489
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Pliocene Giraffidae (Mammalia) from the Hadar Formation of Hadar and Ledi-Geraru, Lower Awash, Ethiopia

, &
Pages 470-481 | Received 24 May 2012, Accepted 20 Aug 2012, Published online: 05 Mar 2013

LITERATURE CITED

  • Arambourg , C. 1948 . “ Contribution à l’étude géologique et paléontologique du bassin du lac Rodolphe et de la basse vallée de l’Omo ” . In Paléontologie. Mission Scientifique de l’Omo. I. Fasc. 3: Géologie–Anthropologie , 231 – 562 . Editions du Muséum, Paris .
  • Arambourg , C. 1960 . Précisions nouvelles sur Libytherium maurusium Pomel, Giraffidé du Villafranchien d’Afrique . Bulletin de la Société géologique de France , 2 : 888 – 894 .
  • Arambourg , C. 1979 . Vertébrés villafranchiens d’Afrique du Nord (Artiodactyles, Carnivores, Primates, Reptiles, Oiseaux) . Fondation Singer-Polignac, Paris, France , : 141
  • Bärmann , E. V. and Rössner , G. E. 2011 . Dental nomenclature in Ruminantia: towards a standard terminological framework . Mammalian Biology , 76 : 762 – 768 .
  • Bedaso , Z. , Wynn , J. , Alemseged , Z. and Geraads , D. 2013 . Dietary and paleoenvironmental reconstruction using stable isotopes of herbivore tooth enamel from middle Pliocene Dikika, Ethiopia: implication for Australopithecus afarensis habitat and food resources . Journal of Human Evolution , 64 : 21 – 38 .
  • Bohlin , B. 1926 . Die Familie Giraffidae, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der fossilen Formen aus China . Palaeontologia Sinica , 4 : 1 – 178 .
  • Brisson , M. J. 1762 . Regnum animale in classes IX distributum… , 296 Leiden , , The Netherlands : Haak .
  • Campisano , C. J. 2007 . Tephrostratigraphy and hominin paleoenvironments of the Hadar Formation, Afar depression, Ethiopia. Ph.D. dissertation , 600 Rutgers , New Brunswick, New Jersey : State University of New Jersey .
  • Campisano , C. J. and Feibel , C. S. 2008 . Tephrostratigraphy of the Hadar and Busidima Formations at Hadar Formation, Afar Depression, Ethiopia . Geological Society of America Special Paper , 446 : 135 – 162 .
  • Churcher , C. S. 1978 . “ Giraffidae ” . In Evolution of African Mammals , Edited by: Maglio , V. J. and Cooke , H. B. S. 509 – 535 . Cambridge , Massachusetts : Harvard University Press .
  • Dietrich , W. O. 1941 . Die säugetierpaläontologischen Ergebnisse der Kohl-Larsen'schen Expedition 1937–1939 im nördlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika . Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie , 1941B : 217 – 223 .
  • Dietrich , W. O. 1942 . Altestquartäre Säugetiere aus der südlichen Serengeti, Deutsch-Ostafrika . Paleontographica A , 94 : 43 – 133 .
  • Ditchfield , P. , Hicks , J. , Plummer , T. W. , Bishop , L. and Potts , R. 1999 . Current research on the late Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits north of Homa Moutain, southwestern Kenya . Journal of Human Evolution , 36 : 123 – 150 .
  • Falconer , H. and Cautley , P. T. 1836 . Sivatherium giganteum, a new fossil ruminant genus, from the valley of Murkunda, in the Sewalik branch of the subhimalayan mountains . Asiatic Researches , 19 : 1 – 24 .
  • Franz-Odendaal , T. A. and Solounias , N. 2004 . Comparative dietary evaluations of an extinct giraffid (Sivatherium hendeyi) (Mammalia, Giraffidae, Sivatheriinae) from Langebaanweg, South Africa (early Pliocene) . Geodiversitas , 26 : 675 – 685 .
  • Garrido , G. and Arribas , A. 2008 . Sobre la única población conocida del jiráfido Mitilanotherium (Giraffidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) en el Plioceno superior terminal de Europa occidental (Fonelas P-1, Cuenca de Cadix, Granada) . Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, serie Cuadernos del Museo Geominero , 10 : 397 – 411 .
  • Gaudry , A. and Lartet , E. 1856 . Résultats des recherches paléontologiques entreprises dans l’Attique sous les auspices de l’Académie . Comptes-rendus des séances de l’Académie des Sciences , 43 : 271 – 274 .
  • Geraads , D. 1979 . Les Giraffinae (Giraffidae, Mammalia) du Miocène supérieur de la région de Thessalonique (Grèce) . Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle C , 1 : 377 – 389 .
  • Geraads , D. 1981 . Bovidae et Giraffidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du Pléistocène de Ternifine (Algérie) . Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle , 3 : 47 – 86 .
  • Geraads , D. 1985 . Sivatherium maurusium (Pomel) (Giraffidae, Mammalia) du Pléistocène de la République de Djibouti . Paläontologische Zeitschrift , 59 : 311 – 321 .
  • Geraads , D. 1986a . Remarques sur la systématique et la phylogénie des Giraffidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) . Geobios , 19 : 465 – 477 .
  • Geraads , D. 1986b . Ruminants pléistocènes d’Oubeidiyeh . Mémoires et Travaux du Centre de Recherche Français de Jérusalem , 5 : 143 – 181 .
  • Geraads , D. 1991 . Derived features of Giraffid ossicones . Journal of Mammalogy , 72 : 213 – 214 .
  • Geraads , D. 1996 . Le Sivatherium (Giraffidae, Mammalia) du Pliocène final d’Ahl al Oughlam (Casablanca, Maroc), et l’évolution du genre en Afrique . Paläontologische Zeitschrift , 70 : 623 – 629 .
  • Geraads , D. 1998 . Le gisement de vertébrés pliocènes de Çalta, Ankara, Turquie. 9. Cervidae et Giraffidae . Geodiversitas , 20 : 455 – 465 .
  • Geraads , D. 2009 . Giraffidae (Mammalia) de la fin du Néogène de la République de Macédoine (ARYM) . Geodiversitas , 31 : 893 – 908 .
  • Geraads , D. , Bobe , R. and Reed , K. 2012 . Pliocene Bovidae (Mammalia) from the Hadar Formation of Hadar and Ledi-Geraru, Lower Awash, Ethiopia . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 32 : 180 – 197 .
  • Gray , J. E. 1821 . On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals . London Medical Repository , 15 : 296 – 310 .
  • Haile-Selassie , Y. 2009 . “ Giraffidae ” . In Ardipithecus kadabba—Late Miocene Evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia , Edited by: Haile-Selassie , Y. and WoldeGabriel , G. 389 – 395 . Berkeley, California : University of California Press .
  • Harris , J. M. 1974 . Orientation and variability in the ossicones of African Sivatheriinae (Mammalia: Giraffidae) . Annals of the South African Museum , 65 : 189 – 198 .
  • Harris , J. M. 1976a . Pleistocene Giraffidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from East Rudolf, Kenya . Fossil Vertebrates of Africa , 4 : 283 – 332 .
  • Harris , J. M. 1976b . Pliocene Giraffoidea (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Cape Province . Annals of the South African Museum , 69 : 325 – 353 .
  • Harris , J. M. 1987 . “ Fossil Giraffidae and Camelidae from Laetoli; pp ” . In Laetoli, A Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania , Edited by: Leakey , M. D. and Harris , J. M. 358 – 377 . Oxford , , U.K : Clarendon Press .
  • Harris , J. M. 1991 . “ Family Giraffidae ” . In Koobi Fora Research Project, 3: The Fossil Ungulates: Geology, Fossil Artiodactyls and Palaeoenvironments , Edited by: Harris , J. M. 93 – 138 . Oxford , , U.K : Clarendon Press .
  • Harris , J. M. 2003 . “ Lothagam giraffids ” . In Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa , Edited by: Leakey , M. G. and Harris , J. M. 523 – 530 . New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Harris , J. M. and Cerling , T. E. 1998 . Isotopic changes in the diet of giraffids . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 18 ( 3, Supplement ) :49A.
  • Harris , J. M. , Brown , F. H. and Leakey , M. G. 1988 . Stratigraphy and paleontology of Pliocene and Pleistocene localities west of lake Turkana, Kenya . Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of the Los Angeles County , 399 : 1 – 128 .
  • Harris , J. M. , Solounias , N. and Geraads , D. 2010 . “ Giraffoidea ” . In Cenozoic Mammals of Africa , Edited by: Werdelin , T. and Sanders , W. J. 797 – 812 . Berkeley , , California : University of California Press .
  • Haughton , S. H. 1922 . A note on some fossils from the Vaal River Gravels . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa , 24 : 11 – 16 .
  • Kingston , J. D. and Harrison , T. 2007 . Isotopic dietary reconstructions of Pliocene herbivores at Laetoli: implications for early hominin paleoecology . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 243 : 272 – 306 .
  • Kostopoulos , D. S. and Athanassiou , A. 2005 . In the shadow of bovids: suids, cervids and giraffids from the Plio-Pleistocene of Greece . Quaternaire H.S. , 2 : 179 – 190 .
  • Kostopoulos , D. S. , Koliadimou , K. K. and Koufos , G. D. 1996 . The giraffids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Late Miocene mammalian localities of Nikiti (Macedonia, Greece) . Palaeontographica , 239 : 61 – 88 .
  • Leakey , L. S. B. 1965 . “ Olduvai Gorge 1951–61 ” . In Fauna and Background. A Preliminary Report on the Geology and Fauna , 109 Cambridge , , U.K : Cambridge University Press .
  • Leakey , L. S. B. 1970 . Additional information on the status of Giraffa jumae from East Africa . Fossil Vertebrates of Africa , 2 : 325 – 330 .
  • Likius , A. 2002 . Les grands ongulés du Mio-Pliocène du Tchad (Rhinocerotidae, Giraffidae, Camelidae): systématique, implications paléobiogéographiques et paléoenvironnementales , 193 Poitiers , , France : University of Poitiers . Doctoral thesis
  • Likius , A. , Vignaud , P. and Brunet , M. 2007 . Une nouvelle espèce du genre Bohlinia (Mammalia, Giraffidae) du Miocène supérieur de Toros-Menalla, Tchad . Comptes Rendus Palevol , 6 : 211 – 220 .
  • Linnæus , C. 1758 . Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis , 824 Stockholm , , Sweden : Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Salvii .
  • Murie , J. 1871 . On the systematic position of the Sivatherium giganteum of Falconer and Cautley . The Geological Magazine , 8 : 438 – 448 .
  • Pomel , A. 1892 . Sur le Libytherium maurusium, grand ruminant du terrain pliocène plaisancien de l’Algérie . Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences , 115 : 100 – 102 .
  • Robinson , C. 2011 . “ Giraffidae ” . In Paleontology and Geology of Laetoli, Volume 2 , Edited by: Harrison , T. 339 – 362 . Dordrecht , , The Netherlands : Springer . 600
  • Rothschild , M. de and Neuville , H. Recherches sur l’okapi et les girafes de l’est africain , Vol. 1 , 1910 – 1911 . Paris , , France : Masson . Volume 2: 185 pp., 93
  • Singer , R. and Boné , E. L. 1961 . Modern giraffes and the fossil Giraffids of Africa . Annals of the South African Museum , 45 : 375 – 548 .
  • Spinage , C. A. 1968 . Horns and other bony structures of the skull of the giraffe, and their functional significance . East African Wildlife Journal , 6 : 53 – 61 .
  • Spinage , C. A. 1993 . The median ossicone of Giraffa camelopardalis . Journal of Zoology , 230 : 1 – 5 .
  • van Hoepen , E. C. N. 1932 . Voorlopige beskryving van Vrystaatse Soogdiere . Paleontologiese Navorsing van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein , 2 : 63 – 65 .
  • White , T. D , Ambrose , S. H. , Suwa , G. , Su , D. F. , DeGusta , D. , Bernor , R. L. , Boisserie , J.-R. , Brunet , M. , Delson , E. , Frost , S. , Garcia , N. , Giaourtsakis , I. X. , Haile-Selassie , Y. , Howell , F. C. , Lehmann , T. , Likius , A. , Pehlevan , C. , Saegusa , H. , Semprebon , G. , Teaford , M. and Vrba , E. 2009 . Macrovertebrate Paleontology and the Pliocene habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus . Science , 326 : 87 – 93 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.