A new genus for Onohippidium galushai Macfadden and Skinner, 1979 (Mammalia, Equidae), from the late Hemphillian of North America

LITERATURE CITED

• Alberdi, M. T. 1987. La familia Equidae, Gray 1821 (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) en El Pleistoceno de Sudamérica; pp. 484–499 in Asociación Boliviana de Paleontologia (ed.), IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología: Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Bolivia, 27–30 July 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Alberdi, M. T., and J. L. Prado. 1992. El registro de Hippidion Owen, 1869 y Equus (Amerhippus) Hoffstetter, 1950 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) en América del Sur. Ameghiniana 29:265–284.
   Google Scholar
• Alberdi, M. T., and J. L. Prado. 1993. Review of the genus Hippidion Owen, 1869 (Mammalia; Perissodactyla) from the Pleistocene of South America. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 108:1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberdi, M. T., and J. L. Prado. 1998. Comments on: Pleistocene horses from Tarija, Bolivia, and the validity of the genus Onohippidium (Mammalia: Equidae), by B. J. MacFadden. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:669–672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberdi, M. T., and J. L. Prado (eds.). 2004. Caballos fósiles de América del Sur: una historia de tres millones de años. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales (UNCPBA), Olavarría, Argentina, 269 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Alberdi, M. T., L. Miotti, and J. L. Prado. 2001. Hippidion saldiasi Roth, 1899 (Equidae, Perissodactyla), at the Piedra Museo Site (Santa Cruz, Argentina): its implication for the regional economy and environmental reconstruction. Journal of Archaeological Science 28: 411–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardes, C., F. L. Sicuro, L. S. Avilla, and A. E. P. Pinheiro. 2013. Rostral reconstruction of South American hippidiforms (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae): new anatomical and ecomorphological inferences. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58:669–678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervais, P. (ed.). 1855. Recherches sur les Mammifères fossiles de l'Amérique méridionale. P. Bertrand, Libraire-Editeur, Paris, 63 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository Review 15:296–310.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffstetter, R. 1950. Algunas observaciones sobre los Caballos fósiles de la América del Sur. Amerhippus gen. nov. Boletín Informaciones Científicas Nacionales 3(26–27):426–454.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, P. W. 1846. Meddelelse af det udbytte de i atten hundrede fire og fyrre undersögte knoglehuler have afgivet til kundskaben om Brasiliens dyreverden för sidste jordeomvaeltning. Det kongelige danske videnskabernes selskabs naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske afhandlinger 12:57–94.
   Google Scholar
• MacFadden, B. J. 1997. Pleistocene horses from Tarija, Bolivia, and validity of the genus Onohippidium (Mammalia: Equidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17:199–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacFadden, B. J. 1998. Preorbital facial fossae, †Onohippidium, and origin of South American Pleistocene horses: response to Alberdi and Prado. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:673–675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacFadden, B. J., and M. Skinner. 1979. Diversification and biogeography of the one-toed horses Onohippidium and Hippidion. Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History Postilla 175:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, F. P. 1891. Onohippidium munizi: breve noticia sobre los restos fósiles de un genero nuevo de la familia de los Equidae conservadas em el Museo de La Plata. Revista del Museo de La Plata 2:65–71.
   Google Scholar
• Orlando, L., J. L. Metcalf, M. T. Alberdi, M. Telles-Antunes, D. Bonjean, M. Otte, F. Martin, F. Eisenmann, M. Mashkour, F. Morello, J. L. Prado, R. Salas-Gismondi, B. J. Shockey, P. J. Wrinn, S. K. Vasil'ev, N. D. Ovodov, M. I. Cherry, B. Hopwood, D. Male, J. J. Austin, C. Hänni, and A. Cooper. 2009. Revising the recent evolutionary history of equids using ancient DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 21754–21759.
   Google Scholar
• Owen, R. 1848. Description of the teeth and portions of the jaw of two extinct anthracotheroid quadrupeds (Hyopotamus vectianus and Hyop. bovines) discovered by the Marchioness of Hastings in the Eocene deposits on the N. W. Cost of the Isle of Wright: with an attempt to the develop Cuvier's idea of the classification of pachyderms by the number their toes. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 4:103–141.
   Google Scholar
• Prado, J. L., and M. T. Alberdi. 1996. A cladistic analysis of the horses of the tribe Equini. Palaeontology 39: 663–680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth, S. 1899. El mamífero misterioso de la Patagonia Grypotherium domesticum. II. Descripción de los restos encontrados en la Caverna de Ultima Esperanza. Revista del Museo de La Plata 9:421–453.
   Google Scholar
• Strömberg, C. E. A. 2006. Evolution of hypsodonty in equids: testing a hypothesis of adaptation. Paleobiology 32:236–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstock, J., E. Willerslev, A. Sher, W. Tong, S. Ho, D. Rubenstein, J. Storer, J. Burns, L. Martin, C. Bravi, A. Prieto, D. Froese, E. Scott, L. Xulong, and A. Cooper. 2005. Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World: a molecular perspective. PLoS Biology 3:e241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Submitted October 1, 2013; revisions received April 6, 2014; accepted May 14, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Handling editor: Ed Davis.
   Google Scholar