Ecotoxicological study on lead shot from hunting in the Padule di Fucecchio marsh (Tuscany, Italy)

References

• Guitart , R. and Mateo , R. 2006 . El empleo de plomo en deportes como causa de intoxicacion y de contaminacion . Apunt. Ciencia Tecnol. , 21 : 2 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Consiglio , C. 1990 . Diana e Minerva , Rome : Edizioni Borla .
   Google Scholar
• Trost , R. E. 1981 . Dynamics of grit selection and retention in captive mallards . J. Wildlife Manage. , 45 : 64 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , J. L. , Hohman , W. L. , Stark , T. M. and Weisbrich , G. A. 1998 . Shot prevalences and diets of diving ducks five years after ban on use of lead shotshells at Catahoula Lake, Louisiana . J. Wildlife Manag. , 62 : 564 – 569 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo , R. and Guitart , R. 2000 . The effects of grit supplementation and feed type on steel-shot ingestion in mallards . Prev. Vet. Med. , 44 : 221 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto , K. , Hayashi , M. , Yoshimura , M. , Hayashi , H. , Hiratsuka , A. and Isii , Y. 1993 . The prevalence and retention of lead pellets in Japanese quail . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 24 : 478 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinell , G. B. 1894 . Lead poisoning . Forest Stream , 42 : 117 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Bellrose , F. C. 1959 . Lead poisoning as a mortality factor in waterfowl populations . III. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. , 27 : 287 – 292 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson , G. C. and Bellrose , F. C. 1986 . A review of the problem of lead poisoning in waterfowl . III. Nat. Hist. Surv. Spec. Publ. , 4 : 34
   Google Scholar
• D.J. Pain, Lead Poisoning of Waterfowl: A Review, IWRB Spec. Publ. No. 16, Slimbridge, UK, 1992
   Google Scholar
• Scheuhammer , A. M. and Norris , S. L. 1996 . The ecotoxicology of lead shot and lead fishing weights . Ecotoxicology , 5 : 279 – 295 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen , S. S. and Willems , M. 1987 . The transformation of lead pellets in shooting range soils . Ambio , 16 : 11 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Emerson, Contamination of Soil from Gun Shot: St.Thomas Gun Club (1993), Technical Memorandum, Rep. No. SDB 052-4304-94 TM, Standards Development Branch, Phytotoxicology Section, Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, Brampton, Ontario, 1994, 15 pp
   Google Scholar
• C. Sever, Lead and outdoor ranges, National Shooting Range Symposium Proceedings, Utah, Salt Lake City, 17–19 October, 1993, pp. 87–94
   Google Scholar
• Swaine , D. J. 1986 . “ Lead ” . In Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment , Edited by: Adriano , D. C. 219 – 262 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Pain , D. J. 1990 . Lead shot ingestion by waterbirds in the Camargue, France: An investigation of levels and interspecific differences . Environ. Pollut. , 66 : 273 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain , D. J. 1991 . Lead shot densities and settlement rates in Camargue Marshes, France . Biol. Conserv. , 57 : 273 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocke , T. E. , Brand , C. J. and Mensik , J. G. 1998 . Site-specific lead exposure from lead pellet ingestion in sentinel mallard . J. Wildlife Manag. , 61 : 228 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo , R. , Guitart , R. and Martinez Vilalta , A. 1997 . Lead shot pellets in the Ebro delta, Spain: Densities in sediments and prevalence of exposure in waterfowl . Environ. Pollut. , 96 : 335 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo , R. , Belliure , J. , Dolz , J. C. , Aguilar-Serrano , J. M. and Guitart , R. 1998 . High prevalences of lead poisoning in wintering waterfowl in Spain . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 35 : 342 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo , R. , Bonet , A. , Dolz , J. C. and Guitart , R. 2000 . Lead shot densities in a site of grit ingestion for greylag geese Anser anser in Doñana (Spain) . Ecotox. Environ. Rest. , 3 : 76 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Mateo , R. , Green , A. J. , Lefranc , H. , Baos , R. and Figuerola , J. 2007 . Lead poisoning in wild birds from southern Spain: A comparative study of wetlands areas and species affected and trends over time . Ecotox. Environ. Safe. , 66 : 119 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain , D. J. and Handrinos , G. I. 1990 . The incidence of ingested lead shot in ducks of the Evros delta, Greece . Wildfowl , 41 : 167 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Pain , D. J. Lead poisoning in birds: A southern European perspective . Proceedings of an IWRB International Symposium . 1991 , Grado, Italy. Managing Mediterranean Wetlands and Their Birds , Edited by: Finlayson , C. M. , Hollis , G. E. and Davis , T. J. Slimbridge, , UK : IWRB Spec. Publ .
   Google Scholar
• Mateo , R. 2009 . “ Lead poisoning in wild birds in Europe and the regulations adopted by different countries ” . In Ingestion of Lead from Spent Ammunition: Implications for Wildlife and Humans , Edited by: Watson , R. T. , Fuller , M. , Pokras , M. and Hunt , W. G. Boise, ID : The Peregrine Fund .
   Google Scholar
• Tirelli , E. , Maestrini , N. , Govoni , S. , Catelli , E. and Serra , R. 1996 . Lead contamination in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in Italy . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 56 : 729 – 733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirelli , E. and Tinarelli , R. 1996 . Avifauna acquatica e avvelenamento da piombo: informazioni disponibili per l'Italia . Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina , 26 : 261 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Del Bono , G. 1970 . Il saturnismo degli uccelli acquatici . Ann. Fac. Med. Vet. Uni. Pisa , 23 : 102 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Galasso , C. 1976 . Caso di Avvelenamento da piombo in una pittima reale (Limosa limosa) . Riv. Ital. Ornit. , 46 : 117
   Google Scholar
• Goffredo , G. , Iannibelli , F. , Chiocco , D. and D'Errico , M. 1983 . Episodi di saturnismo in anatre selvatiche . Praxis Vet. , 4 : 24 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Perco , F. , Leonzio , C. , Focardi , S. , Fossi , M. C. and Renzoni , A . 1983 . Intossicazione da piombo in due cigni reali della Laguna di Marano (Nord-est Italia) . Avocetta , 7 : 105 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Di Modugno , G. , Camarda , A. and Zizzo , N. 1994 . Avvelenamento da piombo in cigni reali (Cygnus olor) di passo nella penisola Salentina . Zool. Int. Suppl. , 15–16 : 90 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Arcangeli , G. , Manfrin , A. , Binato , G. , De Nardi , R. , Volponi , S. , Vascellari , M. , Mutinelli , F. and Terregino , C. 2007 . Avvelenamento da piombo in uccelli selvatici . Obiettivi Documenti Vet. , 9 : 39 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Ancora , S. , Bianchi , N. , Leonzio , C. and Renzoni , A. 2008 . Heavy metals in flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ) from Italian wetlands: The problem of ingestion of lead shot . Environ. Res. , 107 : 229 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , M. B. , Reddy , P. , Preslan , J. E. , Fingerman , M. , Bollinger , J. , Jolibois , L. , Maheshwarudu , G. and George , W. J. 1997 . Metal accumulation in crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, exposed to a petroleum-contaminated bayou in Louisiana . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe. , 37 : 267 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madigosky , S. R. , Alvarez-Hernandez , X. and Glass , J. 1991 . Lead, cadmium and aluminium accumulation in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii G. collected from roadside drainage ditches in Louisiana . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 20 : 253 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcorlo , P. , Otero , M. , Crehuet , M. , Baltanàs , A. and Montes , C. 2006 . The use of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard) as indicator of the bioavailibility of heavy metals in environmental monitoring in the River Guadiamar (SW, Spain) . Sci. Total Environ. , 366 : 380 – 390 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rincón-León , F. , Zurera-Cosano , G. and Pozo-Lora , R. 1988 . Lead and cadmium concentrations in red crayfish (Procambarus clarkii G.) in the Guadalquivir River marshes (Spain) . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 17 : 251 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez López , F. J. , Gil Garcia , M. D. , Sánchez Morito , N. P. and Martínez Vidal , J. L. 2003 . Determination of heavy metals in crayfish by ICP-MS with a microwave-assisted digestion treatment . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe. , 54 : 223 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss , J. C. , Hardaway Carey , J. , Richert Joel , C. and Sneddon , J. 2010 . Determination of cadmium copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry: A study over the 2009 season in southwest Louisiana . Microchem. J , 95 : 5 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faria , M. , Huertas , D. , Soto , D. K. , Grimalt , J. O. , Catalan , J. , Riva , M. C. and Barata , C. 2010 . Contaminant accumulation and multi-biomarker responses in field collected zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), to evaluate toxicological effects of industrial hazardous dumps in the Ebro river (NE Spain) . Chemosphere , 78 : 232 – 240 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suárez-Serrano , A. , Alcaraz , C. , Ibáñez , C. , Trobajo , R. and Barata , C. 2010 . Procambarus clarkii as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution sources in the lower Ebro River and Delta . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe. , 73 : 280 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , A. T. , Forester , D. M. and Mileke , H. W. 1995 . Heavy metal concentrations in two populations of crayfish . Vet. Hum. Toxicol. , 37 : 426 – 428 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schilerman , P. A.E.L. , Moonen , E. J.C. , Maas , L. M. , Welle , I. and Kleinjans , J. C.S. 1999 . Use of crayfish in biomonitoring studies of environmental pollution of the River Meuse . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe. , 44 : 241 – 252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowlton , M. F. , Boyle , T. P. and Jones , J. R. 1983 . Uptake of lead from aquatic sediment by submersed macrophytes and crayfish . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 12 : 535 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gherardi , F. and Barbaresi , S. 2000 . Invasive crayfish: Activity patterns of Procambarus clarkii in the rice fields of the lower Guadalquivir (Spain) . Arch. Hydrobiol. , 150 : 153 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , L. H. , Baskett , T. S. , Brakhage , G. K. and Cravens , V. C. 1977 . Evaluating cultivation near duck blinds to reduce lead poisoning hazard . J. Wildlife Manage. , 41 : 624 – 631 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymczak , M. R. and Adrian , W. J. 1978 . Lead poisoning in Canada geese in south-east Colorado . J. Wildlife Manage. , 42 : 299 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.C. Moore and J.T. King, Investigation of lead poisoning in waterfowl in California, Calif. Dept Fish Game Wildlife Invest. Lab., (1979), p. 7
   Google Scholar
• Longcore , J. R. , Corr , P. O. and Spencer Jr , H. E. 1982 . Lead shot incidence in sediments and waterfowl gizzards from Merrymeeting Bay, Maine . Wildlife Soc. Bull. , 10 : 3 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , F. M. , Hall , S. L. , Wilder , W. R. , Robinson , B. E. and Lobpries , D. S. 1986 . “ An analysis of spent shot in Upper Texas coastal waterway wintering habitat ” . In Lead Poisoning in Waterfowl, a Workshop , Edited by: Feierabend , J. S. and Russel , A. B. Washington, DC : National Wildlife Federation .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , C. M. , Mensik , J. G. and Feldheim , C. L. 2001 . Effects of tillage on lead shot distribution in wetland sediments . J. Wildlife Manage. , 65 : 40 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead , P. J. and Tschirner , K. 1991 . Lead shot ingestion and lead poisoning of Magpie Geese Anseranas semipalmata foraging in a northern Australian hunting reserve . Biol. Conserv. , 58 : 99 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , B. D. and Meltofte , H. 1979 . Occurrence of lead shot in the wetlands of western Jutland, Denmark, and in the gizzards of Danish ducks . Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr. , 73 : 257 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Guitart , R. , To-Figueras , J. , Mateo , R. , Bertolero , A. , Cerradelo , S. and Martinez-Vilata , A. 1994 . Lead poisoning in waterfowl from the Ebro Delta, Spain: Calculation of lead exposure thresholds for mallards . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 27 : 289 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit , T. , Bakhuizen , T. , Gaasenbeek , C. P.H. and Moraal , L. G. 1988 . Voorkomen van loodkorrels rondjachthutten en kleiduivenbanen . Limosa , 61 : 183 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Mudge , G. P. 1984 . Densities and settlement rates of spent shotgun pellets in British wetland soils . Environ. Pollut. B , 8 : 299 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Q-S. , Wu , Z-F. , Chu , B. , Zhang , N. , Cai , S-S. and Fang , J. H. 2007 . Heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, China . Environ. Pollut. , 149 : 158 – 164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund , M. , Davis , J. and Murray , F. 1991 . The fate of lead from duck shooting and road runoff in three Western Australian wetlands . Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. , 42 : 139 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Roach , A. C. 2005 . Assessment of metals in sediments from Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia, using normalisation models and sediment quality guidelines . Mar. Environ. Res. , 59 : 453 – 472 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnevie , N. L. , Gunster , D. G. and Wenning , R. J. 1992 . Lead contamination in surficial sediments from Newark Bay, New Jersey . Environ. Int. , 18 : 497 – 508 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnevie , N. L. , Huntler , S. L. , Found , W. B. and Wenning , R. J. 1994 . Trace metal contamination in superficial sediments from Newark Bay, New Jersey . Sci. Total Environ. , 144 : 1 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soto-Jimenez , M. F. , Paez-Osuna , F. , Scelfo , G. , Hibdon , S. , Aggarawl , R. Franks J. and Flegal , A. R. 2008 . Lead pollution in subtropical ecosystems on the SE Gulf of California Coast: A study of concentrations and isotopic composition . Mar. Environ. Res. , 66 : 451 – 458 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauvalter , V. and Rognerud , S. 2001 . Heavy metal pollution in sediments of the Pasvik River drainage . Chemosphere , 42 : 9 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma , W. 1989 . Effect of soil pollution with metallic lead pellets on lead bioaccumulation and organ/body weight alternations in small mammals . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 18 : 617 – 622 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• França , S. , Vinagre , C. , Caçador , I. and Cabral , H. N. 2005 . Heavy metal concentrations in sediment, benthic invertebretes and fish in three salt marsh areas subject to different pollution loads in the Tagus Estuary (Portugal) . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 50 : 993 – 1018 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Laing , G. , De Vos , R. , Vandecasteele , B. , Lesage , E. , Tack , F. M.G. and Verloo , M. G. 2008 . Metal accumulation in intertidal marshes: Role of sulphide precipitation . Wetlands , 28 : 735 – 746 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nriagu , J. O. 1978 . “ Lead in soils, sediments, and major rock groups ” . In The Biogeochemistry of Lead in the Environment: Part A, Ecological Cycles , Edited by: Nriagu , J. O. 15 – 72 . Amsterdam : Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heinrichs , H. , Shulz-Dobrick , B. and Wedepohl , K. H. 1980 . Terrestrial geochemistry of Cd, Bi, Tl, Pb and Rb . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. , 44 : 1519 – 1533 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauskopf , K. B. 1979 . Introduction to Geochemistry , Tokyo : International Series in the Earth and Planetary Scienes, McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• H.N. Kerdijk, Actes du seminaire international sur les aspects environnementaux lies aux activites de dragages, session II, Nantes, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Adriano , D. C. 2001 . Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Risks of Metals , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Icely , J. D. and Nott , J. A. 1992 . “ Digestion and absorption: Digestive systems and associated organisms ” . In Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates Decapod Crustacean , Edited by: Harrison , F. W. and Humes , A. G. Vol. 10 , New York : Wiley-Liss .
   Google Scholar
• Devi , M. , Thomas , D. A. , Barber , J. T. and Fingerman , M. 1996 . Accumulation and physiological and biochemical effects of cadmium in a simple aquatic food chain . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safe. , 33 : 38 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollinger , J. E. , Bundy , K. , Anderson , M. B. , Millet , L. , Preslan , J. E. and Lolibois , L. 1997 . Bioaccumulation of chromium in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) . J. Hazard. Mater. , 54 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández , L. M. , Rico , Ma. C. , González , Ma. J. , Montero , M. C. and Fernández , M. A. 1987 . Residues of organochlorine chemicals and concentrations on heavy metals in ciconiforme eggs in relation to diet and habitat . J. Environ. Sci. Health , B22 : 245 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden , J. D. , Grodner , R. M. , Feagley , S. E. , Finert , M. W. and Anderws , L. S. 1991 . Minerals and xenobiotic residues in edible tissues of wild and pond-raised Louisiana crayfish . J. Food Safe. , 12 : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar