Duke William’s 1066 campaign, the historical climatology

References

• Aberth, J. (2013). An environmental history of the middle ages: The crucible of nature. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Alexandre, P. (1987). Le Climat en Europe au moyen age: Contribution à l’histoire des variations climatiques de 1000 à 1425, d’après les sources narratives de l’Europe occidentale. De l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales.
   Google Scholar
• Bachrach, B. S., & Bachrach, D. S. (2017). Warfare in medieval Europe, c.400-c.1453. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Barlow, F. ( Trans.). (1999). The Carmen de hastingae proelio of guy, Bishop of amiens. Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brandon, P. F. (1971). Late-medieval weather in Sussex and its agricultural significance. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 54(54), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/621358
   Google Scholar
• Brázdil, R., Pfister, C., Wanner, H., Storch, H. V., & Luterbacher, J. (2005). Historical climatology in Europe – the state of the art. Climatic Change, 70(3), 363–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-5924-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, R. A. (1995). The Norman conquest of England: Sources and documents. The Boydell Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, B. M. S. (2010). Nature as historical protagonist: Environment and society in pre-industrial England. The Economic History Review, 63(2), 281–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00492.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chibnall, M. (Trans.). (1969). Historia Ӕcclesiastica (Vol. II). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Kushnir, Y., Briffa, K. R., Büntgen, U., Frank, D., Krusic, P. J., Tegel, W., van der Schrier, G., Andreu-Hayles, L., Baillie, M., Baittinger, C., Bleicher, N., Bonde, N., Brown, D., Carrer, M., Cooper, R., Čufar, K., & Wilson, R. (2015). Old world megadroughts and pluvials during the common Era. Artificial Intelligence in Research Science, 1(10), e1500561. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500561
   Google Scholar
• Davis, R. H. C., & Chibnall, M. (Trans.). (1998). The Gesta Guillelmi of William of poitiers. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dunne, T., Moore, T. R., & Taylor, C. H. (1975). Recognition and prediction of runoff-producing zones in humid regions. Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, 20, 305–327.
   Google Scholar
• Foard, G., & Curry, A. (2013). Bosworth 1485: A battlefield rediscovered. Oxbow Books.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, E. D. G. (2011). Can economic, land use and climatic stresses lead to famine, disease, warfare and death? Using Europe’s calamitous 14th century as a parable for the modern age. Ecological Economics, 70(7), 1269–1279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.02.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway, J. A. (2009). Storm flooding, coastal defence and land use around the Thames estuary and tidal river c.1250–1450. Journal of Medieval History, 35(2), 171–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmedhist.2008.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gent, P. R., Danabasoglu, G., Donner, L. J., Holland, M. M., Hunke, E. C., Jayne, S. R., Lawrence, D. M., Neale, R. B., Rasch, P. J., Vertenstein, M., Worley, P. H., Yang, Z.-L., & Zhang, M. (2011). The community climate system model version 4. Journal of Climate, 24(19), 4973–4991. https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI4083.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillingham, J. (2018). 1066 and warfare: The context and place (senlac) of the battle of Hastings. In D. Bates (Ed.), 1066 in perspective (pp. 109–122). Royal Armouries Museum.
   Google Scholar
• Gillmor, C. M. (1996). Naval logistics of the cross-channel operation, 1066. In S. Morillo (Ed.), The battle of Hastings: Sources and interpretations (pp. 114–128). The Boydell Press.
   Google Scholar
• Giorgetta, M. A., Jungclaus, J., Reick, C. H., Legutke, S., Bader, J., Böttinger, M., Brovkin, V., Crueger, T., Esch, M., Fieg, K., Glushak, K., Gayler, V., Haak, H., Hollweg, H.-D., Ilyina, T., Kinne, S., Kornblueh, L., Matei, D., & Marotzke, J. (2013). Climate and carbon cycle changes from 1850 to 2100 in MPI-ESM simulations for the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 5(3), 572–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/jame.20038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainge, C., & Grainge, G. (1993). The Pevensey expedition: Brilliantly executed plan or near disaster? The Mariner’s Mirror, 79, 261–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1993.10656456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldon, J., Mordechai, L., Newfield, T. P., Chase, A. F., Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Labuhn, I., & Roberts, N. (2018). History meets palaeoscience: Consilience and collaboration in studying past societal responses to environmental change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(13), 3210–3218. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716912115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt, C. M. (2016). Was the battle of Hastings really fought on battle Hill? A GIS assessment. Historical Geography, 44, 127–148.
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt, C. M. (2018a). How did East Sussex really appear in 1066? The cartographic evidence. Digital Studies/Le champ numérique, 8(1). https://www.digitalstudies.org/articles/10.16995/dscn.278/
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt, C. M. (2018b). Mapping the Pevensey area back to 1066: The historical environmental evidence. Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information & Geovisualization, 53(2), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.3138/cart.53.2.2017-0001
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, R. C. (2014). An environmental history of medieval Europe. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, J. D. (2006). What is environmental history?. Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lamb, H. H. (1977). Climate: Present, past and future. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Landrum, L., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Wahl, E. R., Conley, A., Lawrence, P. J., Rosenbloom, N., & Teng, H. (2013). Last millennium climate and its variability in CCSM4. Journal of Climate, 26(4), 1085–1111. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00326.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence-Mathers, A. (2021). Medieval origins of modern weather forecasting. Weather, 76(5), 144–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.3917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson, M. K. (2016). The battle of Hastings: 1066. Tempus Publishing Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Ljungqvist, F. C., Seim, A., Krusic, P. J., González-Rouco, J. F., Werner, J. P., Cook, E. R., Zorita, E., Luterbacher, J., Xoplaki, E., Destouni, G., García-Bustamante, E., Aguilar, C. A. M., Seftigen, K., Wang, J., Gagen, M. H., Esper, J., Solomina, O., Fleitmann, D., & Büntgen, U. (2019). European warm-season temperature and hydroclimate since 850 CE. Environmental Research Letters, 14(8), 084015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2c7e
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luterbacher, J., Werner, J. P., Smerdon, J. E., Fernández-Donado, L., González-Rouco, F. J., Barriopedro, D., Ljungqvist, F. C., Büntgen, U., Zorita, E., Wagner, S., Esper, J., McCarroll, D., Toreti, A., Frank, D., Jungclaus, J. H., Barriendos, M., Bertolin, C., Bothe, O. … Zhang, H. (2016). European summer temperatures since Roman times. Environmental Research Letters, 11(2), 024001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald, N., & Black, A. R. (2010). Reassessment of flood frequency using historical information for the River Ouse at York, UK (1200–2000). Hydrological Sciences Journal – Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques, 55(7), 1152–1162. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2010.508873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, M. E. (2001). Climate during the past millennium. Weather, 56(3), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06542.x
   Google Scholar
• Morillo, S. (Ed.). (1996). The battle of Hastings: Sources and interpretations. The Boydell Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mynors, R. A., Thomson, R. M., & Winterbottom, M. (Trans.). (1998). Gesta regum anglorum: The history of the English Kings (Vol. I). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann, J. (1975). ‘Great historical events that were significantly affected by weather, 1: The mongol invasions of Japan. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 56(11), 1167–1171. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1975)056<1167:GHETWS>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann, J. (1989). Hydrographic and ship-hydrodynamic aspects of the Norman Invasion, AD 1066. Anglo-Norman Studies, XI, 221–243.
   Google Scholar
• Ogilvie, A., & Farmer, G. (1997). Documenting the medieval climate. In K. Hulme & E. Barrow (Eds.), Climates of the British Isles: Present, past and future (pp. 112–133). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pribyl, K. (2014). The study of the climate of medieval England: A review of historical climatology’s past achievements and future potential. Weather, 69(5), 116–120. https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.2317
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pribyl, K., & Cornes, R. C. (2020a). Droughts in medieval and early modern England, part 1: The evidence. Weather, 75(6), 168–172. https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.3599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pribyl, K., & Cornes, R. C. (2020b). Droughts in medieval and early modern England, part 2: Impacts. Weather, 75(7), 196–198. https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.3529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rackham, O. (1986). The history of the countryside. J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Swanton, M. J. (Trans.). (1998). The anglo-saxon chronicle. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Trouet, V., Esper, J., Graham, N. E., Baker, A., Scourse, J. D., & Frank, D. C. (2009). Persistent positive north Atlantic oscillation mode dominated the Medieval climate anomaly. Science, 324(5923), 78–80. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1166349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Houts, E. M. C. (Ed., Trans.). (1995). The Gesta normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Winters, H. A., Galloway Jr., G. E., Reynolds, W. J., & Rhyne, D. W. (1998). Battling the elements: Weather and terrain in the conduct of war. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar