Temporal and geographical variations of mercury and selenium in eggs of Larus michahellis and Larus audouinii from central Mediterranean islands

References

• Furness RW, Greenwood JD. Birds as monitors of environmental change. London: Chapman & Hall; 1993. p. 1–356.
   Google Scholar
• Bianchi N, Ancora S, Di Fazio N, et al. Cadmium, lead, and mercury levels in feathers of small passerine birds: non-invasive sampling strategy. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008;27:2064–2070. doi: 10.1897/07-403.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonzio C, Bianchi N, Gustin M, et al. Mercury, lead and copper in feathers and excreta of small passerine species in relation to foraging guilds and age of feathers. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2009;83:693–697. doi: 10.1007/s00128-009-9789-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis SA, Becker PH, Furness RW. Mercury levels in eggs, tissues, and feathers of herring gulls Larus argentatus from the German Wadden Sea Coast. Environ Pollut. 1993;80:293–299. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90051-O
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger J, Gochfeld M. Heavy metals and selenium concentrations in eggs of Herring Gull (Larus argentatus): temporal differences from 1989 to 1994. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995;29:192–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett RT, Skaare JU, Gabrielsen GW. Recent changes in levels of persistent organochlorines and mercury in eggs of seabirds from the Barents Sea. Environ Pollut. 1996;92:13–18. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(95)00091-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koster MD, Ryckman DP, Weseloh DVC, et al. Mercury levels in Great Lakes herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs, 1972–1992. Environ Pollut. 1996;93:261–270. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00043-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helgason LB, Barrett R, Lie E, et al. Levels and temporal trends (1983–2003) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg) in seabird eggs from Northern Norway. Environ Pollut. 2008;155:190–198. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weseloh DVC, Moore DJ, Hebert CE, et al. Current concentrations and spatial and temporal trends in mercury in Great Lakes herring gull eggs, 1974–2009. Ecotoxicology. 2011;20:1644–1658. doi: 10.1007/s10646-011-0755-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braune BM, Gaston A J, Mallory ML. Temporal trends of mercury in eggs of five sympatrically breeding seabird species in the Canadian Arctic. Environ Pollut. 2016;214:124–131. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacci E. Mercury in the Mediterranean. Mar Pollut Bull. 1989;20:59–63. doi: 10.1016/0025-326X(89)90227-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cossa D, Coquery M. The Mediterranean mercury anomaly: a geochemical or a biological issue. In: Saliot A, editor. Handbook of environmental chemistry vol. 5 chapter 6. Berlin: Springer; 2005. p. 177–208.
   Google Scholar
• Wiener JG, Krabbenhoft DP, Heinz GH, et al. Ecotoxicology of mercury. In: Hoffman DJ, Rattner BA, Burton GA Jr., et al., editors. Handbook of ecotoxicology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2003. p. 409–463.
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier E. Mercury-selenium interactions in aquatic organisms: a review. Mar Environ Res. 1986;18:111–132. doi: 10.1016/0141-1136(86)90003-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigro M, Leonzio C. Intracellular storage of mercury and selenium in different marine vertebrates. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1996;135:137–143. doi: 10.3354/meps135137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang DY, Chen YW, Gunn JM, et al. Selenium and mercury in organisms: interactions and mechanisms. Environ Rev. 2008;16:71–92. doi: 10.1139/A08-001
   Google Scholar
• Ackerman JT, Eagles-Smith CA, Herzog MP, et al. Maternal transfer of contaminants in birds: mercury and selenium concentrations in parents and their eggs. Environ Pollut. 2016;210:145–154. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger J, Gochfeld M, Jeitner S, et al. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in selenium:mercury molar ratios in saltwater fish from the Aleutians: potential protection on mercury toxicity by selenium. Sci Total Environ. 2012;431:46–56. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirrone N, Cinnirella S, Feng X, et al. Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources. Atmos Chem Phys. 2010;10:5951–5964. doi: 10.5194/acp-10-5951-2010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selin NE. Global biogeochemical cycling of mercury: a review. Annu Rev Environ Resour. 2009;34:43–63. doi: 10.1146/annurev.environ.051308.084314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driscoll CT, Mason RP, Chan HM, et al. Mercury as a global pollutant: sources, pathways, and effects. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47:4967–4983. doi: 10.1021/es305071v
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonito LT, Hamdoun A, Sandin SA. Evaluation of the global impacts of mitigation on persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants in marine fish. PeerJ. 2016;4:e1573. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross FA, Evans DW, Barber RT. Decadal declines of mercury in adult bluefish (1972–2011) from the Mid-Atlantic Coast of the U.S.A. Environ Sci Technol. 2015;49:9064–9072. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01953
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinney MA, Atwood TC, Pedro S, et al. Ecological change drives a decline in mercury concentrations in Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears. Environ Sci Technol. 2017;51:7814–7822. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess NM, Bond AL, Hebertc CE, et al. Mercury trends in herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs from Atlantic Canada, 1972–2008: temporal change in dietary shift? Environ Pollut. 2013;172:216–222. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rüdel H, Fliedner A, Kösters J, et al. Twenty years of elemental analysis of marine biota within the German Environmental Specimen Bank – a thorough look at the data. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2010;17:1025–1034. doi: 10.1007/s11356-009-0280-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braune BM. Temporal trends of organochlorines and mercury in seabird eggs from the Canadian Arctic, 1975–2003. Environ Pollut. 2007;148:599–613. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blukacz-Richards EA, Visha A, Graham ML, et al. Mercury levels in herring gulls and fish: 42 years of spatio-temporal trends in the Great Lakes. Chemosphere. 2017;172:476–487. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Hoyo J, Collar NJ, Christie DA, et al. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. volume 1: Non-passerines. Barcelona/Cambridge: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017–2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 15 September 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz X, Oro D, Martinez-Vilalta A, et al. Feeding ecology of Audouin’s gull (Larus audouinii) in the Ebro Delta. Colon Waterbirds. 1996;19:68–74. doi: 10.2307/1521947
   Google Scholar
• Arcos JM, Ruiz X, Bearhop S, et al. Mercury levels in seabirds and their fish prey at the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean): the role of trawler discards as a source of contamination. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2002;232:281–290. doi: 10.3354/meps232281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Focardi S, Fossi MC, Lambertini M, et al. Long term monitoring of pollutants in eggs of yellow-legged herring gull from Capraia island (Tuscan archipelago). Environ Monit Assess. 1988;10:43–50. doi: 10.1007/BF00394255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonzio C, Lambertini M, Massi A, et al. An assessment of pollutants in eggs of audouin’s gull (Larus audouinii), a rare species of the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Total Environ. 1989;78:13–22. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(89)90019-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlendorf HM, Custer TW, Lowe RW, et al. Organochlorines and mercury in eggs of coastal terns and herons in California, USA. Colon. Waterbirds. 1988;11:85–94. doi: 10.2307/1521173
   Google Scholar
• Monteiro LR, Granadeiro JP, Furness RW, et al. Contemporary patterns of mercury contamination in the Portuguese Atlantic inferred from mercury concentrations in seabird tissues. Mar Environ Res. 1999;47:137–156. doi: 10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00110-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morera M, Sanpera C, Crespo S, et al. Inter- and intra-clutch variability in heavy metals and selenium levels in Audouin’s gull eggs from the Ebro Delta, Spain. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997;33:71–75. doi: 10.1007/s002449900225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanpera C, Morera M, Ruiz X, et al. Variability of mercury and selenium levels in clutches of Audouin’s gulls (Larus audouinii) breeding at the Chafarinas islands, Southwest Mediterranean. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000;39:119–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanpera C, Morera M, Crespo S, et al. Trace elements in clutches of yellow-legged gulls, Larus cachinnans, from the Medes islands, Spain. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997;59:757–762. doi: 10.1007/s001289900545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramírez F, Abdennadher A, Sanpera C, et al. Tracing waterbird exposure to total mercury and selenium: A case study at the solar saltworks of Thyna (Sfax, Tunisia). Environ Sci Technol. 2011;45:5118–5124. doi: 10.1021/es200026w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan AL, Hopkins WA, Baionno J, et al. Maternal transfer of contaminants to eggs in common grackles (Quiscalus quiscala) nesting on coal fly ash basins. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2003;45:273–277. doi: 10.1007/s00244-002-0212-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger J. Heavy metals in avian eggshells: another excretion method. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994;41:207–220. doi: 10.1080/15287399409531837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom NS. On the chemical form of mercury in edible fish and marine vertebrate tissue. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 1992;49:1010–1017. doi: 10.1139/f92-113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos R, Ramírez F, Jover L. Trophodynamics of inorganic pollutants in a wide-range feeder: the relevance of dietary inputs and biomagnification in the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis). Environ Pollut. 2013;172:235–242. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain DJ, Burneleau G, Bavoux C, et al. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, mercury and lead in relation to shell thickness in marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) eggs from Charente-Maritime, France. Environ Pollut. 1999;104:1–68. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00154-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicente J, Bertolero A, Meyer J, et al. Distribution of perfluorinated compounds in yellow-legged gull eggs (Larus michahellis) from the Iberian peninsula. Sci Total Environ. 2012;416:468–475. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheuhammer AM, Meyer WM, Sandheinrich MB, et al. Effects of environmental methylmercury on the health of wild birds, mammals, and fish. Ambio. 2007;36:12–19. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[12:EOEMOT]2.0.CO;2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson DR. Mercury in birds and terrestrial mammals. In: Beyer WN, Heinz GH, Redmond-Norwood AW, editors. Environmental contaminants in wildlife: interpreting tissue concentrations. Boca Raton (FL): Lewis; 1996. p. 341–356.
