“Fast urban model-making”: constructing Moroccan urban expertise through Zenata Eco-City

References

• AUC – Agence Urbaine de Casablanca. (2015). Plan d’Aménagement Secteur Zénata: Rapport Justificatif (p. 24). Agence Urbaine de Casablanca.
   Google Scholar
• Aujourd’hui le Maroc. (2016, November 10). Vers le concept d’une ville durable: L’Eco-Cité Zenata au coeur de la COP22. Aujourd’hui Le Maroc. https://aujourdhui.ma/economie/vers-le-concept-dune-ville-durable-leco-cite-zenata-au-coeur-de-la-cop22
   Google Scholar
• Barthel, P.-A., & Planel, S. (2010). Tanger-Med and Casa-Marina, prestige projects in Morocco: New capitalist frameworks and local context. Built Environment, 36(2), 176–191. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.36.2.176
   Google Scholar
• Baylocq, C., & Hlaoua, A. (2016). Diffuser un « islam du juste milieu » ?, Spreading a “happy medium” Islam ? Afrique contemporaine, 257, 113–128. https://doi.org/10.3917/afco.257.0113
   Google Scholar
• Bunnell, T. (2015). Antecedent cities and inter-referencing effects: Learning from and extending beyond critiques of neoliberalisation. Urban Studies, 52(11), 1983–2000. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013505882
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunnell, T. (2017). Locating transnational urban connections beyond world city networks. In J. Hannigan & G. Richards (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of new urban studies (pp. 19–29). Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Bunnell, T., & Das, D. (2010). Urban pulse—a geography of serial seduction: Urban policy transfer from Kuala Lumpur to Hyderabad. Urban Geography, 31(3), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.31.3.277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, E. S. (2010). Enactments of expertise. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104948
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua, B. H. (2011). Singapore as model: Planning innovations, knowledge experts. In A. Roy, & A. Ong (Eds.), Worlding cities: Asian experiments and the art of being global (pp. 27–54). Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, N. (2012). Urban policy mobility, anti-politics, and histories of the transnational municipal movement. Progress in Human Geography, 36(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132511407952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, I. R., & Ward, K. (2012). Conferences, informational infrastructures and mobile policies: The process of getting Sweden ‘BID ready’. European Urban and Regional Studies, 19(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776411420029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté-Roy, L., & Moser, S. (2019). ‘Does Africa not deserve shiny new cities?’ The power of seductive rhetoric around new cities in Africa. Urban Studies, 56(12), 2391–2407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018793032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté-Roy, L., & Moser, S. (2022). A kingdom of new cities: Morocco’s national Villes Nouvelles strategy. Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences, 131, 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.02.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cugurullo, F. (2013). How to build a sandcastle: An analysis of the genesis and development of Masdar City. Journal of Urban Technology, 20(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2012.735105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cugurullo, F. (2016). Urban eco-modernisation and the policy context of new eco-city projects: Where Masdar City fails and why. Urban Studies, 53(11), 2417–2433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015588727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cugurullo, F. (2017). Speed Kills: Fast urbanism and endangered sustainability in the Masdar City project. In A. Datta, & A. Shaban (Eds.), Mega-urbanization in the Global South: Fast cities and new urban utopias of the postcolonial state (Kindle ed., pp. 66–80). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cugurullo, F., & Ponzini, D. (2018). The transnational smart city as urban eco-modernisation: The case of Masdar City in Abu Dhabi. In A. Karvonen, F. Cugurullo, & C. Federico (Eds.), Inside smart cities: Place, politics and urban innovation (pp. 149–162). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Datta, A. (2017). Introduction: Fast cities in an urban age. In A. Datta, & A. Shaban (Eds.), Mega-urbanization in the Global South: Fast cities and new urban utopias of the postcolonial state (Kindle ed., pp. 1–27). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Doba, M.-A. (2017, December 11). Le Maroc finance entièrement la construction du stade de Dodoma en Tanzanie. AfricaNow. https://africanow.media/maroc-finance-entierement-construction-stade-de-dodoma-tanzanie/
   Google Scholar
• Global Construction Review. (2017, February 8). Morocco agrees to help South Sudan build new capital city. Global Construction Review. http://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/morocco-agrees-help-south-su7dan-b7uild-n7ew/
   Google Scholar
• González, S. (2011). Bilbao and Barcelona ‘in motion’. How urban regeneration ‘models’ travel and mutate in the global flows of policy tourism. Urban Studies, 48(7), 1397–1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098010374510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, P. (2015). South–south relationships and the transfer of “best practice”: The case of Johannesburg, South Africa. International Development Planning Review, 37(2), 205–223. https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2015.16
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, L. (2011). Urban modeling and contemporary technologies of city-building in China: The production of regimes of green urbanisms. In A. Roy, & A. Ong (Eds.), Worlding cities: Asian experiments and the art of being global (pp. 55–76). Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Jazeel, T. (2015). Utopian urbanism and representational city-ness: On the Dholera before Dholera smart city. Dialogues in Human Geography, 5(1), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820614565866
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joss, S., & Molella, A. P. (2013). The eco-city as urban technology: Perspectives on Caofeidian International Eco-City (China). Journal of Urban Technology, 20(1), 115–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2012.735411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadiri, G. (2017, August 29). Avec l’éco-cité de Zenata, le Maroc veut créer un modèle pour les villes africaines. Le Monde. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/08/29/avec-l-eco-cite-de-zenata-le-maroc-veut-creer-un-modele-pour-les-villes-africaines_5178122_3212.html
   Google Scholar
• Kanai, M., & Kutz, W. (2011). Entrepreneurialism in the globalising city-region of Tangier, Morocco. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 102(3), 346–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2010.00622.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeton, R. (2011). Rising in the East: Contemporary new towns in Asia. Sun Architecture.
