410
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The postcranial anatomy of Diademodon tetragonus (Cynodontia, Cynognathia)

, &
Article: e1451872 | Received 01 Sep 2017, Accepted 03 Jan 2018, Published online: 30 Apr 2018

LITERATURE CITED

  • Abdala, F. 1999. Elementos postcraneanos de Cynognathus (Synapsida-Cynodontia) del Triásico Inferior de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Consideraciones sobre la morfología del húmero en cinodontes. Revista Española de Paleontología 14:13–24.
  • Abdala, F. , and R. M. H. Smith . 2009. A middle Triassic cynodont fauna from Namibia and its implications for the biogeography of Gondwana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:837–851.
  • Abdala, F. , P. J. Hancox , and J. Neveling . 2005. Cynodonts from the uppermost Burgersdorp Formation, South Africa, and their bearing on the biostratigraphy and correlation of the Triassic Cynognathus Assemblage Zone. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25:192–199.
  • Abdala, F. , C. A. Marsicano , R. H. M. Smith , and R. Swart . 2013. Strengthening western Gondwanan correlations: a Brazilian dicynodont (Synapsida, Anomodontia) in the Middle Triassic of Namibia. Gondwana Research 23:1151–1162.
  • Bonaparte, J. F. 1963. Descripción del esqueleto postcraneano de Exaeretodon . Acta Geológica Lilloana 4:5–52.
  • Bonaparte, J. F. 1966. Una nueva “fauna” Triásica de Argentina. (Therapsida: Cynodontia–Dicynodontia). Consideraciones filogenéticas y paleobiogeográficas. Ameghiniana 4:243–296.
  • Botha, J. , and A. Chinsamy . 2000. Growth patterns deduced from the bone histology of the cynodonts Diademodon and Cynognathus . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20:705–711.
  • Botha, J. , J. Lee-Thorp , and A. Chinsamy . 2005. The palaeoecology of the non-mammalian cynodonts Diademodon and Cynognathus from the Karoo Basin of South Africa, using stable light isotope analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 223:303–316.
  • Bradu, D. , and F. E. Grine . 1979. Multivariate analysis of Diademodon crania from South Africa and Zambia. South African Journal of Science 75:441–448.
  • Brink, A. S. 1955. A study on the skeleton of Diademodon . Palaeontologia africana 3:3–39.
  • Brink, A. S. 1956. Speculations on some advanced mammalian characteristics in the higher mammal-like reptiles. Palaeontologia africana 4:77–96.
  • Brink, A. S. 1963. Notes on some Diademodon specimens in the collection of the Bernard Price Institute. Palaeontologia africana 8:97–111.
  • Brink, A. S. 1979. Genera and species of the Diademodontinae. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of South Africa 65:1–50.
  • Broili, F. , and J. Schröder . 1935. Beobachtungen an Wirbeltieren der Karooformation. IX Über den Schädel von Gomphognathus Seeley. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1935:115–182.
  • Broom, R. 1903. On the axis, atlas and proatlas in the higher theriodonts. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 73:177–180.
  • Broom, R. 1905. On the use of the term Anomodontia. Records of the Albany Museum 1:266–269.
  • Broom, R. 1911. On the structure of the skull in cynodont reptiles. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 81:893–925.
  • Broom, R. 1919. On the genus Gomphognathus and its allies. Records of the Albany Museum 3:223–232.
  • Crompton, A. W. 1955. On some Triassic cynodont from Tanganyika. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 125:617–669.
  • Crompton, A. W. 1972. Postcanine occlusion in cynodonts and tritylodonts. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 21:29–71.
  • Ezcurra, M. D. , L. E. Fiorelli , A. G. Martinelli , S. Rocher , M. B. von Baczko , M. Ezpeleta , J. R. A. Taborda , E. M. Hechenleitner , M. J. Trotteyn , and J. B. Desojo . 2017. Deep faunistic turnovers preceded the rise of dinosaurs in southwestern Pangaea. Nature Ecology and Evolution 1:1477–1483. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0305-5.
  • Fourie, S. 1963. Tooth replacement in the gomphodont cynodont Diademodon . South African Journal of Science 59:211–213.
  • Gow, C. E. , and F. E. Grine . 1979. An articulated skeleton of a small individual of Diademodon (Therapsida: Cynodontia). Palaeontologia africana 22:29–34.
  • Grine, F. E. 1977. Postcanine tooth function and jaw movement in the gomphodont cynodont Diademodon (Reptilia; Therapsida). Palaeontologia africana 20:123–135.