   Google Scholar
• Ackerman JT, Herzog MP, Schwarzbach SE. Methylmercury is the predominant form of mercury in bird eggs: a synthesis. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47:2052–2060. doi: 10.1021/es304385y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skorupa JP. Selenium poisoning of fish and wildlife in nature: lessons from twelve real-world examples. In: Frankenberger WT, Engberg RA, editors. Environmental chemistry of selenium. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 1998. p. 315–354.
   Google Scholar
• Ackerman JT, Eagles-Smith CA, Herzog MP, et al. Egg-laying sequence influences egg mercury concentrations and egg size in three bird species: implications for contaminant monitoring programs. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2016;35:1458–1469. doi: 10.1002/etc.3291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinz GH, Hoffman DJ, Gold LG. Impaired reproduction of mallards fed an organic form of selenium. J Wildl Manag. 1989;53:418–428. doi: 10.2307/3801145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinz GH. Eggshell thickness in mallards fed methylmercury. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1980;25:498–502. doi: 10.1007/BF01985561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peakall DB, Lincer JL. Methyl mercury: its effect on eggshell thickness. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1972;8:89–90. doi: 10.1007/BF01684512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aliakbari A, Savabieasfahani M, Ghasempouri SM. Mercury in egg and eggshell of whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybrida) from Anzali wetlands of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011;86:175–179. doi: 10.1007/s00128-010-0155-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNEP/MAP. Review of MED POL Marine Monitoring Activities: Assessment of the state of the environment and pollution trends. UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.343/3.2009.
   Google Scholar
• Capelli R, Drava G, Siccardi C, et al. Study of the distribution of trace elements in six species of marine organisms of the Ligurian Sea (North-Western Mediterranean)-comparison with previous findings. Ann Chim. 2004;94:533–546. doi: 10.1002/adic.200490067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrell A, Aguilar A, Tornero V, et al. Concentrations of mercury in tissues of striped dolphins suggest decline of pollution in Mediterranean open waters. Chemosphere. 2014;107:319–323. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Springer AM, Roseneau DG, Denby SL, et al. Seabird responses to fluctuating prey availability in the eastern Bering Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1986;32:1–12. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24825471 doi: 10.3354/meps032001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasilakopoulos P, Maravelias CD, Tserpes G. The alarming decline of Mediterranean fish stocks. Curr Biol. 2014;24:1643–1648. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearzi G, Politi E, Agazzi S, et al. Occurrence and present status of coastal dolphins (Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus) in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Aquat Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst. 2005;15:243–257. doi: 10.1002/aqc.667
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauly DV, Christensen J, Dalsgaard R, et al. Fishing down marine food webs. Science. 1998;279:860–863. doi: 10.1126/science.279.5352.860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christel I, Navarro J, del Castillo M, et al. Foraging movements of audouin’s gull (Larus audouinii) in the Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean: A preliminary satellite-tracking study. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 2012;96:257–261. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.11.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bécares J, García-Tarrasón M, Villero D, et al. Modelling terrestrial and marine foraging habitats in breeding Audouin’s gulls Larus audouinii: timing matters. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(4):e0120799). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Mercury-environmental aspects. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 1989.
   Google Scholar