325
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

A new pylaecephalid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, Middle Permian of South Africa

&
Pages 1396-1409 | Received 10 Sep 2009, Accepted 19 Jan 2010, Published online: 15 Sep 2010

LITERATURE CITED

  • Angielczyk , K. D. 2001 . Preliminary phylogenetic analysis and stratigraphic congruence of the dicynodont anomodonts (Synapsida: Therapsida) . Palaeontologia Africana , 37 : 53 – 79 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. 2002 . Redescription, phylogenetic position, and stratigraphic significance of the dicynodont genus Odontocyclops (Synapsida: Anomodontia) . Journal of Paleontology , 76 : 1047 – 1059 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. 2004 . Phylogenetic evidence for and implications of a dual origin of propaliny in anomodont therapsids . Paleobiology , 30 : 268 – 296 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. 2007 . New specimens of the Tanzanian dicynodont “Cryptocynodon” parringtoni von Huene, 1942 (Therapsida, Anomodontia), with an expanded analysis of Permian dicynodont phylogeny . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 27 : 116 – 131 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. and Kurkin , A. A. 2003a . Phylogenetic analysis of Russian Permian dicynodonts (Therapsida: Anomodontia): implications for Permian biostratigraphy and Pangaean biogeography . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 139 : 157 – 212 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. and Kurkin , A. A. 2003b . Has the utility of Dicynodon for Upper Permian terrestrial biostratigraphy been overstated? . Geology , 31 : 363 – 366 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. and Rubidge , B. S. 2003 . Dicynodont extinctions in the Permian: one, many, or none? . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 23 ( 3, Supplement ) : 29A – 30A .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. and Rubidge , B. S. 2009 . The Permian dicynodont Colobodectes cluveri (Therapsida, Anomodontia), with notes on its ontogeny and stratigraphic range in the Karoo Basin, South Africa . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 29 : 1162 – 1173 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. and Sullivan , C. 2008 . Diictodon feliceps (Owen, 1876), a dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) species with a Pangaean distribution . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 28 : 788 – 802 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. and Walsh , M. L. 2008 . Patterns in the evolution of nares size and secondary palate length in anomodont therapsids (Synapsida): implications for hypoxia as a cause for end-Permian terrestrial vertebrate extinctions . Journal of Paleontology , 82 : 528 – 542 .
  • Angielczyk , K. D. , Sidor , C. A. , Nesbitt , S. J. , Smith , R. M. H. and Tsuji , L. A. 2009 . Taxonomic revision and new observations on the postcranial skeleton, biogeography, and biostratigraphy of the dicynodont genus Dicynodontoides, the senior subjective synonym of Kingoria (Therapsida, Anomodontia) . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 29 : 1174 – 1187 .
  • Barghusen , H. R. 1976 . Notes on the adductor jaw musculature of Venjukovia, a primitive anomodont therapsid from the Permian of the U.S.S.R . Annals of the South African Museum , 69 : 249 – 260 .
  • Boonstra , L. D. 1948 . “ On the anomodont reptiles from the Tapinocephalus Zone of the Karroo System ” . In Robert Broom Commemorative Volume , Edited by: Toit , A. L. Du . 57 – 64 . Cape Town : Royal Society of South Africa .
  • Botha , J. and Angielczyk , K. D. 2007 . An integrative approach to distinguishing the Late Permian dicynodont species Oudenodon bainii and Tropidostoma microtrema (Therapsida, Anomodontia) . Palaeontology , 50 : 1175 – 1209 .
  • Botha , J. and Smith , R. M. H. 2006 . Rapid vertebrate recuperation in the Karoo Basin of South Africa following the end-Permian extinction . Journal of African Earth Sciences , 45 : 502 – 514 .
  • Bremer , K. 1988 . The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction . Evolution , 42 : 795 – 803 .
  • Brink , A. S. 1986 . Illustrated bibliographic catalogue of the Synapsida . Geological Survey of South Africa Handbook , 10
  • Broom , R. 1905 . On the use of the term Anomodontia . Albany Museum Records , 1 : 266 – 269 .
  • Cluver , M. A. 1970 . The palate and mandible in some specimens of Dicynodon testudirostris Broom and Haughton (Reptilia, Therapsida) . Annals of the South African Museum , 56 : 133 – 153 .
  • Cluver , M. A. 1971 . The cranial morphology of the dicynodont Lystrosaurus . Annals of the South African Museum , 56 : 155 – 274 .
  • Cluver , M. A. 1975 . A new dicynodont reptile from the Tapinocephalus Zone (Karoo System, Beaufort Series) of South Africa, with evidence of the jaw adductor musculature . Annals of the South African Museum , 67 : 7 – 23 .
  • Cluver , M. A. and Hotton , N. 1981 . The genera Dicynodon and Diictodon and their bearing on the classification of the Dicynodontia (Reptilia, Therapsida) . Annals of the South African Museum , 83 : 99 – 146 .
