Electroacupuncture Reduces Ocular Surface Neuralgia in Dry-Eyed Guinea Pigs by Inhibiting the Trigeminal Ganglion and Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis P2X₃R-PKC Signaling Pathway

References

• Asia Dry Eye Society China Branch. Ocular Surface and Tear Diseases Group of the Cross-Straits Medical and Health Exchange Association Ophthalmology Specialty Committee, Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Group of the Chinese Physicians’ Association of Ophthalmology. Chin J Ophthalmol. 2020;56(06):418–422. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200316-00190.
   Google Scholar
• Li J, Zhao B, Li W, Liu Y, Wen X, Li D. Clinical study on 50 cases of dry eye treated with abdominal acupuncture plus plum-blossom needle. J Tradit Chin Ophthalmol. 2019;29(03):206–210. doi:10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.2019.03.009.
   Google Scholar
• Yazdani M, Elgstøen KBP, Rootwelt H, Shahdadfar A, Utheim ØA, Utheim TP. Tear metabolomics in dry eye disease: a review. IJMS. 2019;20(15):3755. doi:10.3390/ijms20153755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belmonte C, Nichols JJ, Cox SM, Brock JA, Begley CG, Bereiter DA, Dartt DA, Galor A, Hamrah P, Ivanusic JJ, et al. TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):404–437. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Yoon HJ, You IC, Ko BY, Yoon KC. Clinical characteristics of dry eye with ocular neuropathic pain features: comparison according to the types of sensitization based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020;20(1):455. doi:10.1186/s12886-020-01733-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen HH, Yosipovitch G, Galor A. Neuropathic symptoms of the ocular surface: dryness, pain, and itch. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;17(5):373–381. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung YH, Kim YO, Lin H, Cho JH, Park JH, Lee SD, Bae J, Kang KM, Kim YG, Pae AN, et al. Discovery of potent antiallodynic agents for neuropathic pain targeting P2X3 receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2017;8(7):1465–1478. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krajewski JL. P2X3-containing receptors as targets for the treatment of chronic pain. Neurotherapeutics. 2020;17(3):826–838. doi:10.1007/s13311-020-00934-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fei X, He X, Tai Z, Wang H, Qu S, Chen L, Hu Q, Fang J, Jiang Y. Electroacupuncture alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain in rats by suppressing P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia. Purinergic Signal. 2020;16(4):491–502. doi:10.1007/s11302-020-09728-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou YF, Ying XM, He XF, Shou SY, Wei JJ, Tai ZX, Shao XM, Liang Y, Fang F, Fang JQ, et al. Suppressing PKC-dependent membrane P2X3 receptor upregulation in dorsal root ganglia mediated electroacupuncture analgesia in rat painful diabetic neuropathy. Purinergic Signal. 2018;14(4):359–369. doi:10.1007/s11302-018-9617-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay TB, Seyed-Razavi Y, Ghezzi CE, Dieckmann G, Nieland TJF, Cairns DM, Pollard RE, Hamrah P, Kaplan DL. Corneal pain and experimental model development. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019;71:88–113. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulton EA, Borsook D. C-fiber assays in the cornea vs. Skin. Brain Sci. 2019;9(11):320. doi:10.3390/brainsci9110320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernier LP, Ase AR, Séguéla P. P2X receptor channels in chronic pain pathways. Br J Pharmacol. 2018;175(12):2219–2230. doi:10.1111/bph.13957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang JQ, Du JY, Fang JF, Xiao T, Le XQ, Pan NF, Yu J, Liu BY. Parameter-specific analgesic effects of electroacupuncture mediated by degree of regulation TRPV1 and P2X3 in inflammatory pain in rats. Life Sci. 2018;200:69–80. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Gao W. Effect of acupuncture on dry eye rabbit model induced by scopolamine. J Tradit Chin Ophthalmol. 2016;26(05):281–284. doi:10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.2016.05.001.
