753
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

An Upper Triassic terrestrial vertebrate assemblage from the forgotten Kocury locality (Poland) with a new aetosaur taxon

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Article: e1898977 | Received 25 May 2020, Accepted 11 Oct 2020, Published online: 06 Apr 2021

LITERATURE CITED

  • Agassiz, L. 1838. Recherches sur les poissons fossiles, Tome III. Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchâtel, 390 pp.
  • Agassiz, L. 1844. Monographie des poissons fossiles du vieux grés rouge: ou système Dévonien (Old red sandstone) des Iles Britanniques et de Russie. Jent et Gassman, Neuchâtel, 171 pp.
  • Antczak, M. 2016. Late Triassic aetosaur (Archosauria) from Krasiejów (SW Poland): new species or an example of individual variation? Geological Journal 51:779–788.
  • Apesteguía, S., F. L. Agnolín, and K. Claeson. 2007. Review of Cretaceous dipnoans from Argentina (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi) with description of new species. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 9:27–40.
  • Bajdek, P., T. Szczygielski, A. Kapuścińska, and T. Sulej. 2019. Bromalites from a turtle-dominated fossil assemblage from the Triassic of Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 520:214–228.
  • Bakker, R. T. (ed.).1986. The Dinosaur Heresies. William Morrow, New York, 482 pp.
  • Behrensmeyer, A.K., 1982. Time resolution in fluvial vertebrate assemblages. Paleobiology 8:211–227.
  • Benton, M. J., and A. D. Walker. 2002. Erpetosuchus, a crocodile-like basal archosaur from the Late Triassic of Elgin, Scotland. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136:25–47.
  • Biacchi Brust, A. C., J. B. Desojo, C. L. Schultz, V. D. Paes-Neto, and Á. A. S. Da-Rosa. 2018. Osteology of the first skull of Aetosauroides scagliai Casamiquela 1960 (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the upper Triassic of Southern Brazil (Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone) and its phylogenetic importance. PLoS ONE 13:e0201450.
  • Bodzioch, A., and M. Kowal-Linka. 2012. Unraveling the origin of the Late Triassic multitaxic bone accumulation at Krasiejów (S Poland) by diagenetic analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 346:25–36.
  • Bonaparte, J. F. 1969. Los tetrápodos triásicos de Argentina. Simposio Internacional sobre Estratigrafía y Paleontología del Gondwana 1:307–325.
  • Bornemann, J.G. 1887. Geologische Algenstudien. Jahrbuch der Königlich Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt und Bergakademie zu Berlin 7:126–127.
  • Budziszewska-Karwowska, E., A. Bujok, and G. Sadlok. 2010. Bite marks on an Upper Triassic dicynodontid tibia from Zawiercie, Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, southern Poland. Palaios 25:415–421.
  • Cabreira, S. F., A. W. A. Kellner, S. Dias-da-Silva, L. R. da Silva, M. Bronzati, J. C. de Almeida Marsola, R. T. Müller, J. de Souza Bittencourt, B. J. A. Batista, T. Raugust, R. Carrilho, A. Brodt, and M. C. Langer. 2016. A unique Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage reveals dinosaur ancestral anatomy and diet. Current Biology 26:3090–3095.
  • Carnall, R. von. 1843. Geognostische Uebersicht von Ober-Schlesien; pp. 417–451 in H. Grabowski (ed), Flora von Ober-Schlesien und dem Gesenke, mit Berücksichtigung der geognostischen, Boden-und Höhen-Verhältnisse. Gosohorsky, Breslau.
  • Carnall, R. von. 1844. Geognostische Karte von Ober-Schlesien. Verlag von Simon Schropp & Co, Berlin.
  • Carnall, R. von. 1846. Der Kalkstein des Lublinitzer Kreises in Oberschlesien. Bergmännisches Taschenbuch 3:276–322.
  • Carroll, R. L. (ed.) 1988. Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. W. H. Freeman, New York. 698pp.
  • Case, E. C. 1920. Preliminary description of a new suborder of phytosaurian reptiles with a description of a new species of Phytosaurus. Journal of Geology 28:524–535.
  • Case, E. C. 1921. On an endocranial cast from a reptile, Desmatosuchus spurensis from the Upper Triassic of western Texas. Journal of Comparative Neurology 33:133–140.
  • Case, E. C. 1922. New reptiles and stegocephalians from the Upper Triassic of western Texas. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 321:1–84.
  • Casamiquela, R. M. 1960. Noticia preliminar sobre dos nuevos estagonolepoideos Argentinos. Ameghiniana 16:143–203.
  • Cavin, L., V. Suteethorn, E. Buffetaut, and H. Tong. 2007. A new Thai Mesozoic lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) with an insight into post-Palaeozoic dipnoan evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149:141–177.
  • Chapman, F. 1914. On a new species of Ceratodus from the Cretaceous of New South Wales. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 27:25–27.
  • Chatterjee, S. 1978. A primitive parasuchid (phytosaur) reptile from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India. Palaeontology 21:83–127.
  • Cignoni, P., M. Callieri, M. Corsini, M. Dellepiane, F. Ganovelli, and G. Ranzuglia. 2008. MeshLab: An open-source mesh processing tool. Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference. vol. 2008. Salerno: The Eurographics Association: 2008:29–36.
  • Cione, A. L. and S. Gouiric-Cavalli. 2012. Metaceratodus kaopen comb. nov. and M. wichmanni comb. nov., two Late Cretaceous South American species of an austral lungfish genus (Dipnoi). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 36:203–216.
  • Cope, E. D. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 14:1–252.
  • Desojo, J. B., and A. M. Báez. 2005. The postcranial skeleton of Neoaetosauroides (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of west-central Argentina. Ameghiniana 42:115–126.
  • Desojo, J. B., and A. M. Báez. 2007. Cranial morphology of the Late Triassic South American archosaur Neoaetosauroides engaeus: Evidence for Aetosaurian diversity. Palaeontology 50: 267–276.
  • Desojo, J. B., and M. D. Ezcurra. 2011. A reappraisal of the taxonomic status of Aetosauroides (Archosauria, Aetosauria) specimens from the Late Triassic of South America and their proposed synonymy with Stagonolepis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31:596–609.
  • Desojo, J. B., A. B. Heckert, J. W. Martz, W. G. Parker, R. R. Schoch, B. J. Small, and T. Sulej. 2013. Aetosauria: A clade of armoured pseudosuchians from the upper Triassic continental beds. Geological Society Special Publication 379:203–239.
  • Dróżdż, D. 2018. Osteology of a forelimb of an aetosaur Stagonolepis olenkae (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia: Aetosauria) from the Krasiejów locality in Poland and its probable adaptations for a scratch-digging behavior. PeerJ 6:e5595.
  • Dzik, J. 2001. A new Paleorhinus fauna in the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:625–627.
  • Dzik, J. 2003a. A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaur affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23:556–574.
  • Dzik, J. 2003b. Rodowód polskiej szkoły paleontologii. Ewolucja 1:14–21.
  • Dzik, J., and T. Sulej. 2007. A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejów biota from Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica 64:3–27.
  • Dzik, J., and T. Sulej. 2016. An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61:805–823.
  • Dzik, J., T. Sulej, A. Kaim, and R. Niedźwiedzki. 2000. [A late Triassic tetrapod graveyard in the Opole Silesia (SW Poland).] Przegląd Geologiczny 48:226–235. [Polish]
  • Dzik, J., T. Sulej, and G. Niedźwiedzki. 2008. A dicynodont-theropod association in the latest Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53:733–738.
  • Ezcurra, M. D. 2016. The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms. PeerJ 4:e1778.
  • Fijałkowska-Mader, A., C. Heunisch, and J. Szulc. 2015. Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Upper Silesian Keuper (southern Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 85:637–661.
  • Fostowicz-Frelik, Ł., and T. Sulej. 2010. Bone histology of Silesaurus opolensis Dzik, 2003 from the Late Triassic of Poland. Lethaia 43:137–148.
  • Fraas, E. 1913a. Die neuesten Dinosaurierfunde in der schwäbischen Trias. Naturwissenschaften 45:1097–1100.
  • Fraas, E. 1913b. Proterochersis, eine pleurodire Schildkröte aus dem Keuper. Jahreshefte Des Vereins Für Vaterlandische Naturkunde in Württemberg 69:13–30.
  • Fraas, O. 1877. Aëtosaurus ferratus Fr. Die gepanzerte Vogel-Echse aus dem Stubensandstein bei Stuttgart. Festschrift zur Feier des vierhundertjährigen Jubiläums der Eberhard-Karls-Universität zu Tübingen. Wurttembergische Naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte 33:1–22.
  • Fröbisch, J. 2009. Composition and similarity of global anomodont-bearing tetrapod faunas. Earth-Science Reviews 95:119–157.
  • Gaffney, E. S. 1990. The comparative osteology of the Triassic turtle Proganochelys. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 194:1–263.
  • Galton, P. M. 1998. The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus (Dimodosaurus) poligniensis (Pidancet and Chopard 1862) (Upper Triassic, Poligny, France). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 207:255–288.
  • Gardner, L. R. 1972. Origin of the Mormon Mesa caliche, Clark County, Nevada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 83:143–156.
  • Geyer, G., and K. P. Kelber. 2018. Spinicaudata (“Conchostraca,” Crustacea) from the Middle Keuper (Upper Triassic) of the southern Germanic Basin, with a review of Carnian–Norian taxa and suggested biozones. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 92:1–34.
  • Gierliński, G. D. 2009. A preliminary report on new dinosaur tracks in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous of Poland. Actas de las IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos: 75–90.
  • Göppert H. R., and F. Roemer. 1858. Bericht über die Thätigkeit der naturwissenschaftlichen Sektion im Jahre 1858. Jahres-Bericht Der Schlesischen Gesellschaft Fur Vaterlandische Kultur 58:15–51.
  • Gruszka, B., and T. Zieliński. 2008. Evidence for a very low-energy fluvial system: a case study from the dinosaur-bearing Upper Triassic rocks of Southern Poland. Geological Quarterly 52:239–252.
  • Gürich, G. 1884. Ueber einige Saurier des oberschlesischen Muschelkalkes. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft 36:125–144.
  • Gürich, G. (ed.). 1890. Erläuterungen zur geologischen Übersichtskarte von Schlesien. Kern, Breslau. 194 pp.
  • Heckert, A. B., and S. G. Lucas. 2000. Taxonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, biochronology, paleobiogeography, and evolution of the Late Triassic Aetosauria (Archosauria: Crurotarsi). Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I, 1998, 11–12:1539–1587.
  • Heckert, A. B., S. G. Lucas, L. F. Rinehart, M. D. Celeskey, J. A. Spielmann, and A. P. Hunt. 2010. Articulated skeletons of the aetosaur Typothorax coccinarum Cope (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation (Revueltian: Early-Mid Norian), Eastern New Mexico, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30:619–642.
  • Heckert, A. B., V. P. Schneider, N. C. Fraser, and R. A. Webb. 2015. A new aetosaur (Archosauria, Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Pekin Formation, Deep River Basin, North Carolina, U.S.A., and its implications for early aetosaur evolution. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35:37–41.
  • Holz, M., and M. C. Barberena. 1994. Taphonomy of the south Brazilian Triassic paleoherpetofauna: pattern of death, transport and burial. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 107:179–197.
  • Huene, F. von. 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre ntwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie 1:1–361.
  • Huene, F. von. 1934. Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thüringischen Trias. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 16:145–170.
  • Huene, F. von. 1939. Ein kleiner Pseudosuchier und ein Saurischier aus den ostafrikanischen Mandaschichten. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläeontologie, Beilage-Bände Abteilung B 81:61–69.
  • Huene, F. von. 1946. Die grossen Stämme der Tetrapoden in den geologischen Zeiten. Biologisches Zentralblatt 65:268–275.
  • Huene F. von. 1956. Paläontologie und Phylogenie der niederen Tetrapoden. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena, 716 pp.
  • Hunt, A. P. 1989. A new ?ornithischian dinosaur fromthe Bull Canyon Formation (Upper Triassic) of East-Central New Mexico; pp. 355–358 in S.G. Lucas, and A. P. Hunt (eds.), Dawn of the age of dinosaurs in the American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque.
  • Hunt, A. P., and S. G. Lucas. 1990. Re-evaluation of ‘‘Typothorax meadei,’’ a Late Triassic aetosaur from the United States. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 64:317–328.
  • Hunt, A. P., and S. G. Lucas. 1992. The first occurrence of the aetosaur Paratypothorax andressi (Reptilia, Aetosauria) in the western United States and its biochronological significance. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 66:147–157.
  • Jakubowski, Z. 1977. Rozwój sedymentacji w dolnej jurze Wyżyny Krakowsko-Wieluńskiej i pozycja stratygraficzna osadów gruboklastycznych. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 47:585–604.
  • Jalil, N., S. G. Lucas, and A. P. Hunt. 1995. Biochronological significance of aetosaurs and phytosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) in the Triassic Zarzaitine Series of Algeria. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Monatshefte 1995:173–181.
  • Jenkins, F. A. J., N. H. Shubin, W. W. Amaral, S. M. Gatesy, C. R. Schaff, L. B. Clemmensen, W. R. Downs, A. R. Davidson, N. Bonde, and F. Osbaeck. 1994. Late Triassic continental vertebrates and depositional environments of the Fleming Fjord Formation, Jameson Land, east Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland Geoscience 32:1–25.
  • Jewuła, K., M. Matysik, M. Paszkowski, and J. Szulc. 2019. The late Triassic development of playa, gilgai floodplain, and fluvial environments from Upper Silesia, southern Poland. Sedimentary Geology 379:25–45.
  • Joyce, W. G., S. G. Lucas, T. M. Scheyer, A. B. Heckert, and A. P. Hunt. 2009. A thin-shelled reptile from the Late Triassic of North America and the origin of the turtle shell. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 276:507–513.
  • Joyce, W.G., R. R. Schoch, and T. R. Lyson. 2013. The girdles of the oldest fossil turtle, Proterochersis robusta, and the age of the turtle crown. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13:266.
  • Karl, H.V., and G. Tichy. 2000. Murrhardtia staeschei n. gen. n. sp. – eine neue Schildkröte aus der Oberen Trias von Süddeutschland. Joannea Geologie und Paläontologie 2:57–72.
  • Klein, J. T. 1760. Classification und kurze Geschichte der vierfüßigen Thiere. Jonas Schmidt, Lübeck, 413 pp.
  • Kemp, A. 1997a. A revision of Australian Mesozoic and Cenozoic lungfish of the family Neoceratodontidae (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi), with a description of four new species. Journal of Paleontology 71:713–733.
  • Kemp, A. 1997b. Four species of Metaceratodus (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi, Family Ceratodontidae) from Australian Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17:26–33.
  • Kubik, R., D. Uhl, and L. Marynowski. 2015. Evidence of wildfires during deposition of the upper Silesian Keuper succession, southern Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 85:685–696.
  • Konietzko-Meier, D., and N. Klein. 2013. Unique growth pattern of Metoposaurus diagnosticus krasiejowensis (Amphibia, Temnospondyli) from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów, Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 370:145–157.
  • Konietzko-Meier, D., and P. M. Sander. 2013. Long bone histology of Metoposaurus diagnosticus (Temnospondyli) from the Late Triassic of Krasiejów (Poland) and its paleobiological implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33:1003–1018.
  • Kowal-Linka, M., E. Krzemińska, and Z. Czupyt. 2019. The youngest detrital zircons from the Upper Triassic Lipie Śląskie (Lisowice) continental deposits (Poland): Implications for the maximum depositional age of the Lisowice bone-bearing horizon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 514:487–501.
  • Kowalski, J., A. Bodzioch, P. A. Janecki, M. R. Ruciński, and M. Antczak. 2019. Preliminary report on the microvertebrate faunal remains from the Late Triassic locality at Krasiejów, SW Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 89:291–305.
  • Kozur, H. W., and R. E. Weems. 2010. The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 334:315–417.
  • Kutty, T. S., and D. P. Sengupta. 1989. The Late Triassic formations of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley and their vertebrate faunal succession-a reappraisal. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences 16:189–206.
  • Lacerda, M. B., M. A. G. De França, and C. L. Schultz. 2018. A new erpetosuchid (Pseudosuchia, Archosauria) from the Middle–Late Triassic of Southern Brazil. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184:804–824.
  • Long, R. A., and K. L. Ballew. 1985. Aetosaur dermal armour from the late Triassic of southwestern North America, with special reference to material from the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 47:45–68.
  • Long, R. A., and P. A. Murry. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 4: 1–254.
  • Lucas, S.G. 2015. Age and correlation of Late Triassic Tetrapods from Southern Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 85:627–635.
  • Lucas, S.G., A. B. Heckert, and A. P. Hunt. 1995. Unusual aetosaur armor from the Upper Triassic of West Texas, U.S.A. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 69:467–473.
  • Lucas, S.G., A. B. Heckert, and P. Huber. 1998. Aetosaurus (Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance. Palaeontology 41:1215–1230.
  • Lucas, S. G., A. B. Heckert, and A. P. Hunt. 2002. A new species of the aetosaur Typothorax from the Upper Triassic of East-Central New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Buleltin 21:221–234.
  • Lucas, S. G., A. B. Heckert, and L. F. Rinehart. 2006. The Late Triassic aetosaur Paratypothorax. Natural History 1992:575–580.
  • Lucas, S. G., A. P. Hunt, and J. A. Spielmann. 2007. A new aetosaur from the Upper Triassic (Adamanian: Carnian) of Arizona. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 41:241–247.
  • Lydekker, R. 1887. The fossil Vertebrata of India. Records of the Geological Survey of India 20:51–80.
  • Marsh, A. D., and T. B. Rowe. 2020. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 94:1–103.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1881. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part V. The American Journal of Science and Arts, Series 3 21:417–423.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1884. The classification and affinities of dinosaurian reptiles. Nature 31:68–69.
  • Martill, D. M., S. U. Vidovic, C. Howells, and J. R. Nudds. 2016. The oldest Jurassic dinosaur: a basal neotheropod from the Hettangian of Great Britain. PLoS One 11:e0145713.
  • Martz, J. W. 2002. The morphology and ontogeny of Typothorax coccinarum (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic of the American Southwest. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 279pp.
  • Martz, J. W., and B. J. Small. 2006. Tecovasuchus chatterjeei, a new aetosaur (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Tecovas Formation (Carnian, Upper Triassic) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26:308–320.
  • Marynowski, L., and B. R. Simoneit. 2009. Widespread Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic wildfire records from Poland: evidence from charcoal and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Palaios 24:785–798.
  • McLaren, P. 1981. An interpretation of trends in grain size measures. Journal of Sedimentary Research 51:611–624.
  • Meyer, H. von, and T. Plieninger (eds.). 1844. Beiträge zur Paläontologie Württemberg's: enthaltend die fossilen wirbelthierreste aus den triasgebilden mit besonderer rücksicht auf die Labyrinthodonten des Keupers. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 132 pp.
  • Müller, J. 1844. Über den Bau und die Grenzen der Ganoiden und über das natürliche System der Fische. Abhandlungen der Akademie des Wissenschafte, Physische-Mathematische Klasse 11:119–216.
  • Müller, R. T., M. C. Langer, M. Bronzati, C. P. Pacheco, S. F. Cabreira, and S. Dias-da-Silva. 2018. Early evolution of sauropodomorphs: anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a remarkably well-preserved dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184:1187–1248.
  • Nawrocki, J., K. Jewuła, A. Stachowska, and J. Szulc. 2015. Magnetic polarity of Upper Triassic sediments of the Germanic Basin in Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 85:663–674.
  • Nesbitt, S. J. 2011. The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 352:1–292.
  • Nesbitt, S. J., and R. J. Butler. 2012. Redescription of the archosaur Parringtonia gracilis from the Middle Triassic Manda beds of Tanzania, and the antiquity of Erpetosuchidae. Geological Magazine 150:225–238.
  • Nesbitt, S. J., and M. A. Norell. 2006. Extreme convergence in the body plans of an early suchian (Archosauria) and ornithomimid dinosaurs (Theropoda). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 273:1045–1048.
  • Nessov, L. A., and M. N. Kaznyshkin. 1985. A lungfish and turtles from Upper Jurassic of northern Fergana, Kirghiz SSR. Vestnik Zoologii 1:33–39.
  • Newton, E. T. 1894. Reptiles from the Elgin Sandstone. Description of two new genera. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 185:573–607.
  • Niedźwiedzki, G. 2011. A Late Triassic dinosaur−dominated ichnofauna from the Tomanová Formation of the Tatra Mountains, Central Europe. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56:291–300.
  • Niedźwiedzki, G., and E. Budziszewska-Karwowska. 2018. A new occurrence of the Late Triassic archosaur Smok in southern Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63:703–712.
  • Niedźwiedzki, G., P. Gorzelak, and T. Sulej. 2011. Bite traces on dicynodont bones and the early evolution of large terrestrial predators. Lethaia 44:87–92.
  • Niedźwiedzki, G., T. Sulej, and J. Dzik. 2012. A large predatory archosaur from the Late Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57:267–276.
  • Niedźwiedzki, G., S. L. Brusatte, T. Sulej, and R. J. Butler. 2014. Basal dinosauriform and theropod dinosaurs from the mid-late Norian (Late Triassic) of Poland: Implications for Triassic dinosaur evolution and distribution. Palaeontology 57:1121–1142.
  • Nikolski, G. W. (ed.). 1954. Castnaja ichtiologija. Sovetskaja Nauka, Moscow, 458 pp.
  • Nopcsa, F. (ed.) 1923. Die Familien der Reptilien. Berlin: Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, 210 pp.
  • Olempska, E. 2004. Late Triassic spinicaudatan crustaceans from southwestern Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49:429–442.
  • Owen, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Part II. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1841:60–294.
  • Pacyna, G. 2014. Plant remains from the Polish Triassic. Present knowledge and future prospects. Acta Palaeobotanica 54:3–33.
  • Pacyna, G. 2019. Sphenopsid and fern remains from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów (SW Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 89:307–316.
  • Parker, W. G. 2005. Une nouvelle espèce de l’aetosaur triassique en retard Desmatosuchus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia). Comptes Rendus – Palevol 4:327–340.
  • Parker, W. G. 2007. Reassessment of the Aetosaur ‘Desmatosuchus’ chamaensis with a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5:41–68.
  • Parker, W. G. 2008. Description of new material of the aetosaur Desmatosuchus spurensis (Aetosauria: Suchia) from the Chinle Formation of Arizona and a revison of the genus Desmatosuchus. PaleoBios 28:1–40.
  • Parker, W. G. 2016. Revised phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia); assessing the effects of incongruent morphological character sets. PeerJ 4:e1583.
  • Parker, W. G. 2018. Redescription of Calyptosuchus (Stagonolepis) wellesi (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia: Aetosauria) from the Late Triassic of the Southwestern United States with a discussion of genera in vertebrate paleontology. PeerJ 6:e4291.
  • Parker, W. G., and J. W. Martz. 2010. Using positional homology in aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) osteoderms to evaluate the taxonomic status of Lucasuchus hunti. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30:1100–1108.
  • Parker, W. G., M. R. Stocker, and R. B. Irmis. 2008. A new desmatosuchine aetosaur (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Tecovas Formation (Dockum Group) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28:692–701.
  • Parrish, M. J. 1994. Cranial osteology of Longosuchus meadei and the phylogeny and distribution of the Aetosauria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14:196–209.
  • Pawlak, W., M. Tałanda, T. Sulej, and G. Niedźwiedzki. 2020. Dipnoan from the Upper Triassic of East Greenland and remarks about palaeobiogeography of Ptychoceratodus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65:561–574.
  • Philippe, M., G. Pacyna, Z. Wawrzyniak, M. Barbacka, K. Boka, P. Filipiak, L. Marynowski, F. Thévenard, and D. Uhl. 2015. News from an old wood — Agathoxylon keuperianum (Unger) nov. comb. in the Keuper of Poland and France. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 221:83–91.
  • Piechowski, R., and J. Dzik. 2010. The axial skeleton of Silesaurus opolensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30:1127–1141.
  • Piechowski, R., and M. Tałanda. 2020. The locomotor musculature and posture of the early dinosauriform Silesaurus opolensis provides a new look into the evolution of Dinosauromorpha. Journal of Anatomy 236:1044–1100.
  • Piechowski, R., M. Tałanda, and J. Dzik. 2014. Skeletal variation and ontogeny of the Late Triassic dinosauriform Silesaurus opolensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34:1383–1393.
  • Piechowski, R., G. Niedźwiedzki, and M. Tałanda. 2019. Unexpected bird-like features and high intraspecific variation in the braincase of the Triassic relative of dinosaurs. Historical Biology 31:1065–1081.
  • Qvarnström, M., J. V. Wernström, R. Piechowski, M. Tałanda, P. E. Ahlberg. and G. Niedźwiedzki. 2019a. Beetle-bearing coprolites possibly reveal the diet of a Late Triassic dinosauriform. Royal Society Open Science 6:181042.
  • Qvarnström, M., P. E. Ahlberg, and G. Niedźwiedzki. 2019b. Tyrannosaurid-like osteophagy by a Triassic archosaur. Scientific Reports 9:1–9.
  • Rauhut, O. W. M., and A. Hungerbühler. 1998. A review of European Triassic theropods. Gaia 15:75–88.
  • Roemer, F., 1862. Die Nachweisung des Keupers in Oberschlesien und Polen. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 14:638–654.
  • Roemer, F., 1863. Weitere Beobachtungen über die Verbreitung und die Gliederung des Keupers in Oberschlesien. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft 15:694–707.
  • Roemer, F. (ed.). 1870. Geologie von Oberschlesien. Eine Erläuterung zu der im Auftrage des Königl. Preuss. Handels-Ministeriums von dem Verfasser bearbeiteten geologischen Karte von Oberschlesien in 12 Sektionen. Nischkowsky, Breslau, 587 pp.
  • Rougier, G. W., M. S. de La Fuente, and A. B. Arcucci. 1995. Late Triassic turtles from South America. Science 268:855–858.
  • Sander, P. M. 1992. The Norian Plateosaurus bonebeds of central Europe and their taphonomy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 93:255–299.
  • Schlesinger, W.H., 1985. The formation of caliche in soils of the Mojave Desert, California. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49, 57–66.
  • Schoch, R. R. 2007. Osteology of the small archosaur Aetosaurus from the Upper Triassic of Germany. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen 246:1–35.
  • Schoch, R. R., and J. B. Desojo. 2016. Cranial anatomy of the aetosaur Paratypothorax andressorum Long & Ballew, 1985, from the Upper Triassic of Germany and its bearing on aetosaur phylogeny. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie – Abhandlungen 279:73–95.
  • Schoch, R. R., and D. Seegis. 2014. Taphonomy, deposition and pedogenesis in the Upper Triassic dinosaur beds of Trossingen. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 94:571–593.
  • Skawina, A. 2010. Experimental decay of gills in freshwater bivalves as a key to understanding their preservation in Upper Triassic lacustrine deposits. Palaios 25:215–220.
  • Skawina, A. 2013. Population dynamics and taphonomy of the Late Triassic (Carnian) freshwater bivalves from Krasiejów (Poland). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 379:68–80.
  • Skawiński, T., M. Ziegler, Ł. Czepiński, M. Szermański, M. Tałanda, D. Surmik, and G. Niedźwiedzki. 2017. A re-evaluation of the historical ‘dinosaur’remains from the Middle-Upper Triassic of Poland. Historical Biology 29:442–472.
  • Skrzycki, P. 2015. New species of lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic Krasiejów site in Poland, with remarks on the ontogeny of Triassic dipnoan tooth plates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35:e964357.
  • Skrzycki, P., G. Niedźwiedzki, and M. Tałanda. 2018. Dipnoan remains from the Lower-Middle Triassic of the Holy Cross Mountains and northeastern Poland, with remarks on dipnoan palaeobiogeography. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 496:332–345.
  • Small, B. J. 1998. The occurrence of Aetosaurus in the Chinle Formation and its biostratigraphic significance. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 1998:289–300.
  • Small, B. J. 2002. Cranial anatomy of Desmatosuchus haplocerus (Reptilia: Archosauria: Stagonolepididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136:97–111.
  • Small, B. J., and Martz, J. W. 2013. A new aetosaur from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of the Eagle Basin, Colorado, USA. Geological Society Special Publication 379:393–412.
  • Spielmann, J. A., A. P. Hunt, S. G. Lucas, and A. B. Heckert. 2006. Revision of Redondasuchus (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic Redonda Formation, New Mexico, with description of a new species. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37:583–587.
  • Sterli, J., M. S. de La Fuente, and G. W. Rougier. 2007. Anatomy and relationships of Palaeochersis talampayensis, a Late Triassic turtle from Argentina. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 281:1–61.
  • Sterli J., R. N. Martínez, I. A. Cerda, and C. Apaldetti. 2020. Appearances can be deceptive: Bizarre shell microanatomy and histology in a new Triassic turtle (Testudinata) from Argentina at the dawn of turtles. Papers in Palaeontology early view:1–36.
  • Stocker, M. R., and R. J. Butler. 2013. Phytosauria. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 379:91–117.
  • Sulej, T. 2010. The skull of an early Late Triassic aetosaur and the evolution of the stagonolepidid archosaurian reptiles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158:860–881.
  • Sulej, T., and G. Niedźwiedzki. 2019. An elephant-sized Late Triassic synapsid with erect limbs. Science 363:78–80.
  • Sulej, T., R. Bronowicz, M. Tałanda, and G. Niedźwiedzki. 2011a. A new dicynodont–archosaur assemblage from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of Poland. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101:261–269.
  • Sulej, T., G. Niedźwiedzki, R. Niedźwiedzki, D. Surmik, and M. Stachacz. 2011b. [New vertebrate assemblage from marginal-marine and land Lower Keuper strata (Ladinian, Middle Triassic) of Miedary, Silesia, SW Poland]. Przegląd Geologiczny 59:426–430. [Polish]
  • Sulej, T., G. Niedźwiedzki, and R. Bronowicz. 2012. A new Late Triassic vertebrate fauna from Poland with turtles, aetosaurs, and coelophysoid dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32:1033–1041.
  • Sulej, T., G. Niedźwiedzki, M. Tałanda, D. Dróżdż, and E. Hara. 2020. A new early Late Triassic non-mammaliaform eucynodont from Poland. Historical Biology 32:80–92.
  • Szczygielski, T. 2017. Homeotic shift at the dawn of the turtle evolution. Royal Society Open Science 4:160933.
  • Szczygielski, T. 2020. Obscure by name: solving the enigma of Chelytherium obscurum, the first described Triassic turtle. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, advance online, 1–12.
  • Szczygielski, T., and T. Sulej. 2016. Revision of the Triassic European turtles Proterochersis and Murrhardtia (Reptilia, Testudinata, Proterochersidae), with the description of new taxa from Poland and Germany. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177:395–427.
  • Szczygielski, T., and T. Sulej. 2019. The early composition and evolution of the turtle shell (Reptilia, Testudinata). Palaeontology 62:375–415.
  • Szczygielski, T., J. Słowiak, and D. Dróżdż. 2018. Shell variability in the stem turtles Proterochersis spp. PeerJ 6:e6134.
  • Szulc, J. 2005. Sedimentary environments of the vertebrate-bearing Norian deposits from Krasiejów, Upper Silesia (Poland). Hallesches Jahrbuch der Geowissenschaften 19:161–170.
  • Szulc, J., and G. Racki. 2015. [The Grabowa Formation – the basic lithostratigraphic unit of the Keuper of Silesia]. Przegląd Geologiczny 63:103–113. [Polish]
  • Szulc, J., M. Gradziński, A. Lewandowska, and C. Heunisch. 2006. The Upper Triassic crenogenic limestones in Upper Silesia (southern Poland) and their paleoenvironmental context; pp. 133–151 in A. M. Alonso−Zarza, and L. H. Tanner (eds), Paleoenvironmental Record and Applications of Calcretes and Palustrine Carbonates. The Geological Society of America, Boulder, 248 pp.
  • Szulc, J., G. Racki, and K. Jewuła. 2015a. Key aspects of the stratigraphy of the Upper Silesian middle Keuper, southern Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 85:557–586.
  • Szulc, J., G. Racki, K. Jewuła, and J. Środoń. 2015b. How many Upper Triassic bone–bearing levels are there in Upper Silesia (southern Poland)? A critical overview of stratigraphy and facies. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 85:587–626.
  • Szulc, J., G. Racki, and A. Bodzioch. 2017. Comment on “An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages” by Jerzy Dzik and Tomasz Sulej. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62:287–288.
  • Środoń, J., J. Szulc, A. Anczkiewicz, K. Jewuła, M. Banaś, and L. Marynowski. 2014. Weathering, sedimentary and diagenetic controls of mineral and geochemical characteristics of the vertebrate-bearing Silesian Keuper. Clay Minerals 49:569–594.
  • Świło, M., G., Niedźwiedzki, and T. Sulej. 2014. Mammal-like tooth from the Upper Triassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59:815–820.
  • Tałanda, M., P. Bajdek, G. Niedźwiedzki, and T. Sulej. 2017. Upper Triassic freshwater oncoids from Silesia (southern Poland) and their microfossil biota. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen 284:43–56.
  • Taborda, J. R. A., A. B. Heckert, and J. B. Desojo. 2015. Intraspecific variation in Aetosauroides scagliai Casamiquela (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and Brazil: An example of sexual dimorphism? Ameghiniana 52:173–187.
  • Tykoski, R. S., and T. Rowe. 2004. Ceratosauria; pp. 47–70 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds), The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 839 pp.
  • Walker, A. B. 1961. A new aetosaur from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of the Eagle Basin, Colorado, USA. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 244:103–204.
  • Weishampel, D. B, P. M. Barrett, R. A. Coria, J. Le Loeuff, Xu, X., Zhao, X., A. Sahni, E. M. P. Gomani, and C. R. Noto. 2004. Dinosaur distribution; pp. 517–606 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds), The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 839 pp.
  • Welles, S.P., 1954. New Jurassic dinosaur from the Kayenta formation of Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin 65:591–598.
  • Welles, S. P. 1984. Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria: Theropoda) osteology and comparisons. Palaeontographica A 185:85–180
  • Witmer, L. M. 1997. The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft-tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 3:1–73.
  • Wysogórski, J. 1933. Einleitung. Mitteilungen aus dem Mineralogisch-Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 14:1–16.
  • Zatoń, M., and A. Piechota. 2003. Carnian (Late Triassic) charophyte flora of the Paleorhinus biochron at Krasiejów (SW Poland). Freiberger Forschungshefte C 499:43–51.
  • Zatoń, M., A. Piechota, and E. Sienkiewicz. 2005. Late Triassic charophytes around the bone-bearing bed at Krasiejów (SW Poland)–palaeoecological and environmental remarks. Acta Geologica Polonica 55:283–293.
  • Zatoń, M., G. Niedźwiedzki, L. Marynowski, K. Benzerara, C. Pott, J. Cosmidis, T. Krzykawski, and P. Filipiak. 2015. Coprolites of Late Triassic carnivorous vertebrates from Poland: An integrative approach. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 430:21–46.
  • Zeigler, K. E., A. B. Heckert, and S. G. Lucas. 2002. A new species of Desmatosuchus (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of the Chama Basin, north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 21:215–219.
  • Zhang, F. K. 1975. A new thecodont Lotosaurus, from the Middle Triassic of Hunan. Vertebrata Palasiatica 13:144–147.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.