  • Grine, F. E. 1978. Notes on a specimen of Diademodon previously referred to as Cyclogomphodon . Palaeontologia africana 21:167–174.
  • Grine, F. E. 1981. Cragievarus kitchingi Brink, 1965: a subjective junior synonym of Diademodon tetragonus Seeley, 1894 (Reptilia, Therapsida). Annals of the South African Museum 84:151–168.
  • Grine, F. E. , and B. D. Hahn . 1978. Allometric growth in the Diademodontinae (Reptilia; Therapsida): a preliminary report. Palaeontologia africana 21:161–166.
  • Grine, F. E. , B. D. Hahn , and C. E. Gow . 1978. Aspect of relative growth and variability in Diademodon (Reptilia; Therapsida). South African Journal of Science 74:50–58.
  • Grine, F. E. , D. Mitchell , C. E. Gow , J. W. Kitching , and B. R. Turner . 1979. Evidence for salt glands in the Triassic reptile Diademodon (Therapsida; Cynodontia). Palaeontologia africana 22:35–39.
  • Holzförster, F. , H. Stollhofen , and I. G. Stanistreet . 1999. Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments in the Waterberg-Erongo area, central Namibia, and correlation with the main Karoo Basin, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 29:105–123.
  • Hopson, J. A. 1971. Postcanine replacement in the gomphodont cynodont Diademodon ; pp. 1–21 in D. M. Kermack and K. A. Kermack (eds.), Early Mammals. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 50(Supplement 1).
  • Hopson, J. A. , and J. W. Kitching . 1972. A revised classification of cynodonts (Reptilia, Therapsida). Palaeontologia africana 14:71–85.
  • Hopson, J. A. , and J. W. Kitching . 2001. A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of non-mammalian cynodonts. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 156:5–35.
  • Huene, F. von. 1935–1942. pp. 93–159 in Die fossilen Reptilien des südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. 2. Ordnung Cynodontia. C. H. Beck, Munich .
  • Jenkins, F. A., Jr. 1970. The Chañares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna VII. The postcranial skeleton of the traversodontid Massetognathus pascuali (Therapsida, Cynodontia). Breviora 352:1–28.
  • Jenkins, F. A., Jr. 1971. The postcranial skeleton of African cynodonts. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 36:1–216.
  • Kammerer, C. F. , J. J. Flynn , L. Ranivoharimanana , and A. R. Wyss . 2008. New material of Menadon besairiei (Cynodontia: Traversodontidae) from the Triassic of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28:445–462.
  • Kemp, T. S. 1980. Aspect of the structure and functional anatomy of the Middle Triassic cynodont Luangwa . Journal of Zoology 191:193–239.
  • Kemp, T. S. 1982. Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals. Academic Press, London , 363 pp.
  • Keyser, A. W. 1973a. A new Triassic vertebrate fauna from South West Africa. Palaeontologia africana 16:1–15.
  • Keyser, A. W. 1973b. New Triassic vertebrate fauna from South West Africa. South African Journal of Science 69:113–115.
  • Keyser, A. W. 1978. A new bauriamorph from the Omingonde Formation (Middle Triassic) of South West Africa. Palaeontologia africana 21:177.
  • Kitching, J. W. 1995. Biostratigraphy of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone; pp. 40–45 in B. S. Rubidge (ed.), Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup). Series 1. South African Committee for Stratigraphy, Pretoria, South Africa .
  • Kühne, W. G. 1956. The Liassic Therapsid Oligokyphus . British Museum of Natural History, London , 149 pp.
  • Liu, J. , and F. Abdala . 2014. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Traversodontidae; pp. 255–279 in C. F. Kammerer , K. D. Angielczyk , and J. Fröbisch (eds.), Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands .
  • Liu, J. , and P. Olsen . 2010. The phylogenetic relationships of Eucynodontia (Amniota: Synapsida). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 17:151–176.
  • Liu, J. , and J. Powell . 2009. Osteology of Andescynodon (Cynodontia: Traversodontidae) from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. American Museum Novitates 3674:1–19.
  • Liu, J. , V. P. Schneider , and P. E. Olsen . 2017. The postcranial skeleton of Boreogomphodon (Cynodontia: Traversodontidae) from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina, USA and the comparison with other traversodontids. PeerJ 5:e3521. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3521.
  • Liu, J. , M. B. Soares , and M. Reichel . 2008. Massetognathus (Cynodontia, Traversodontidae) from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil. Revista Brasilera de Paleontologia 11:27–36.
  • Marsicano, C. A. , R. B. Irmis , A. C. Mancuso , R. Mundil , and F. Chemale . 2016. The precise temporal calibration of dinosaur origins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113:509–513.
  • Martinelli, A. G. , M. de la Fuente , and F. Abdala . 2009. Diademodon tetragonus (Therapsida: Cynodontia) in the Triassic of South America and its biostratigraphic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:852–862.
  • Martinelli, A. G. , C. F. Kammerer , T. P. Melo , V. D. Paes Neto , A. M. Ribeiro , Á. A. S. Da-Rosa , C. L. Schultz , and M. Bento Soares . 2017. The African cynodont Aleodon (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) in the Triassic of southern Brazil and its biostratigraphic significance. PLoS ONE 12:e0177948. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177948.
  • Oliveira, T. V. , C. L. Schultz , and M. Bento Soares . 2007. O esqueleto pós-craniano de Exaeretodon riograndensis Abdala et al. (Cynodontia, Traversodontidae), Triássico do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 10:79–94.
  • Osborn, J. W. 1974. On tooth succession in Diademodon . Evolution 28:141–157.
  • Ottone, E. A. , M. Monti , C. A. Marsicano , M. de la Fuente , M. Naipauer , R. Armstrong , and A. C. Mancuso . 2014. A new Late Triassic age for the Puesto Viejo Group (San Rafael depocenter, Argentina): SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating and biostratigraphic correlations across southern Gondwana. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 56:186–199.
  • Owen, R. 1861. Palaeontology, or a systematic summary of extinct animals and their geological relations. Adam and Charles Buck, Edinburgh .
  • Pavanatto, A. E. B. , R. T. Müller , Á. A. S. Da-Rosa , and S. Dias-da-Silva . 2016. New information on the postcranial skeleton of Massetognathus ochagaviae Barberena, 1981 (Eucynodontia, Traversodontidae), from the Middle Triassic of Southern Brazil. Historical Biology 28:978–989.
  • Seeley, H. G. 1894. Research on the structure, organization, and classification of the Fossil Reptilia. Part IX, Section 3. On Diademodon . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 185:1029–1041.
  • Seeley, H. G. 1895a. Researches on the structure, organization and classification of the fossil Reptilia. Pt. IX, Sect. 4. On the Gomphodontia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 186:1–57.
  • Seeley, H. G. 1895b. Researches on the structure, organization and classification of the fossil Reptilia. Pt. IX, Sec. 5. On the skeleton in new Cynodontia from the Karroo Rocks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 186:59–148.
  • Smith, R. M. H. , and R. Swart . 2002. Changing fluvial environments and vertebrate taphonomy in response to climatic drying in a Mid-Triassic rift valley fill: the Omingonde Formation (Karoo Supergroup) of central Namibia. Palaios 17:249–267.
  • Smith, R. M. H. , B. Rubidge , and M. van der Walt . 2012. Therapsid biodiversity patterns and palaeoenvironments of the Karoo Basin, South Africa; pp. 30–62 in A. Chinsamy-Turan (ed.), Forerunners of Mammals. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana .
  • Sues, H.-D , and F. A. Jenkins Jr. 2006. The postcranial skeleton of Kayentatherium wellesi from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona and the phylogenetic significance of the postcranial features of tritylodontid cynodonts; pp. 114–152 in M. T. Carrano , T. J. Gaudin , R. W. Blob , and J. R. Wible (eds.), Amniote Paleobiology. Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds and Reptiles. Chicago University Press, Chicago, Illinois .
  • Sun, A. , and Y. Li . 1985. The postcranial skeleton of the late tritylodont Bienotheroides . Vertebrata PalAsiatica 23:133–151. [Chinese with English summary].
  • Wanke, A. 2000. Karoo-Etendeka unconformities in NW Namibia and their tectonic implications. Ph.D. dissertation, Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany , 114 pp.
  • Watson, D. M. S. 1911. The skull of Diademodon, with notes on those of some other cynodonts. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8) 8:293–330.
  • Watson, D. M. S. 1913. Further notes on the skull, brain, and organs of special sense of Diademodon. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8) 12:217–228.
  • Watson, D. M. S. 1917. The evolution of the tetrapod shoulder girdle and forelimb. Journal of Anatomy 52:1–63.
  • Watson, D. M. S. , and A. S. Romer . 1956. A classification of therapsid reptiles. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 114:37–89.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.