  • Cluver , M. A. and King , G. M. 1983 . A reassessment of the relationships of Permian Dicynodontia (Reptilia, Therapsida) and a new classification of dicynodonts . Annals of the South African Museum , 91 : 195 – 273 .
  • Cox , C. B. 1959 . On the anatomy of a new dicynodont genus with evidence of the position of the tympanum . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 132 : 321 – 367 .
  • Crompton , A. W. and Hotton , N. 1967 . Functional morphology of the masticatory apparatus of two dicynodonts (Reptilia, Therapsida) . Postilla , 109 : 1 – 51 .
  • Damiani , R. , Vasconcelos , C. , Renaut , A. , Hancox , J. and Yates , A. 2007 . Dolichuranus primaevus (Therapsida: Anomodontia) from the Middle Triassic of Namibia and its phylogenetic relationships . Palaeontology , 50 : 1531 – 1546 .
  • Ewer , R. F. 1961 . The anatomy of the anomodont Daptocephalus leoniceps (Owen) . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 136 : 375 – 402 .
  • Felsenstein , J. 1985 . Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap . Evolution , 39 : 783 – 791 .
  • Fröbisch , J. 2007 . The cranial anatomy of Kombuisia frerensis Hotton (Synapsida, Dicynodontia) and a new phylogeny of anomodont therapsids . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 150 : 117 – 144 .
  • Fröbisch , J. 2008 . Global taxonomic diversity of anomodonts (Tetrapoda, Therapsida) and the terrestrial rock record across the Permian-Triassic boundary . PLoS ONE , 3 : e3733
  • Fröbisch , J. 2009 . Composition and similarity of global anomodont-bearing tetrapod faunas . Earth Science Reviews , 95 : 119 – 175 .
  • Fröbisch , J. and Reisz , R. R. 2008 . A new species of Emydops (Synapsida, Anomodontia) and a discussion of dental variability and pathology in dicynodonts . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 28 : 770 – 787 .
  • Hoepen , E. C. N. van. 1934 . Oor die indeling van die Dicynodontidae na aanleiding van nuew vorme . Paleontologiese Navorsing van die Nasionale Museum , 2 : 67 – 101 .
  • Jaekel , O. 1904 . Ueber den Schädelbau der Dicynodonten , Vol. 1904 , 172 – 188 . Berlin : Sitzungs-Bericht der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde .
  • Jinnah , Z. A. and Rubidge , B. S. 2007 . A double-tusked dicynodont and its biostratigraphic significance . South African Journal of Science , 103 : 51 – 53 .
  • Kammerer , C. F. and Angielczyk , K. D. 2009 . A proposed higher taxonomy of anomodont therapsids . Zootaxa , 2018 : 1 – 24 .
  • Kemp , T. S. 1969 . The atlas-axis complex of the mammal-like reptiles . Journal of Zoology , 159 : 223 – 248 .
  • Keyser , A. W. 1975 . A reevaluation of the cranial morphology and systematics of some tuskless Anomodontia . Geological Survey of South Africa Memoir , 67 : 1 – 110 .
  • Keyser , A. W. 1993 . A re-evaluation of the smaller Endothiodontidae . Geological Survey of South Africa Memoir , 82 : 1 – 53 .
  • King , G. M. 1981a . The postcranial skeleton of Robertia broomiana, an early dicynodont (Reptilia, Therapsida) from the South African Karoo . Annals of the South African Museum , 84 : 203 – 231 .
  • King , G. M. 1981b . The functional anatomy of a Permian dicynodont . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B , 291 : 243 – 322 .
  • King , G. M. 1988 . “ Anomodontia ” . In Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie , Edited by: Wellnhofer , P. Volume 17C , 174 Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag .
  • King , G. M. 1990 . The Dicynodonts: A Study in Palaeobiology , 233 London : Chapman and Hall .
  • King , G. M. 1992 . The paleobiogeography of Permian anomodonts . Terra Nova , 4 : 633 – 640 .
  • King , G. M. 1993 . How many species of Diictodon were there? . Annals of the South African Museum , 102 : 303 – 325 .
  • King , G. M. 1994 . The early anomodont Venjukovia and the evolution of the anomodont skull . Journal of Zoology, London , 232 : 351 – 673 .
  • King , G. M. and Rubidge , B. S. 1993 . A taxonomic revision of small dicynodonts with postcanine teeth . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 107 : 131 – 154 .
  • King , G. M. , Oelofsen , B. W. and Rubidge , B. S. 1989 . The evolution of the dicynodont feeding system . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 96 : 185 – 211 .
  • Maddison , D. R. 1991 . The discovery and importance of multiple islands of most-parsimonious trees . Systematic Zoology , 40 : 315 – 328 .
