An Empirical Approach for Estimating the Precision of Hydroacoustic Fish Counts by Systematic Hourly Sampling

REFERENCES

• Banneheka, S.G., R.D. Routledge, I.C. Guthrie, and J.C. Woodey. 1995. Estimation of in-river fish passage using a combination of transect and stationary hydroacoustic sampling. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:335–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, C.D. 1962. Estimating red salmon escapements by sample counts from observation towers. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery Bulletin 192(61):355–369.
   Google Scholar
• Belcher, E. O., W. Hanot, and J. Burch. 2002. Dual-frequency identification sonar. Pages 187–192 in Marine Technology Society/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (MTS/IEEE). Underwater technology 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on underwater technology. MTS/IEEE, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Bromaghin, J.F., and D.A. Bruden. 1999. A simulation study of temporal sampling designs for salmon counting towers. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Regional Information Report 3A99-35, Anchorage.
   Google Scholar
• Chilton, D.E., and R.J. Beamish. 1982. Age-determination methods for fishes studied by the groundfish program at the Pacific Biological Station. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60:10–12.
   Google Scholar
• Cochran, W.G. 1977. Sampling techniques, 3rd edition. Wiley, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Enzenhofer, H.J., G.M. W. Cronkite, and J.A. Holmes. 2010. Application of DIDSON imaging sonar at Qualark Creek on the Fraser River for enumeration of adult pacific salmon: an operation manual. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2869.
   Google Scholar
• Enzenhofer, H.J., N. Olsen, and T.J. Mulligan. 1998. Fixed-location riverine hydroacoustics as a method of enumerating migrating adult Pacific salmon: comparison of split-beam acoustics vs. visual counting. Aquatic Living Resources 11:61–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, J.A., G.M. W. Cronkite, H.J. Enzenhofer, and T.J. Mulligan. 2006. Accuracy and precision of fish-count data from a “dual-frequency identification sonar” (DIDSON) imaging system. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63:543–555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, D.A., and A.D. Cadenhead. 1995. Selective tidal stream transport of adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Fraser River Estuary. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilja, J., T. Ridley, G.M. W. Cronkite, H.J. Enzenhofer, and J.A. Holmes. 2008. Optimizing sampling effort within a systematic design for estimating abundant escapement of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Fisheries Research 90:118–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell, S.L., and N.E. Gove. 2004. The feasibility of estimating migrating salmon passage rates in turbid rivers using a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) 2002. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Regional Information Report 2A04-05, Anchorage.
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell, S.L., and N.E. Gove. 2007. Assessing a dual-frequency identification sonars’ fish-counting accuracy, precision, and turbid river range capability. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122:3364–3377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppenheim, A.V., and R.W. Schafer. 2010. Digital signal processing, 3rd edition. Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey .
   Google Scholar
• R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2012. R version 2.15.2. . Available: http://www.r-project.org./ (October 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds, J.H., C.A. Woody, N.E. Gove, and L.F. Fair, 2007. Efficiently estimating salmon escapement uncertainty using systematically sampled data. Pages 121–129 in C.A. Woody, editor. Sockeye Salmon ecology, evolution, and management. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 54, Bethesda, Maryland .
   Google Scholar
• Skalski, J.R., A. Hoffmann, B.H. Random, and T.W. Steig. 1993. Fix-location hydroacoustic monitoring designs for estimating fish passage using stratified random and systematic sampling. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50:1208–1221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steig, T.W., G.A. Raemhild, and B.H. Ransom. 1988. Hydroacoustic evaluation of juvenile salmon and steelhead approaching a submersible traveling screen at Rocky Reach Dam in 1988. Chelan County, Public Utility District 1, Wenatchee, Washington .
   Google Scholar
• Wolter, K.M. 1984. An investigation of some estimators of variance for systematic sampling. Journal of the American Statistical Association 79:781–790.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolter, K.M. 2007. Introduction to variance estimation, 2nd edition. Springer-Verlag, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, Y., A.P. Gray, F.J. Martens, J.L. Boffey, and J.D. Cave. 2005. Use of dual-frequency identification sonar to verify split-beam estimates of salmon flux and to examine fish behaviour in the Fraser River. . Pacific Salmon Commission Technical Report 16.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, Y., F.J. Martens, and J.L. Nelitz. 2012a. Implementation of stationary sub-sampling systems to estimate salmon passage in the lower Fraser River: year 1 of 2011 and 2012 project report to southern boundary restoration and enhancement fund. Pacific Salmon Commission, Vancouver.
   Google Scholar
• Xie, Y., C.G. Michielsens, and F.J. Martens. 2012b. Classification of fish and non-fish acoustic tracks using discriminant function analysis. ICES Journal of Marine Science 69:313–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, Y., T.J. Mulligan, G.M. W. Cronkite, and A.P. Gray. 2002. Assessment of potential bias in hydroacoustic estimation of Fraser River Sockeye and Pink salmon at Mission, . B.C. Pacific Salmon Commission Technical Report 11.
   Google Scholar