The earliest osteostracan Kalanaspis delectabilis gen. et sp. nov. from the mid-Aeronian (mid-Llandovery, lower Silurian) of Estonia

LITERATURE CITED

• Afanassieva, O. B. 1991. [The osteostracans of the USSR (Agnatha)]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta SSSR 248:1–144. [Russian]
   Google Scholar
• Afanassieva, O. B. 2004. [Subclass Osteostraci]; pp. 210–267 in L. I. Novitskaya and O. B. Afanassieva (eds.), [Fossil vertebrates of Russia and adjacent countries. Agnathans and early fishes]. GEOS, Moscow. [Russian]
   Google Scholar
• Ainsaar, L., O. Tinn, P. Männik, and T. Meidla. 2014. Stop B1. Kalana Quarry; pp. 174–177 in H. Bauert, O. Hints, T. Meidla, and P. Männik (eds.), 4th Annual Meeting of IGCP 591, Estonia, 10–19 June 2014. Abstracts and Field Guide. University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, L. S. 1937. A classification of fish-like vertebrates. Bulletin de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS. Classe des Sciences mathématiques et naturelles, 1277–1280. [In English with Russian summary]
   Google Scholar
• Cocks, L. R. M., and T. H. Torsvik. 2005. Baltica from the late Precambrian to mid-Paleozoic times: the gain and loss of a terrane's identity. Earth-Science Reviews 72:39–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cossman, M. 1920. Rectifications de nomenclature. Revue critique de paleózoologie et de paleóphytologie, 24, 81–83. Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, N. S., P. Turner, and I. J. Sansom. 2005. A revised stratigraphy for the Ringerike Group (Upper Silurian, Oslo Region). Norwegian Journal of Geology 85:193–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison, R. H. 1947. The exoskeleton of Tremataspis. American Journal of Science 245:337–365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison, R. H. 1951a. Evolution and classification of the Osteostraci. Fieldiana: Geology 11:155–196.
   Google Scholar
• Denison, R. H. 1951b. The exoskeleton of the early Osteostraci. Fieldiana: Geology 11:197–218.
   Google Scholar
• Denison, R. H. 1952. Types and figured specimens of fossil fishes in the Patten collection, Dartmouth College Museum, Hanover, New Hampshire. American Midland Naturalist 48:161–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison, R. H. 1956. Review of the habitat of the earliest vertebrates. Fieldiana: Geology 11:357–457.
   Google Scholar
• Eichwald, E. von. 1854. Die Grauwackenschichten von Liv-, und Esthland. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 27:1–111.
   Google Scholar
• Foerste, A. F. 1923. Notes on Medinan, Niagaran and Chester fossils. Denison University Bulletin 20:27–120.
   Google Scholar
• Forey, P. L. 1995. Agnathans recent and fossil, and the origin of jawed vertebrates. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 5:267–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forey, P. L., and P. Janvier. 1993. Agnathans and the origin of jawed vertebrates. Nature 361:129–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heintz, A. 1939. Cephalaspida from Downtonian of Norway. Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi I Oslo (Matematisk-naturvidenskapelig Klasse) 5:1–119+30pls.
   Google Scholar
• Heintz, A. 1967. A new tremataspidid from Ringerike, South Norway. Journal of the Linnean Society London (Zoology) 47:55–68.
   Google Scholar
• Heintz, A. 1969. New agnaths from Ringerike Sandstone. Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi I Oslo (Matematisk-naturvidenskapelig Klasse), Ny Serie 26:1–28+7pls.
   Google Scholar
• Heintz, A. 1974. Additional remarks about Hemicyclaspis from Jeløya, southern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 54:375–384.
   Google Scholar
• International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. 306 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Janvier, P. 1981. The phylogeny of the Craniata, with particular reference to the significance of fossil “agnathans.” Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1(2):121–159.
   Google Scholar
• Janvier, P. 1985a. Les thyestidiens (Osteostraci) du Silurien de Saaremaa (Estonie). Deuxième partie: analyse phylogénétique, répartition stratigraphique, remarques sur les genres Auchenaspis, Timanaspis, Tyriaspis, Didymaspis, Sclerodus et Tannuaspis. Annales de Paléontologie 71:187–216.
   Google Scholar
• Janvier, P. 1985b. Les thyestidiens (Osteostraci) du Silurien de Saaremaa (Estonie). Première partie: morphologie et anatomie. Annales de Paléontologie 71:83–147.
   Google Scholar
• Janvier, P., and H. Lelièvre. 1994. A new tremataspid osteostracan, Aestiaspis viitaensis n. g., n. sp., from the Silurian of Saaremaa, Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology 43:122–128.
   Google Scholar
• Kiaer, J. 1911. A new Downtonian fauna in the Sandstone series of the Kristiania area. A preliminary report. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I. Matematiske-Naturvidenskapslige Klasse 7:1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Lankester, E. R. 1868. A monograph of the fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Britain. Part I. The Cephalaspidae. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society London 21:1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Lankester, E. R. 1870. A monograph of the fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Britain. Part I. The Cephalaspidae. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society London 23:33–62.
   Google Scholar
• Männik, P., O. Tinn, D. K. Loydell, and L. Ainsaar. 2016. Age of the Kalana Lagerstätte, early Silurian, Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 65:105–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Märss, T. 1982. Vertebrate zones in the East Baltic Silurian; pp. 97–106 in D. Kaljo and E. Klaamann (eds.), Ecostratigraphy of the East Baltic Silurian. Valgus, Tallinn, Estonia.
   Google Scholar
• Märss, T. 1986. Silurian Vertebrates of Estonia and West Latvia. Fossilia Baltica 1. Valgus, Tallinn, Estonia, 104 pp. [Russian with English summary]
   Google Scholar
• Märss, T. 1990. Vertebrates; pp. 93–96 in D. Kaljo and H. Nestor (eds.), Field Meeting, Estonia 1990. An Excursion Guidebook. Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia.
   Google Scholar
• Märss, T. 2006. Exoskeletal ultrasculpture of early vertebrates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26:235–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Märss, T., and P. Männik. 2013. Revision of Silurian vertebrate biozones and their correlation with the conodont succession. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 62:181–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Märss, T., and A. Ritchie. 1998. Articulated thelodonts (Agnatha) of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 88(Part 3):143–195.
   Google Scholar
• Märss, T., O. Afanassieva, and H. Blom. 2014. Biodiversity of the Silurian osteostracans of the East Baltic. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 105:73–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Märss, T., S. Turner, and V. Karataju̅te-Talimaa. 2007. “Agnatha” II. Thelodonti; in H.-P. Schultze (ed.), Handbook of Paleoichthyology, Volume 1B. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, 143 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Märss, T., M. V. H. Wilson, and R. Thorsteinsson. 2006. Silurian and Lower Devonian thelodonts and putative chondrichthyans from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Special Papers in Palaeontology 75:1–140.
   Google Scholar
• Mastik, V., and O. Tinn. 2015. New dasycladalean algal species from the Kalana Lagerstätte (Silurian, Estonia). Journal of Paleontology 89:262–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obruchev, D. V. 1964. Subclass Osteostraci (Cephalaspiden); pp. 84–107 in D. V. Obruchev (ed.), Fundamentals of Paleontology. Agnathans and Fishes. Nauka, Moscow.
   Google Scholar
• Pander, Ch. 1856. Monographie der fossilen Fische der silurischen Systems der Russisch-Baltischen Gouvernements. Buchdrückerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie des Wissenschaften, St Petersburg, 91 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Patten, W. 1903a. On the appendages of Tremataspis. American Naturalist 37:223–242.
   Google Scholar
• Patten, W. 1903b. On the structure and classification of the Tremataspidae. Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. Classe Physico-Mathématique 13:1–33.
   Google Scholar
• Patten, W. 1931a. The Dartmouth Expedition to the Island of Oesel. The Dartmouth Alumni Magazine 23:540–544.
   Google Scholar
• Patten, W. 1931b. New ostracoderms from Oesel. Science 73:671–673.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ritchie, A. 1967. Ateleaspis tessellata Traquair, a non-cornuate cephalaspid from the Upper Silurian of Scotland. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 47:69–81.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, A. 1985. Ainiktozoon loganense Scourfield, a protochordate from the Silurian of Scotland. Alcheringa 9:117–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1935a. Oeselaspis, a new genus of ostracoderm. American Journal of Science 29:453–461.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1935b. The ostracoderm genus Dartmuthia Patten. American Journal of Science 29:323–335.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1935c. The ostracoderm order Osteostraci. Science 82:282–283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1938a. New genera of ostracoderms from the Upper Silurian of Oesel. Journal of Paleontology 12:486–493.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1938b. The Tremataspididae. American Journal of Science, Part I, vol. 35, 172–206.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1938c. The Tremataspididae. American Journal of Science, part II, vol 35, 273–296.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1939a. The status of Cephalaspis schrenkii Pander from the Upper Silurian of Oesel. Journal of Geology 47:649–657.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1939b. An Upper Silurian vertebrate horizon with description of a new species, Cephalaspis oeselensis. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 42:357–363.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1940a. The sensory canal system in some early vertebrates. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 43:467–471.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1940b. Witaaspis patteni, a new ostracoderm from the Upper Silurian of Oesel. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 43:297–298.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1945. Cephalaspids from the Upper Silurian of Oesel [Estonia], with a discussion of cephalaspid genera. American Journal of Science 243:169–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1949. Some contributions of fossil study to the problem of vertebrate origin. The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 56:379–384.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, G. M. 1950. Species criteria in Osteostraci, with special reference to the genus Tremataspis. American Journal of Science 248:335–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansom, R. 2008. The origin and early evolution of the Osteostraci (Vertebrata): a phylogeny for the Thyestiida. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6:317–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansom, R. 2009. Phylogeny, classification and character polarity of the Osteostraci (Vertebrata). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 7:95–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansom, R. S., E. Randle, and P. C. J. Donoghue. 2015. Discriminating signal from noise in the fossil record of early vertebrates reveals cryptic evolutionary history. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282:20142245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swofford, D. L. 2016. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods) Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachussets.
   Google Scholar
• Tarlo, L. B. H. 1967. Agnatha; pp. 629–636 in W. B. Harland, C. H. Holland, M. R. House, N. F. Hughes, A. B. Reynolds, M. J. S. Rudwick, G. E. Satterthwaite, L. B. Tarlo, and E. C. Willey (eds.), The Fossil Record. London Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2.
   Google Scholar
• Tinn, O., V. Mastik, L. Ainsaar, and T. Meidla. 2015. Kalania pusilla, an exceptionally preserved non-calcified alga from the lower Silurian (Aeronian, Llandovery) of Estonia. Palaeoworld 24:207–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinn, O., T. Meidla, L. Ainsaar, and T. Pani. 2009. Thallophytic algal flora from a new Silurian Lagerstätte. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58:38–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traquair, R. H. 1899. Report on fossil fishes collected by the Geological Survey of Scotland in the Silurian Rocks of the south of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 39(Part 3):827–864.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, P. 1974. Lithostratigraphy and facies analysis of the Ringerike Group of the Oslo Region. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 314:101–132.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, P., and S. Turner. 1974. Thelodonts from the Upper Silurian of Ringerike, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tiddskrift 54:182–192.
   Google Scholar
• Westoll, T. S. 1945. A new cephalaspid fish from the Downtonian of Scotland, with notes on the structure and classification of ostracoderms. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 61:341–357.
   Google Scholar
• Woodward, A. S. 1891. Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. British Museum (Natural History), London, 567 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Worsley, D. 1982. The Silurian succession of the Oslo Region – a lithostratigraphical framework. In D. Worsley (ed.). IUGS Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy. Field Meeting, Oslo Region 1982. Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo 278:11–19.
   Google Scholar