  • Maisch , M. W. 2004 . Lower jaw morphology and jaw adductor musculature of the giant Permian dicynodont Rhachiocephalus Seeley, 1898 (Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Tanzania . Geologica et Palaeontologica , 37 : 89 – 106 .
  • Modesto , S. P. and Rubidge , B. S. 1999 . New basal anomodont therapsids from the Upper Permian of South Africa: phylogenetic implications . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 19 ( 3, Supplement ) : 64A
  • Modesto , S. P. , Rubidge , B. S. and Welman , J. 2002 . A new dicynodont therapsid from the lowermost Beaufort Group, Upper Permian of South Africa . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 39 : 1755 – 1765 .
  • Modesto , S. P. , Rubidge , B. S. , Visser , I. and Welman , J. 2003 . A new basal dicynodont from the Upper Permian of South Africa . Palaeontology , 46 : 211 – 223 .
  • Nopcsa , F. 1923 . Die Familien der Reptilien , 210 Berlin : Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger .
  • Owen , R. 1860 . On the orders of fossil and recent Reptilia and their distribution in time . Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for , 1859 : 153 – 166 .
  • Owen , R. 1876 . Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the Collections of the British Museum , 88 London : Taylor and Francis .
  • Ray , S. 2000 . Endothiodont dicynodonts from the Late Permian Kundaram Formation, India . Palaeontology , 43 : 375 – 404 .
  • Ray , S. and Chinsamy , A. 2003 . Functional aspects of the postcranial anatomy of the Permian dicynodont Diictodon and their ecological implications . Palaeontology , 46 : 151 – 183 .
  • Renaut , A. J. 2001 . Dicynodont jaw mechanisms reconsidered: the Kannemeyeria (Anomodontia Therapsida) masticatory cycle . Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial , 7 : 167 – 170 .
  • Rubidge , B. S. 1995 . Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup) . South African Committee for Stratigraphy Biostratigraphic Series , 1 : 1 – 46 .
  • Rubidge , B. S. 2005 . Reuniting lost continents—fossil reptiles from the ancient Karoo and their wanderlust . South African Journal of Geology , 108 : 135 – 172 .
  • Rubidge , B. S. and Modesto , S. P. 2000 . New basal therapsids from the Permian of South Africa: implications for Karoo Basin development . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 20 ( 3, Supplement ) : 65A
  • Sidor , C. A. and Smith , R. M. H. 2007 . A second burnetiamorph therapsid from the Permian Teekloof Formation of South Africa and its associated fauna . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 27 : 420 – 430 .
  • Smith , R. M. H. 1993 . Vertebrate taphonomy of the Late Permian floodplain deposits in the southwestern Karoo Basin of South Africa . Palaios , 8 : 45 – 67 .
  • Smith , R. and Botha , J. 2005 . The recovery of terrestrial vertebrate diversity in the South African Karoo Basin after the end-Permian extinction . Comptes Rendus Palevol , 4 : 623 – 636 .
  • Smith , R. M. H. and Ward , P. D. 2001 . Pattern of vertebrate extinctions across an event bed at the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa . Geology , 29 : 1147 – 1150 .
  • Strong , E. E. and Lipscomb , D. 2000 . Character coding and inapplicable data . Cladistics , 15 : 363 – 371 .
  • Sullivan , C. and Reisz , R. R. 2005 . Cranial anatomy and taxonomy of the Late Permian dicynodont Diictodon . Annals of Carnegie Museum , 74 : 45 – 75 .
  • Sullivan , C. , Reisz , R. R. and Smith , R. M. H. 2003 . The Permian mammal-like herbivore Diictodon, the oldest known example of sexually dimorphic armament . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B , 270 : 173 – 178 .
  • Sun , A.-L. 1973 . A new species of Dicynodon from Sinkiang . Vertebrata Palasiatica , 11 : 52 – 58 .
  • Surkov , M. V. and Benton , M. J. 2004 . The basicranium of dicynodonts (Synapsida) and its use in phylogenetic analysis . Palaeontology , 47 : 619 – 638 .
  • Surkov , M. V. and Benton , M. J. 2008 . Head kinematics and feeding adaptations of the Permian and Triassic dicynodonts . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 28 : 1120 – 1129 .
  • Swofford , D. L. 2001 . PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4.0b10a , Sunderland , Massachusetts : Sinauer Associates .
  • Thiele , K. 1993 . The holy grail of the perfect character: the cladistic treatment of morphometric data . Cladistics , 9 : 275 – 304 .
  • Ward , P. D. , Botha , J. , Buick , R. , De Kock , M. O. , Erwin , D. H. , Garrison , G. H. , Kirschvink , J. L. and Smith , R. 2005 . Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa . Science , 307 : 709 – 714 .
  • Watson , D. M. S. 1948 . Dicynodon and its allies . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 118 : 823 – 877 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.