NURSE PLANT RETATIONSHIPS OF COLUMNAR CACTI IN ARIZONA

References

• Adams , S. , Strain , B..R. and Adams , M..S. 1970 . Water-repellent soils, fire, and annual plant cover in a desert scrub community of southeastern California . Ecology , 51 : 696 – 700 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowers , J..E. 1980 . Flora of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument . Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science , 15 ( 33-47 ) : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Canfield , R..H. 1941 . Application of the line intercept method in sampling range vegetation . Journal of Forestry , 39 : 388 – 394 .
   Google Scholar
• Despain , D..G. 1974 . The survival of saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) seedlings on soils of differing albedo and cover . Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science , 9 : 102 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , D..E. and Turner , R..M. 1986 . Vegetation change and plant demography in permanent plots in the Sonoran Desert . Ecology , 67 : 695 – 712 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , M..O. 1979 . TWINSPAN-a FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of individuals and attributes Ithaca, New York : Cornell University .
   Google Scholar
• Humphrey , R..R. 1974 . The Boojum and its Home Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hutto , R..L. , McAuliffe , J..R. and Hogan , L. 1986 . Distributional associates of the saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) . Southwestern Naturalist , 31 : 469 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan , P..W. and Nobel , P..S. 1979 . Infrequent establishment of seedlings of Agave deserti (Agavaceae) in the northwestern Sonoran Desert . American Journal of Botany , 66 : 1079 – 1084 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan , P..W. and Nobel , P..S. 1982 . Height distributions of two species of cacti in relation to rainfall, seedling establishment and growth . Botanical Gazette , 143 : 511 – 517 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe , C..H. and Hinds , D..S. 1971 . Effect of paloverde (Cercidium) trees on the radiation flux at ground level in the Sonoran Desert in winter . Ecology , 52 : 916 – 922 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAuliffe , J..R. 1984 . Sahuaro-nurse tree associations in the Sonoran Desert: competitive effects of sahuaros . Oecologia , 64 : 319 – 321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough , W..T. 1964 . Reduction in incident solar energy by desert shrub cover . Ohio Journal of Science , 64 : 250 – 251 .
   Google Scholar
• Niering , W..A. , Whittaker , R..H. and Lowe , C..H. 1963 . The saguaro: a population in relation to environment . Science , 142 : 15 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nobel , P..S. 1980 . Morphology, nurse plants, and minimum apical temperatures for young . Carnegiea gigantea. Botanical Gazette , 141 : 188 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobel , P..S. , Geller , G..N. , Kee , S..C. and Zimmerman , A..D. 1986 . Temperatures and thermal tolerances for cacti exposed to high temperatures near the soil surface . Plant, Cell, and Environment , 9 : 279 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , K..C. 1987 . Site-related demographic patterns of organ pipe cactus populations in southern Arizona . Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , 114 : 294 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , K..C. 1988 . Ecological relationships and vegetation associates of columnar cacti in the northern Sonoran Desert . Vegetatio , 78 : 125 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , K..C. 1989 . Height structure and reproductive characteristics of senita [(Lophocereus schottii) Cactaceae] in southern Arizona . Southwestern Naturalist , 34 : 392 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez , F..L. 1987 . Soil moisture and the upper altitudinal limit of giant paramo rosettes . Journal of Biogeography , 14 : 173 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shreve , F. 1910 . The rate of establishment of the giant cactus . Plant World , 13 : 235 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Shreve , F. 1931 . Physical conditions in sun and shade . Ecology , 12 : 96 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Steenbergh , W..F. and Lowe , C..H. 1969 . Critical factors during the first years of life of the saguaro (Cereus giganteus) at Saguaro National Monument, Arizona . Ecology , 50 : 825 – 834 .
   Google Scholar
• Steenbergh , W..F. and Lowe , C..H. 1977 . Ecology of the saguaro: II reproduction, germination, establishment, growth, and survival of the young plant . National Park Service Scientific Monograph Series ,
   Google Scholar
• Steenbergh , W..F. and Lowe , C..H. 1983 . Ecology of the saguaro: III growth and demography . National Park Service Scientific Monograph Series ,
   Google Scholar
• Turner , R..M. , Alcorn , S..M. , Olin , G. and Booth , J..A. 1966 . The influence of shade, soil, and water on saguaro seedling establishment . Botanical Gazette , 127 : 95 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , R..M. , Alcorn , S..M. and Olin , G. 1969 . Mortality of transplanted saguaro seedlings . Ecology , 50 : 835 – 844 .
   Google Scholar
• Vandermeer , J. 1980 . Saguaros and nurse trees: a new hypothesis to account for population fluctuations . Southwestern Naturalist , 25 : 357 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , A..M. and Lev , J. 1953 . Statistical Inference New York : Holt, Reinhart, and Winston, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Zar , J..H. 1984 . Biostatistical Analysis Englewood Cliffs, New jersey : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar