Physiological Stress Responses to Prolonged Exposure to MS-222 and Surgical Implantation in Juvenile Chinook Salmon

REFERENCES

• Adams, N.S., D.W. Rondorf, S.D. Evans, and J.E. Kelly. 1998. Effects of surgically and gastrically implanted radio transmitters on growth and feeding behavior of juvenile Chinook Salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127:128–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammann, A.J., C.J. Michel, and R.B. MacFarlane. 2013. The effects of surgically implanted acoustic transmitters on laboratory growth, survival and tag retention in hatchery yearling Chinook Salmon. Environmental Biology of Fishes 96:135–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argent Chemical Laboratories. 2011. Finquel (MS-222) information sheets. Available: . http://www.argent-labs.com/argentwebsite/ms-222.htm. . (October 2013).
   Google Scholar
• Arnolds, D.E. W., S.J. Zottoli, C.E. Adams, S.M. Dineen, S. Fevrier, Y. Guo, and A.J. Pascal. 2002. Physiological effects of tricaine on the supramedullary/dorsal neurons of the Cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus. Biological Bulletin 203:188–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axel, G., J. Beeman, R. Brown, B. Eppard, S. Fielding, E. Hockersmith, T. Liedtke, C. Peery, and C. Woodley. 2011. Surgical protocols for implanting JSATS transmitters into juvenile salmonids for studies conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, volume 1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon.
   Google Scholar
• Barton, B.A. 2002. Stress in fishes: a diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative and Comparative Biology 42:517–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridger, C.J., and R.K. Booth. 2003. The effects of biotelemetry transmitter presence and attachment procedures on fish physiology and behavior. Reviews in Fisheries Science 11:13–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterworth, J.F., and G.R. Strichartz. 1990. Molecular mechanisms of local anesthesia: a review. Anesthesiology 72:711–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caputo, M., C.M. O’Connor, C.T. Hasler, K.C. Hanson, and S.J. Cooke. 2009. Long-term effects of surgically implanted telemetry tags on the nutritional physiology and condition of wild freshwater fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 84:35–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, T.J., R.S. Brown, J.R. Stephenson, B.D. Pflugrath, A.H. Colotelo, A.J. Gingerich, P.L. Benjamin, M.J. Langeslay, M.L. Ahmann, R.L. Johnson, J.R. Skalski, A.G. Seaburg, and R.L. Townsend. 2012. The influence of tag presence on the mortality of juvenile Chinook Salmon exposed to simulated hydroturbine passage: implications for survival estimates and management of hydroelectric facilities. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:249–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, K.M., C.M. Woodley, and R.S. Brown. 2011. A review of tricaine methanesulfonate for anesthesia of fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 21:51–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chittenden, C.M., K.G. Butterworth, K.F. Cubitt, M.C. Jacobs, A. Ladouceur, D.W. Welch, and R.S. McKinley. 2009. Maximum tag to body size ratios for an endangered Coho Salmon (O. kisutch) stock based on physiology and performance. Environmental Biology of Fishes 84:129–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, G.K., and D.D. Heath. 2000. Comparison of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) and clove oil anaesthesia effects on the physiology of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research 31:537–546.
   Google Scholar
• Clemens, B.J., S.P. Clements, M.D. Karnowski, D.B. Jepsen, A.I. Gitelman, and C.B. Schreck. 2009. Effects of transportation and other factors on survival estimates of juvenile salmonids in the unimpounded lower Columbia River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:169–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Congleton, J.L. 2006. Stability of some commonly measured blood-chemistry variables in juvenile salmonids exposed to a lethal dose of the anesthetic MS-222. Aquaculture Research 37:1146–1149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, S.J., C.M. Woodley, M.B. Eppard, R.S. Brown, and J.L. Nielson. 2011. Advancing the surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish: a gap analysis and research agenda based on a review of trends in intracoelomic tagging effects studies. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 21:127–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, J.T., H.G. Schoonbee, and G.L. Smit. 1984. The uptake of the anesthetic benzocaine hydrochloride by the gills and skin of three freshwater fish species. Journal of Fish Biology 25:35–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontenot, D.K., and D.L. Neiffer. 2004. Wound management in teleost fish: biology of the healing process, evaluation, and treatment. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 7:57–86.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gamperl, A.K., M.M. Vijayan, and R.G. Boutilier. 1994. Experimental control of stress hormone levels in fishes: techniques and applications. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 4:215–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilderhus, P.A., and L.L. Marking. 1987. Comparative efficacy of 16 anesthetic chemicals in Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 7:288–292.
   Google Scholar
• Houston, A.H., J.A. Madden, R.J. Woods, and H.M. Miles. 1971. Some physiological effects of handling and tricaine methane sulphonate anesthetization upon the Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 28:625–633.
   Google Scholar
• Iwama, G.K., R.G. Boutilier, T.A. Heming, D.J. Randall, and M. Mazeaud. 1987. The effects of altering gill water flow on gas transfer in Rainbow Trout. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:2466–2470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwama, G.K., J.C. McGeer, and M.P. Pawluk. 1989. The effects of five fish anaesthetics on acid-base balance, hematocrit, blood gases, cortisol, and adrenaline in Rainbow Trout. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:2065–2073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jepsen, N., L.E. Davis, C.B. Schreck, and B. Siddens. 2001. The physiological response of Chinook Salmon smolts to two methods of radio-tagging. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:495–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacroix, G.L., D. Knox, and P. McCurdy. 2004. Effects of implanted dummy acoustic transmitters on juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133:211–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, M.H., A.N. Thorn, C. Skov, and K. Aarestrup. 2013. Effects of passive integrated transponder tags on survival and growth of juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar. Animal Biotelemetry [online serial] 1:article 19.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J.S. F., E.P. Tezak, and B.A. Berejikian. 2013. Telemetry tag effects on juvenile Lingcod Ophiodon elongatus movement: a laboratory and field study. Journal of Fish Biology 82:1848–1857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makiguchi, Y., and H. Ueda. 2009. Effects of external and surgically implanted dummy radio transmitters on mortality, swimming performance and physiological status of juvenile Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus masou. Journal of Fish Biology 74:304–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mommsen, T.P., M. Vijayan, and T.W. Moon. 1999. Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 9:211–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumcke, B., W. Schwarz, and R. Stämpfli. 1981. Block of Na channels in the membrane of myelinated nerve by benzocaine. Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 390:230–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, R.W., N.S. Adams, and D.W. Rondorf. 2001. Buoyancy compensation of juvenile Chinook Salmon implanted with two different size dummy transmitters. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:46–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peven, C., A. Giorgi, J. Skalski, M. Langeslay, A. Grassell, S. Smith, T. Counihan, R. Perry, and S. Bickford. 2005. Guidelines and suggested protocols for conducting, analyzing, and reporting juvenile salmonid survival studies in the Columbia River basin. University of Washington, Columbia Basin Research, Seattle.
   Google Scholar
• Portz, D.E., C.M. Woodley, and J.J. Cech Jr. 2006. Stress-associated impacts of short-term holding on fishes. Reviews in Fish and Fisheries 16:125–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinitz, G.L., and J. Rix. 1977. Effect of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) on hematocrit values in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 56:115–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, L.G., and B. Ross. 2008. Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals, 3rd edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Shepard, K.L. 1994. Functions for fish mucus. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 4:401–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skalski, J.R., R.L. Townsend, A.G. Seaburg, M.A. Weiland, C.M. Woodley, J.S. Hughes, G.R. Ploskey, Z. Deng, and T.J. Carlson. 2013. Compliance monitoring of yearling and subyearling Chinook Salmon and juvenile steelhead survival and passage at John Day Dam, 2012. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Sladky, K.K., C.R. Swanson, M.K. Stoskopf, M.R. Loomis, and G.A. Lewbart. 2001. Comparative efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate and clove oil for use as anesthetics in Red Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus). American Journal of Veterinary Research 62:337–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strange, R.J., and C.B. Schreck. 1978. Anesthetic and handling stress on survival and cortisol concentration in yearling Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 35:345–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summerfelt, R.C., and L.S. Smith. 1990. Anesthesia, surgery, and related techniques. Pages 213–263 in C.B. Schreck and P.B. Moyle, editors. Methods for fish biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Sumpter, J.P., H.M. Dye, and T.J. Benfey. 1986. The effects of stress on plasma ACTH, α-MSH, and cortisol levels in salmonid fishes. General and Comparative Endocrinology 62:377–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiem, J.D, M.K. Taylor, S.H. McConnachie, T.R. Binder, and S.J. Cooke. 2011. Trends in the reporting of tagging procedures for fish telemetry studies that have used surgical implantation of transmitters: a call for more complete reporting. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 21:117–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueta, K., T. Suzuki, M. Sugimoto, I. Uchida, and T. Mashimo. 2007. Local anesthetics have different mechanisms and sites of action at recombinant 5-HT3 receptors. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 32:462–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, G.N., S.J. Cooke, R.S. Brown, R.S., and K.A. Deters. 2011. Surgical implantation techniques for electronic tags in fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 21:71–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, G.N., E.D. Stevens, and P. Byrne. 2000. Effects of suture type and patterns on surgical wound healing in Rainbow Trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129:1196–1205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedemeyer, G. 1970. Stress of anesthesia with MS-222 and benzocaine in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27:909–914.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch, D.W., S.D. Batten, and B.R. Ward. 2007. Growth, survival, and tag retention of steelhead trout (O. mykiss) surgically implanted with dummy acoustic tags. Hydrobiologia 582:289–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodley, C.M., S.M. Carpenter, K.M. Carter, K.A. Wagner, I.M. Royer, K.M. Knox, J.A. Kim, M.E. Gay, M.A. Weiland, and R.S. Brown. 2011. Surgically implanted JSATS micro-acoustic transmitters effects on juvenile Chinook Salmon and steelhead tag expulsion and survival, 2010. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Zydlewski, J., G. Zydlewski, and G.R. Danner. 2010. Descaling injury impairs the osmoregulatory ability of Atlantic Salmon smolts entering seawater. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 139:129–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar