sceniak M, Longo F, Katz DM. A BDNF loop-domain mimetic acutely reverses spontaneous apneas and respiratory abnormalities during behavioral arousal in a mouse model of rett syndrome. Dis Model Mech. 2014;7(9):1047–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.016030.
- Nomura T, Musial TF, Marshall JJ, Zhu Y, Remmers CL, Xu J, Nicholson DA, Contractor A. Delayed maturation of fast-spiking interneurons is rectified by activation of the TrkB receptor in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome. J Neurosci. 2017;37(47):11298–310. doi:https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2893-16.2017.
- Simmons DA, Belichenko NP, Yang T, Condon C, Monbureau M, Shamloo M, Jing D, Massa SM, Longo FM. A small molecule trkb ligand reduces motor impairment and neuropathology in r6/2 and bachd mouse models of huntington’s disease. J Neurosci. 2013;33(48):18712–18727. doi:https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1310-13.2013.
- Hayreh SS. Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Iii. Treatment, prophylaxis, and differential diagnosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1974;58(12):981–989.
- Arnold AC. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Semin Ophthalmol. 1995;10(3):221–233.
- McLeod D, Marshall J, Kohner EM. Role of axoplasmic transport in the pathophysiology of ischaemic disc swelling. Br J Ophthalmol. 1980;64(4):247–261.
- Hayreh SS. Ischemic optic neuropathy. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2009;28(1):34–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.11.002.
- Bernstein SL, Guo Y, Kelman SE, Flower RW, Johnson MA. Functional and cellular responses in a novel rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44(10):4153–4162.
- Goldenberg-Cohen N, Guo Y, Margolis F, Cohen Y, Miller NR, Bernstein SL. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction after induction of experimental anterior optic nerve ischemia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(8):2716–2725. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.04-0547.
- Pangratz-Fuehrer S, Kaur K, Ousman SS, Steinman L, Liao YJ. Functional rescue of experimental ischemic optic neuropathy with alphab-crystallin. Eye (Lond). 2011;25(6):809–817. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2011.42.
- Ho JK, Stanford MP, Shariati MA, Dalal R, Liao YJ. Optical coherence tomography study of experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and histologic confirmation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(9):5981–5988. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-12419.
- Lee GH, Stanford MP, Shariati MA, Ma JH, Liao YJ. Severe, early axonal degeneration following experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(11):7111–7118. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14603.
- Yu C, Ho JK, Liao YJ. Subretinal fluid is common in experimental non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Eye (Lond). 2014;28(12):1494–1501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2014.220.
- Shariati MA, Park JH, Liao YJ. Optical coherence tomography study of retinal changes in normal aging and after ischemia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(5):2790–2797. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-15145.
- Huettner JE, Baughman RW. Primary culture of identified neurons from the visual cortex of postnatal rats. J Neurosci. 1986;6(10):3044–3060. doi:https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-10-03044.1986.
- Meyer-Franke A, Wilkinson GA, Kruttgen A, Hu M, Munro E, Hanson MG Jr., Reichardt LF, Barres BA. Depolarization and camp elevation rapidly recruit trkb to the plasma membrane of cns neurons. Neuron. 1998;21(4):681–693. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80586-3.
- Bernstein SL, Johnson MA, Miller NR. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (naion) and its experimental models. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2011;30(3):167–187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.02.003.
- Fischer MD, Huber G, Beck SC, Tanimoto N, Muehlfriedel R, Fahl E, Grimm C, Wenzel A, Reme CE, van de Pavert SA, et al. Noninvasive, in vivo assessment of mouse retinal structure using optical coherence tomography. PLoS One. 2009;4(10):e7507. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007507.
- Huber G, Beck SC, Grimm C, Sahaboglu-Tekgoz A, Paquet-Durand F, Wenzel A, Humphries P, Redmond TM, Seeliger MW, Fischer MD. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in mouse models of retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(12):5888–5895. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-3724.
- Guo L, Normando EM, Nizari S, Lara D, Cordeiro MF. Tracking longitudinal retinal changes in experimental ocular hypertension using the cslo and spectral domain-oct. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(12):6504–6513. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-5551.
- Rosch S, Johnen S, Muller F, Pfarrer C, Walter P. Correlations between erg, oct, and anatomical findings in the rd10 mouse. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:874751. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/874751.
- Fortune B, Cull GA, Burgoyne CF. Relative course of retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence and thickness and retinal function changes after optic nerve transection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(10):4444–4452. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2255.
- Nakano N, Ikeda HO, Hangai M, Muraoka Y, Toda Y, Kakizuka A, Yoshimura N. Longitudinal and simultaneous imaging of retinal ganglion cells and inner retinal layers in a mouse model of glaucoma induced by n-methyl-d-aspartate. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(12):8754–8762. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-6654.
- Hein K, Gadjanski I, Kretzschmar B, Lange K, Diem R, Sattler MB, Bahr M. An optical coherence tomography study on degeneration of retinal nerve fiber layer in rats with autoimmune optic neuritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;53(1):157–63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8092.
- Nadal-Nicolas FM, Jimenez-Lopez M, Sobrado-Calvo P, Nieto-Lopez L, Canovas-Martinez I, Salinas-Navarro M, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo M. Brn3a as a marker of retinal ganglion cells: qualitative and quantitative time course studies in naive and optic nerve-injured retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(8):3860–3868. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-3267.
- Thanos S, Bahr M, Barde YA, Vanselow J. Survival and axonal elongation of adult rat retinal ganglion cells. Eur J Neurosci. 1989;1:19–26.
- Cohen-Cory S, Fraser SE. Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on optic axon branching and remodelling in vivo. Nature. 1995;378(6553):192–196. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/378192a0.
- Mansour-Robaey S, Clarke DB, Wang YC, Bray GM, Aguayo AJ. Effects of ocular injury and administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on survival and regrowth of axotomized retinal ganglion cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:1632–1636.
- Weber AJ, Viswanathan S, Ramanathan C, Harman CD. Combined application of bdnf to the eye and brain enhances ganglion cell survival and function in the cat after optic nerve injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(1):327–334. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-3740.
- Wang Y, Brown DP, Jr., Duan Y, Kong W, Watson BD, Goldberg JL. A novel rodent model of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. JAMA ophthalmol. 2013;131(2):194–204. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamaophthalmol.271.
- Weber AJ, Harman CD. Bdnf preserves the dendritic morphology of alpha and beta ganglion cells in the cat retina after optic nerve injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(6):2456–2463. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-1325.
- Feng L, Puyang Z, Chen H, Liang P, Troy JB, Liu X. Overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects large retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush in mice. eNeuro. 2017;4(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0331-16.2016.
- Gao H, Hollyfield JG. Aging of the human retina. Differential loss of neurons and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33(1):1–17.
- Guo D, Hou X, Zhang H, Sun W, Zhu L, Liang J, Jiang X. More expressions of BDNF and TrkB in multiple hepatocellular carcinoma and anti-BDNF or K252a induced apoptosis, supressed invasion of HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011;30:97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-9966-30-97.
- Wang C, Bomberg E, Billington CJ, Levine AS, Kotz CM. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus increases energy expenditure. Brain Res. 2010;1336:66–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.013.
- Rudzinski M, Wong TP, Saragovi HU. Changes in retinal expression of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors induced by ocular hypertension. J Neurobiol. 2004;58(3):341–354. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/neu.10293.
- Pease ME, McKinnon SJ, Quigley HA, Kerrigan-Baumrind LA, Zack DJ. Obstructed axonal transport of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41(3):764–774.
- Glovinsky Y, Quigley HA, Dunkelberger GR. Retinal ganglion cell loss is size dependent in experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991;32(3):484–491.
- Pernet V, Di Polo A. Synergistic action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lens injury promotes retinal ganglion cell survival, but leads to optic nerve dystrophy in vivo. Brain. 2006;129(Pt 4):1014–1026. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl015.
- Leaver SG, Cui Q, Plant GW, Arulpragasam A, Hisheh S, Verhaagen J, Harvey AR. AAV-mediated expression of CNTF promotes long-term survival and regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cells. Gene Ther. 2006;13(18):1328–1341. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302791.
- Di Polo A, Aigner LJ, Dunn RJ, Bray GM, Aguayo AJ. Prolonged delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by adenovirus-infected muller cells temporarily rescues injured retinal ganglion cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95(7):3978–3983.
- Clarke DB, Bray GM, Aguayo AJ. Prolonged administration of NT-4/5 fails to rescue most axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats. Vision Res. 1998;38(10):1517–1524.
- Chen H, Weber AJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduces TrkB protein and mRNA in the normal retina and following optic nerve crush in adult rats. Brain Res. 2004;1011(1):99–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.024.
- Shen H, Chung JM, Chung K. Expression of neurotrophin mRNAs in the dorsal root ganglion after spinal nerve injury. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1999;64(2):186–192. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00314-3.
- Chao MV, Bothwell M. Neurotrophins: to cleave or not to cleave. Neuron. 2002;33(1):9–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00573-6.
- Goldberg JL, Klassen MP, Hua Y, Barres BA. Amacrine-signaled loss of intrinsic axon growth ability by retinal ganglion cells. Science. 2002;296(5574):1860–1864. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1068428
- Doi D, Morizane A, Kikuchi T, Onoe H, Hayashi T, Kawasaki T, Motono M, Sasai Y, Saiki H, Gomi M, et al. Prolonged maturation culture favors a reduction in the tumorigenicity and the dopaminergic function of human esc-derived neural cells in a primate model of parkinson’s disease. Stem Cells. 2012;30(5):935–945. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1060.
- Chen H, Weber AJ. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase by muller cells after optic nerve damage and intravitreal application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Glia. 2002;38(2):115–125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.10061.
- Cui Q, Tang LS, Hu B, So KF, Yip HK. Expression of trka, trkb, and trkc in injured and regenerating retinal ganglion cells of adult rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43(6):1954–1964.
- Al-Qudah M, Anderson CD, Mahavadi S, Bradley ZL, Akbarali HI, Murthy KS, Grider JR. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances cholinergic contraction of longitudinal muscle of rabbit intestine via activation of phospholipase C. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2014;306(4):G328–337. doi:https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00203.2013.
- Massa SM, Yang T, Xie Y, Shi J, Bilgen M, Joyce JN, Nehama D, Rajadas J, Longo FM. Small molecule BDNF mimetics activate TrkB signaling and prevent neuronal degeneration in rodents. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(5):1774–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI41356.
- Warnault V, Darcq E, Morisot N, Phamluong K, Wilbrecht L, Massa SM, Longo FM, Ron D. The BDNF valine 68 to methionine polymorphism increases compulsive alcohol drinking in mice that is reversed by tropomyosin receptor kinase B activation. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(6):463–473. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.007.
- Jang SW, Liu X, Yepes M, Shepherd KR, Miller GW, Liu Y, Wilson WD, Xiao G, Blanchi B, Sun YE, et al. A selective TrkB agonist with potent neurotrophic activities by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(6):2687–2692. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913572107.
- Jiang M, Peng Q, Liu X, Jin J, Hou Z, Zhang J, Mori S, Ross CA, Ye K, Duan W. Small-molecule TrkB receptor agonists improve motor function and extend survival in a mouse model of huntington’s disease. Hum Mol Genet. 2013;22(12):2462–2470. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt098.
- Korkmaz OT, Aytan N, Carreras I, Choi JK, Kowall NW, Jenkins BG, Dedeoglu A. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone improves motor performance and enhances lower motor neuronal survival in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci Lett. 2014;566:286–291. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.058.
- Devi L, Ohno M. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a small-molecule trkb agonist, reverses memory deficits and BACE1 elevation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37(2):434–444. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2011.191.
- Todd D, Gowers I, Dowler SJ, Wall MD, McAllister G, Fischer DF, Dijkstra S, Fratantoni SA, van de Bospoort R, Veenman-Koepke J, et al. A monoclonal antibody TrkB receptor agonist as a potential therapeutic for Huntington’s disease. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e87923. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087923.
- Boltaev U, Meyer Y, Tolibzoda F, Jacques T, Gassaway M, Xu Q, Wagner F, Zhang YL, Palmer M, Holson E, et al. Multiplex quantitative assays indicate a need for reevaluating reported small-molecule TrkB agonists. Sci Signal. 2017;10(493). pii: eaal1670. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aal1670.
- Brunet A, Roux D, Lenormand P, Dowd S, Keyse S, Pouyssegur J. Nuclear translocation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for growth factor-induced gene expression and cell cycle entry. Embo J. 1999;18(3):664–674. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/18.3.664.
- Chen RH, Sarnecki C, Blenis J. Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases. Mol Cell Biol. 1992;12:915–927. doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.12.3.915.
- Hetman M, Kanning K, Cavanaugh JE, Xia Z. Neuroprotection by brain-derived neurotrophic factor is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:22569–22580. doi:https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.32.22569.
- Kenchappa RS, Tep C, Korade Z, Urra S, Bronfman FC, Yoon SO, Carter BD. P75 neurotrophin receptor-mediated apoptosis in sympathetic neurons involves a biphasic activation of JKN and up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme/ADAM17. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(26):20358–20368. doi:https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.082834.
- Corredor RG, Trakhtenberg EF, Pita-Thomas W, Jin X, Hu Y, Goldberg JL. Soluble adenylyl cyclase activity is necessary for retinal ganglion cell survival and axon growth. J Neurosci. 2012;32(22):7734–7744. doi:https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5288-11.2012.