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy, S. M. (2016). Urban policy mobilities, argumentation and the case of the model city. Urban Geography, 37(1), 96–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2015.1055932
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khirfan, L., Momani, B., & Jaffer, Z. (2013). Whose authority? Exporting Canadian urban planning expertise to Jordan and Abu Dhabi. Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences, 50, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., & Qiu, L. (2015). A comparative study on the quality of China’s eco-city: Suzhou vs Kitakyushu. Habitat International, 50, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E. (2008). Expertise, truth, and urban policy mobilities: Global circuits of knowledge in the development of Vancouver, Canada’s ‘four pillar’ drug strategy. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 40(4), 885–904. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E. (2011a). Urban policy mobilities and global circuits of knowledge: Toward a research agenda. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2010.520219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E. (2011b). Veritable inventions: Cities, policies and assemblage. Area, 43(2), 143–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01011.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E. (2013). Policy boosterism, policy mobilities, and the extrospective city. Urban Geography, 34(1), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2013.778627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E. (2017). Mobilities, politics, and the future: Critical geographies of green urbanism. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 49(8), 1816–1823. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17708876
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E., Roy, A., & Ward, K. (2013). Assembling/worlding cities. Urban Geography, 34(5), 581–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2013.793905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E., & Ward, K. (2012a). Assembling urbanism: Following policies and ‘studying through’ the sites and situations of policy making. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 44(1), 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a44178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E., & Ward, K. (2012b). Policy assemblages, mobilities and mutations: Toward a multidisciplinary conversation. Political Studies Review, 10(3), 325–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00276.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane, C. (2011). The city as a machine for learning. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36(3), 360–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00430.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Médias24. (2014, February 26). Lancement à Abidjan du projet Akwaba, du groupe Alliances. Médias24. https://www.medias24.com/ECONOMIE/ECONOMIE/9523-Lancement-a-Abidjan-du-projet-Akwaba-du-groupe-Alliances.html
   Google Scholar
• Moisseron, J.-Y., & Daguzan, J.-F. (2017). Les ambitions régionales marocaines en Afrique Sub-saharienne: Une diplomatie royale (p. 17). Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique (FRS). https://www.frstrategie.org/programmes/observatoire-du-monde-arabo-musulman-et-du-sahel/les-ambitions-regionales-marocaines-en-afrique-sub-saharienne-une-diplomatie-royale-21
   Google Scholar
• Montero, S. (2020). Leveraging Bogotá: Sustainable development, global philanthropy and the rise of urban solutionism. Urban Studies, 57(11), 2263–2281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018798555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser, S. (2019). “Two days to shape the future”: A Saudi Arabian node in the transnational circulation of new cities ideas. In H. Molotch, & D. Ponzini (Eds.), The new Arab urban: Gulf cities of wealth, ambition, and distress (pp. 213–232). NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moser, S., & Côté-Roy, L. (2021). New cities: Power, profit, and prestige. Geography Compass, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12549
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, M. J. (2017). Frictionless utopias for the contemporary urban age: Large-scale, master-planned redevelopment projects in urbanizing Africa. In A. Datta, & A. Shaban (Eds.), Mega-urbanization in the global South: Fast cities and new urban utopias of the postcolonial state (Kindle ed., pp. 31–53). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Noori Farzan, A. (2021, April 6). Akon hasn’t even built his first ‘futuristic’ city yet, but Uganda is giving him land for a second. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/04/06/akon-city-uganda/
   Google Scholar
• Ong, A. (2011). Introduction: Worlding cities, or the art of being global. In A. Roy, & A. Ong (Eds.), Worlding cities: Asian experiments and the art of being global (pp. 1–26). Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Parikh, A. (2015). The private city: Planning, property, and protest in the making of Lavasa New Town, India [Doctoral dissertation]. London School of Economics and Political Science, London. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3203/1/Parikh_The_Private_City.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Park, S. H., Shin, H. B., & Kang, H. S. (Eds.). (2020). Exporting Urban Korea?: Reconsidering the Korean urban development experience. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003047599
   Google Scholar
• Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2010). Mobilizing policy: Models, methods, and mutations. Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences, 41(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2015). Fast policy: Experimental statecraft at the thresholds of neoliberalism. University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peck, J., & Tickell, A. (2002). Neoliberalizing space. Antipode, 34(3), 380–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pow, C. P. (2014). License to travel. City, 18(3), 287–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.908515
   Google Scholar
• Rapoport, E. (2014). Utopian visions and real estate dreams: The eco-city past, present and future. Geography Compass, 8(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12113
   Google Scholar
• Rapoport, E. (2015). Globalising sustainable urbanism: The role of international masterplanners. Area, 47(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebentisch, H., Thompson, C., Côté-Roy, L., & Moser, S. (2020). Unicorn planning: Lessons from the rise and fall of an American ‘smart’ mega-development. Cities, 101, 102686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. (2006). Ordinary cities: Between modernity and development. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Roseland, M. (1997). Dimensions of the eco-city. Cities, 14(4), 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(97)00003-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royaume du Maroc. (2015). Relations Maroc-Afrique: L’ambition d’une “nouvelle frontière” (p. 31). Ministère de l’économie et des finances, Direction des études et des prévisions financières. https://www.finances.gov.ma/Publication/depf/2014/Relations%20Maroc-Afrique%20%20L’ambition%20d’une%20nouvelle%20fronti%C3%A8re%20actualisation%20juillet%202015%20(2).pdf
   Google Scholar
• Royaume du Maroc. (2017). Texte intégral du Discours prononcé par SM le Roi Mohammed VI devant le 28ème sommet de l’Union africaine (UA) à Addis-Abeba. http://www.maroc.ma/fr/discours-royaux/texte-integral-du-discours-prononce-par-sm-le-roi-mohammed-vi-devant-le-28eme-sommet
   Google Scholar
• SAZ – Société d’Aménagement Zenata. (2013). Zenata, a Moroccan eco-city (press folder). Société d’aménagement Zenata, Groupe CDG. http://www.zenataecocity.ma/sites/default/files/telechargements/press-kit-en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• SAZ – Société d’Aménagement Zenata. (2017). Éco-Cité Zenata: Dossier de presse. Groupe CDG.
   Google Scholar
• SAZ – Société d’Aménagement Zenata. (n.d.). Référentiel Éco-Cité. Ville de tous les élans. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from http://www.zenataecocity.ma/une-ville-eco-concue/referentiel-eco-cite
   Google Scholar
• Senhaji, M. (2020, May 23). Eaux usées à Paloma Beach: La Société d’Aménagement Zenata livre sa version des faits. Le Matin. https://lematin.ma/express/2020/eaux-usees-paloma-beach-societe-damenagement-zenata-livre-version-faits/337895.html
   Google Scholar
• Shatkin, G. (2014). Reinterpreting the meaning of the ‘Singapore model’: State capitalism and urban planning. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(1), 116–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tali, K. (2014, May 26). Pôle urbain de Diamnadio: Alliances exporte son savoir-faire au Sénégal. Aujourd’hui Le Maroc. https://aujourdhui.ma/economie/immobilier/pole-urbain-de-diamnadio-alliances-exporte-son-savoir-faire-au-senegal-110148
   Google Scholar
• Tayeb, S. (2019, Spring). The Palestinian McCity in the neoliberal era. MERIP-Middle East Research and Information Project, 290, 24–28.
   Google Scholar
• Temenos, C., & McCann, E. (2012). The local politics of policy mobility: Learning, persuasion, and the production of a municipal sustainability fix. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 44(6), 1389–1406. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temenos, C., & Ward, K. (2018). Examining global urban policy mobilities. In J. Harrison, & M. Hoyler (Eds.), Doing global urban research (pp. 66–80). Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Van Noorloos, F., & Kloosterboer, M. (2018). Africa’s new cities: The contested future of urbanisation. Urban Studies, 55(6), 1223–1241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017700574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, V. (2014). African urban fantasies: Dreams or nightmares? Environment and Urbanization, 26(1), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247813513705
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zemni, S., & Bogaert, K. (2011). Urban renewal and social development in Morocco in an age of neoliberal government. Review of African Political Economy, 38(129), 403–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2011.603180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar