A Dorcatherium (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Middle Miocene) petrosal bone and the tragulid ear region

LITERATURE CITED

• Aiglstorfer, M., G. E. Rössner, and M. Böhme. 2014. Dorcatherium naui and pecoran ruminants from the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 94:83–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billet, G., L. Hautier, and R. Lebrun. 2015a. Morphological diversity of the bony labyrinth (inner ear) in extant xenarthrans and its relation to phylogeny. Journal of Mammalogy 96:658–672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billet, G., C. de Muizon, R. Schellhorn, I. Ruf, S. Ladevèze, and L. Bergqvist. 2015b. Petrosal and inner ear anatomy and allometry amongst specimens referred to Litopterna (Placentalia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173:956–987. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costeur, L. 2014. The petrosal bone and inner ear of Micromeryx flourensianus (Artiodactyla, Moschidae) and inferred potential for ruminant phylogenetics. Zitteliana B 32:1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Costeur, L., C. Guérin, and O. Maridet. 2012. Paléoécologie et paléoenvironnement du site miocène de Sansan; pp. 661–693 in S. Peigné and S. Sen (eds.), Mammifères de Sansan. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 203, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Costeur, L., G. Schulz, and B. Müller. 2014. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography to understand ruminant phylogeny. Proceedings of SPIE 9212:921216-2.
   Google Scholar
• Ekdale, E. G. 2010. Ontogenetic variation in the bony labyrinth of Monodelphis domestica (Mammalia: Marsupialia) following ossification of the inner ear cavities. The Anatomical Record 293:1896–1912.
   Google Scholar
• Ekdale, E. G. 2013. Comparative anatomy of the bony labyrinth (inner ear) of placental mammals. PLoS ONE 8:e66624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grohé, C., Z. J. Tseng, R. Lebrun, R. Boistel, and J. J. Flynn. 2015. Bony labyrinth shape variation in extant Carnivora: a case study of Musteloidea. Journal of Anatomy. doi: 10.1111/joa.12421.
   Google Scholar
• Gunz, P., M. Ramsier, M. Kuhrig, J. J. Hublin, and F. Spoor. 2012. The mammalian bony labyrinth reconsidered, introducing a comprehensive geometric morphometric approach. Journal of Anatomy 220:529–543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassanin, A., F. Delsuc, A. Ropiquet, C. Hammere, B. J. van Vuuren, C. Matthee, M. Ruiz-Garcia, F. Catzeflis, V. Areskoug, T. T. Nguyen, and A. Couloux. 2012. Pattern and timing of diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 335:32–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández Fernández, M., and E. S. Vrba. 2005. A complete estimate of the phylogenetic relationships in Ruminantia: a dated species-level supertree of the extant ruminants. Biological Reviews 80:269–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaup, J.-J., and J. B. Scholl. 1834. Verzeichniss der Gypsabgüsse von den ausgezeichnetsten urweltlichen Thierresten des Grossherzogliche Museums zu Darmstadt. Zweite Ausgabe. J. P. Diehl, Darmstadt:6–28.
   Google Scholar
• Lartet, E. 1851. Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, Suivie d'une Récapitulation de Diverses Espèces d'Animaux Vertébrés Fossiles Trouvés soit à Sansan, soit dans d'Autres Gisements du Terrain Tertiaire Miocène dans le Bassin Sous-Pyrénéen. J.-A. Portes, Auch, 45pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lebrun, R., M. S. Ponce de León, P. Tafforeau, and C. P. E. Zollikofer. 2010. Deep evolutionary roots of strepsirrhine primate labyrinthine morphology. Journal of Anatomy 216:368–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, Z.-X., I. Ruff, J. A. Schultz, and T. Martin. 2010. Fossil evidence on evolution of inner ear cochlea in Jurassic mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 278:28–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macrini, T. E., J. J. Flynn, X. Ni, D. A. Croft, and A. R. Wyss. 2013. Comparative study of notoungulate (Placentalia, Mammalia) bony labyrinths and new phylogenetically informative inner ear characters. Journal of Anatomy 223:442–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennecart, B., and G. Métais. 2015. Mosaicomeryx gen. nov., a ruminant mammal from the Oligocene of Europe and the significance of ‘gelocids’. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13:581–600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennecart, B., D. Becker, and J.-P. Berger. 2011. Iberomeryx minor (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Early Oligocene of Soulce (Canton Jura, NW Switzerland): systematics and palaeodiet. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 104(Supplement 1):S115–S132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Métais, G., and I. Vislobokova. 2007. Basal ruminants; pp. 189–212 in D. R. Prothero and S. E. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Milne Edwards, A. 1864. Recherches anatomiques, zoologiques et paléontologiques sur la famille des chevrotains. Annales de Science Naturelle Paris 5:1–167.
   Google Scholar
• Morales, J., I. M. Sánchez, and V. Quiralte. 2012. Les Tragulidae (Artiodactyla) de Sansan; pp. 225–247 in S. Peigné and S. Sen (eds.), Mammifères de Sansan. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 203, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Nixon, K. C. 2002. WinClada (BETA), version 1.00.08. Published by the author, Ithaca, New York.
   Google Scholar
• O'Leary, M. A. 2010. An anatomical and phylogenetic study of the osteology of the petrosal of extant and extinct artiodactylans (Mammalia) and relatives. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 335:1–206.
   Google Scholar
• Orliac, M. J., and M. A. O'Leary. 2014. Comparative anatomy of the petrosal bone of dichobunoids, early members of Artiodactylamorpha (Mammalia). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21:299–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orliac, M. J., J. Benoit, and M. A. O'Leary. 2012. The inner ear of Diacodexis, the oldest artiodactyl mammal. Journal of Anatomy 221:417–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen, R. 1848. Description of teeth and portions of jaws of two extinct Anthracotheroid quadrupeds (Hyopotamus vectianus and Hyop. bovinus) discovered by the Marchioness of Hastings in the Eocene deposits on the N.W. coast of the Isle of Wight: with an attempt to develop Cuvier's idea of the classification of Pachyderms by the number of their toes. Proceedings of the Geological Society 4:103–141.
   Google Scholar
• Peigné, S., and S. Sen. 2012. Avant-propos; pp. 9–10 in S. Peigné and S. Sen (eds.), Mammifères de Sansan. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 203, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Ravel, A., and M. Orliac. 2014. The inner ear morphology of the condylarthran Hyopsodus lepidus. Historical Biology 27:957–969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rössner, G. E. 2007. Tragulidae; pp. 213–220 in D. R. Prothero and S. E. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Rössner, G. E., and K. Heissig. 2013. New records of Dorcatherium guntianum (Tragulidae), stratigraphical framework, and diphyletic origin of Miocene European tragulids. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 106:335–347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez, I. M., V. Quiralte, M. Morales, and M. Pickford. 2010. A new genus of tragulid ruminant from the early Miocene of Kenya. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55:177–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez, I. M., V. Quiralte, M. Ríos, J. Morales, and M. Pickford. 2014. First African record of the Miocene Asian mouse-deer Siamotragulus (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Tragulidae): implications for the phylogeny and evolutionary history of the advanced selenodont tragulids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13:543–556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaulding, M., M.A. O'Leary, and J. Gatesy. 2009. Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution. PLoS ONE 4:1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, S. D., and B. E. Taylor. 1980. The phylogeny of hornless ruminants and a description of the cranium of Archaeomeryx. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 167:117–158.
   Google Scholar
• Handling editor: Faysal Bibi.
   Google Scholar