   Google Scholar
• Kovács I, Luna C, Quirce S, Mizerska K, Callejo G, Riestra A, Fernández-Sánchez L, Meseguer VM, Cuenca N, Merayo-Lloves J, et al. Abnormal activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors underlies the unpleasant sensations in dry eye disease. PAIN. 2016;157(2):399–417. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bland-Ward PA, Humphrey PP. Acute nociception mediated by hindpaw P2X receptor activation in the rat. Br J Pharmacol. 1997;122(2):365–371. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tariba KP, Vukman R, Antonić R, Kovač Z, Uhač I, Simonić-Kocijan S. The role of P2X3 receptors in bilateral masseter muscle allodynia in rats. Croat Med J. 2016;57(6):530–539. doi:10.3325/cmj.2016.57.530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu H, Lin L, Du X, Zhang L, Yin X, Dong X, Hao X, Xie L, Qu C, Ni J. Study on the potential effective ingredients of Xiaosheng prescription for dry eye disease. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;127:110051. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Wei F, Li S, Yan L, Lu P. The effect of sinomenine eye drops on experimental dry eye in mice. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2020;39(4):389–395. doi:10.1080/15569527.2020.1840580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng ID, Barton ST, Mecum NE, Kurose M. Corneal sensitivity following lacrimal gland excision in the rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56 (5):3347–3354. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-16717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li ZR. Experimental acupuncture and moxibustion. 2nd ed. 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Goyal S, Hamrah P. Understanding Neuropathic corneal pain–gaps and current therapeutic approaches. Semin Ophthalmol. 2016;31(1–2):59–70. doi:10.3109/08820538.2015.1114853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakih D, Zhao Z, Nicolle P, Reboussin E, Joubert F, Luzu J, Labbé A, Rostène W, Baudouin C, Mélik PS, et al. Chronic dry eye induced corneal hypersensitivity, neuroinflammatory responses, and synaptic plasticity in the mouse trigeminal brainstem. J Neuroinflammation. 2019;16(1):268. doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1656-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tei Y, Mikami Y, Ito M, Tomida T, Ohshima D, Hori Y, Adachi-Akahane S. Pathogenic mechanism of dry eye-induced chronic ocular pain and a mechanism-based therapeutic approach. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022;63(1):7. doi:10.1167/iovs.63.1.7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross AR, Al-Aqaba MA, Almaazmi A, Messina M, Nubile M, Mastropasqua L, Dua HS, Said DG. Clinical and in vivo confocal microscopic features of neuropathic corneal pain. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(6):768–775. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Melo Aquino B, da Silva Dos Santos DF, Jorge CO, Marques ACS, Teixeira JM, Parada CA, Oliveira-Fusaro MCG. P2X3 receptors contribute to muscle pain induced by static contraction by a mechanism dependent on neutrophil migration. Purinergic Signal. 2019;15(2):167–175. doi:10.1007/s11302-019-09659-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang X, Wang S, Shao F, Fang J, Xu Y, Wang W, Sun H, Liu X, Du J, Fang J. Electroacupuncture stimulation alleviates CFA-induced inflammatory pain via suppressing P2X3 expression. IJMS. 2019;20(13):3248. doi:10.3390/ijms20133248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang WS, Tu WZ, Cheng RD, He R, Ruan LH, Zhang L, Gong YS, Fan XF, Hu J, Cheng B, et al. Electroacupuncture and A-317491 depress the transmission of pain on primary afferent mediated by the P2X3 receptor in rats with chronic neuropathic pain states. J Neurosci Res. 2014;92(12):1703–1713. doi:10.1002/jnr.23451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Zhang X, Li C, Liu Y, Yang S, Xu S. Galanin receptor 2 is involved in galanin-induced analgesic effect by activating PKC and CaMKII in the nucleus accumbens of inflammatory pain rats. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:593331. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.593331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He Y, Wang ZJ. Spinal and afferent PKC signaling mechanisms that mediate chronic pain in sickle cell disease. Neurosci Lett. 2019;706:56–60. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorge CO, de Azambuja G, Gomes BB, Rodrigues HL, Luchessi AD, de Oliveira-Fusaro MCG. P2X3 receptors contribute to transition from acute to chronic muscle pain. Purinergic Signal. 2020;16(3):403–414. doi:10.1007/s11302-020-09718-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang Y, Gu Y, Shi R, Li G, Chen Y, Huang LM. Electroacupuncture downregulates P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve-ligated rat. Mol Pain. 2019;15:1744806919847810. doi:10.1177/1744806919847810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Du J, Fang J, Xiang X, Xu Y, Wang S, Sun H, Fang J. Electroacupuncture inhibits the interaction between peripheral TRPV1 and P2X3 in rats with different pathological pain. Physiol Res. 2021;70(4):635–647. doi:10.33549/physiolres.934649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou XX, Dai WB, Qin Y, Qi SY, Zhang YZ, Tian WT, Gu XY, Zheng BJ, Xiao J, Yu WF, et al. Electroacupuncture relieves neuropathic pain by inhibiting degradation of the ecto-nucleotidase PAP in the dorsal root ganglions of CCI mice. Eur J Pain. 2022;26(5):991–1005. doi:10.1002/ejp.1923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar