120
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Strabismus and Neuroophthalmology

Comparison of Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature Changes in Monocular Amblyopic and Non-amblyopic Eyes following Short-term Patch Occlusion Treatment

, & ORCID Icon
Pages 864-872 | Received 01 Mar 2023, Accepted 31 May 2023, Published online: 11 Jun 2023

References

  • Hu B, Liu Z, Zhao J, Zeng L, Hao G, Shui D, Mao K. The global prevalence of amblyopia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:819998. doi:10.3389/fped.2022.819998.
  • Park SH. Current management of childhood amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2019;33(6):557–568. doi:10.3341/kjo.2019.0061.
  • Yilmaz Cinar FG, Ozkan G. Macular capillary system and ganglion cell-layer complex of the amblyopic eye with optical coherence tomography angiography and optical cohorence tomography. Int Ophthalmol. 2021;41(2):675–686. doi:10.1007/s10792-020-01624-w.
  • Xu J, Zheng J, Yu S, Sun Z, Zheng W, Qu P, Chen Y, Chen W, Yu X. Macular choroidal thickness in unilateral amblyopic children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(11):7361–7368. doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14439.
  • Liu Y, Dong Y, Zhao K. A meta-analysis of choroidal thickness changes in unilateral amblyopia. J Ophthalmol. 2017;2017:2915261. doi:10.1155/2017/2915261.
  • Gao L, Gao Y, Hong F, Zhang P, Shu X. Assessment of foveal avascular zone and macular vascular plexus density in children with unilateral amblyopia: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:620565. doi:10.3389/fped.2021.620565.
  • Wallace DK, Repka MX, Lee KA, Melia M, Christiansen SP, Morse CL, Sprunger DT, American Academy of Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Preferred Practice Pattern Pediatric Ophthalmology Panel. Amblyopia preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(1):P105–P142. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.10.008.
  • Mitchell DE, Sengpiel F. Neural mechanisms of recovery following early visual deprivation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364(1515):383–398. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0192.
  • Blakemore C, Vital-Durand F, Garey LJ. Recovery from monocular deprivation in the monkey. I. Reversal of physiological effects in the visual cortex. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1981;213(1193):399–423. doi:10.1098/rspb.1981.0072.
  • Salerni A, Gambini G, Fedeli C, Paris L, Crincoli E, Savino G, Savastano MC, Bacherini D, De Vico U, Rizzo C, et al. OCT-angiography findings in patients with amblyopia: comparison between healthy controls, treatment-responsive, and treatment-unresponsive amblyopic patients. Diagnostics. 2021;11(10):1751. doi:10.3390/diagnostics11101751.
  • Aslan Bayhan S, Bayhan HA. Effect of amblyopia treatment on choroidal thickness in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Curr Eye Res. 2017;42(9):1254–1259. doi:10.1080/02713683.2017.1315141.
  • Araki S, Miki A, Goto K, Yamashita T, Takizawa G, Haruishi K, Yoneda T, Ieki Y, Kiryu J, Maehara G, et al. Effect of amblyopia treatment on choroidal thickness in hypermetropic anisometropic amblyopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018;18(1):227. doi:10.1186/s12886-018-0894-z.
  • Wallace DK, Morse CL, Melia M, Sprunger DT, Repka MX, Lee KA, Christiansen SP, American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern®: I. vision screening in the primary care and community setting; II. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(1):P184–P227. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.09.032.
  • Youssef MM, Sadek SH, Hatata RM. Macular and optic nerve microvascular alteration in relation to axial length, by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Clin Ophthalmol. 2022;16:885–892. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S354235.
  • Herrera L, Perez-Navarro I, Sanchez-Cano A, Perez-Garcia D, Remon L, Almenara C, Caramello C, Cristóbal JA, Pinilla I. Choroidal thickness and volume in a healthy pediatric population and its relationship with age, axial length, ametropia, and sex. Retina. 2015;35(12):2574–2583. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000636.
  • Groot ALW, Lissenberg-Witte BI, van Rijn LJ, Hartong DT. Meta-analysis of ocular axial length in newborns and infants up to 3 years of age. Surv Ophthalmol. 2022;67(2):342–352. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.05.010.
  • He X, Sankaridurg P, Naduvilath T, Wang J, Xiong S, Weng R, Du L, Chen J, Zou H, Xu X. Normative data and percentile curves for axial length and axial length/corneal curvature in Chinese children and adolescents aged 4-18 years. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023;107(2):167–175. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319431.
  • Guo X, Fu M, Ding X, Morgan IG, Zeng Y, He M. Significant axial elongation with minimal change in refraction in 3- to 6-year-old Chinese preschoolers: the Shenzhen kindergarten eye study. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(12):1826–1838. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.05.030.
  • Bulut A, Öner V, Büyüktarakçı Ş, Kaim M. Associations between choroidal thickness, axial length and spherical equivalent in a paediatric population. Clin Exp Optom. 2016;99(4):356–359. doi:10.1111/cxo.12353.
  • Bueno-Gimeno I, España-Gregori E, Gene-Sampedro A, Lanzagorta-Aresti A, Piñero-Llorens DP. Relationship among corneal biomechanics, refractive error, and axial length. Optom Vis Sci. 2014;91(5):507–513. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000231.
  • Agrawal R, Gupta P, Tan KA, Cheung CM, Wong TY, Cheng CY. Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: measurements in healthy eyes from a population-based study. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21090. doi:10.1038/srep21090.
  • Lavia C, Bonnin S, Maule M, Erginay A, Tadayoni R, Gaudric A. Vessel density of superficial, intermediate, and deep capillary plexuses using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2019;39(2):247–258. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000002413.
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191. doi:10.3758/bf03193146.
  • Araki S, Miki A, Goto K, Yamashita T, Yoneda T, Fujiwara A, Haruishi K, Ieki Y, Kiryu J, Maehara G, et al. Choroidal vessel density in unilateral hyperopic amblyopia using en-face optical coherence tomography. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020;20(1):472. doi:10.1186/s12886-020-01735-z.
  • Baek J, Lee A, Chu M, Kang NY. Analysis of choroidal vascularity in children with unilateral hyperopic amblyopia. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):12143. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48613-3.
  • Cinar E, Yuce B, Aslan F, Erbakan G. Comparison of retinal vascular structure in eyes with and without amblyopia by optical coherence tomography angiography. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2020;57(1):48–53. doi:10.3928/01913913-20191004-01.
  • Demirayak B, Vural A, Sonbahar O, Ergun O, Onur IU, Akarsu Acar OP, Yigit FU. Analysis of macular vessel density and foveal avascular zone in adults with amblyopia. Curr Eye Res. 2019;44(12):1381–1385. doi:10.1080/02713683.2019.1639766.
  • Doğuizi S, Yılmazoğlu M, Kızıltoprak H, Şekeroğlu MA, Yılmazbaş P. Quantitative analysis of retinal microcirculation in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. J AAPOS. 2019;23(4):201.e201–201.e205. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.01.017.
  • Nishikawa N, Chua J, Kawaguchi Y, Ro-Mase T, Schmetterer L, Yanagi Y, Yoshida A. Macular microvasculature and associated retinal layer thickness in pediatric amblyopia: magnification-corrected analyses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(3):39. doi:10.1167/iovs.62.3.39.
  • Borrelli E, Lonngi M, Balasubramanian S, Epelus TC, Baghdasaryan E, Pineles SL, Velez FG, Sarraf D, Sadda SR, Tsui I. Increased choriocapillaris vessel density in amblyopic children: a case-control study. J AAPOS. 2018;22(5):366–370. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.04.005.
  • Sobral I, Rodrigues TM, Soares M, Seara M, Monteiro M, Paiva C, Castela R. OCT angiography findings in children with amblyopia. J AAPOS. 2018;22(4):286–289.e282. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.03.009.
  • Nishi T, Ueda T, Mizusawa Y, Semba K, Shinomiya K, Mitamura Y, Sonoda S, Uchino E, Sakamoto T, Ogata N. Effect of optical correction on choroidal structure in children with anisohypermetropic amblyopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0231903. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231903.
  • Romano F, Arrigo A, Leone PP, Saladino A, Bandello F, Battaglia Parodi M. Altered ellipsoid zone reflectivity and deep capillary plexus rarefaction correlate with progression in best disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104(4):461–465. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-313980.
  • Ye J, Wang M, Shen M, Huang S, Xue A, Lin J, Fan Y, Wang J, Lu F, Shao Y. Deep retinal capillary plexus decreasing correlated with the outer retinal layer alteration and visual acuity impairment in pathological myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(4):45. doi:10.1167/iovs.61.4.45.
  • Moon BG, Um T, Lee J, Yoon YH. Correlation between deep capillary plexus perfusion and long-term photoreceptor recovery after diabetic macular edema treatment. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2(3):235–243. doi:10.1016/j.oret.2017.07.003.
  • Al-Haddad CE, El Mollayess GM, Mahfoud ZR, Jaafar DF, Bashshur ZF. Macular ultrastructural features in amblyopia using high-definition optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(3):318–322. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302434.
  • Fuchsjäger-Mayrl G, Malec M, Amoako-Mensah T, Kolodjaschna J, Schmetterer L. Changes in choroidal blood flow during light/dark transitions are not altered by atropine or propranolol in healthy subjects. Vision Res. 2003;43(20):2185–2190. doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00332-8.
  • Fuchsjäger-Mayrl G, Polska E, Malec M, Schmetterer L. Unilateral light-dark transitions affect choroidal blood flow in both eyes. Vision Res. 2001;41(22):2919–2924. doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00171-7.
  • Schrödl F, De Laet A, Tassignon MJ, Van Bogaert PP, Brehmer A, Neuhuber WL, Timmermans JP. Intrinsic choroidal neurons in the human eye: projections, targets, and basic electrophysiological data. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44(9):3705–3712. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0232.
  • Toor S, Horwood AM, Riddell P. Asymmetrical accommodation in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(6):772–778. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310282.
  • Jin J, Apple A, Friess A, Lehman S, Salvin J, Hendricks D, Reid J, Wang J. Using OCT fixation shift to assess eccentric fixation in children with residual amblyopia. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020;9(12):30. doi:10.1167/tvst.9.12.30.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.