Effect of Insulin on Airway Responsiveness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study

References

• Abrahamson E M. Asthma, diabetes mellitus and hyper insulinism. J Clin Endocrinol 1941; 1: 402–406
   Google Scholar
• Helander E. Asthma and diabetes. Acta Med Scand 1958; 162: 165–174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hermansson B, Holmgren G, Samuelson G. Juvenile diabetes mellitus and atopy. Hum Hered 1971; 21: 504–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meerwaldt R, Odink R J, Landaeta R, Aarts F, Brunekreef B, Gerritsen J, Van Aalderen W M, Hoekstra M O. A lower prevalence of atopy symptoms in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp All 2002; 32: 254–255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EURODIAB sub study 2 group: Decreased prevalence of atrophic diseases in children with diabetes. J Pediatr 2000; 137: 470–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stene L C, Nafstad P. Relation between occurrence of type 1 diabetes and asthma. Lancet 2001; 357: 607–608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes P J. Muscarinic receptors subtype in airways. Eur Respir J 1993; 6: 328–331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terzano C, Laurendi G, Capoccetta G, Rapisarda M, Pacilio R, Petroianni A. The smooth muscle and airway hyper-responsiveness. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2003; 7: 9–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayala L E, Ahmed T. Is there loss of a protective muscarinic receptor in asthma?. Chest 1989; 96: 1285–1291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello R B, Schofield B, Kephart G, Gleich G, Jacoby D, Fryer A. Localization of eosinophils to airway nerves and the effect on neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors function. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: L93–L103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villa M P, Cacciari E, Bernardi F, Cicognani A, Salardi S, Zapulla F. Bronchial reactivity in diabetic patients: relationship to duration of diabetes and degree of glycemic control. Am J Dis Child 1988; 142: 726–729
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heaton R W, Guy R J, Gray B J, Watkins P J, Costello J F. Diminished bronchial reactivity to cold air in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. Br Med J 1984; 289: 149–151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianna E O, Garcia-Leme J. Allergen-induced airway inflammation in rats. Role of insulin. Am J Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 809–814
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the Expert Committee on diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: S55–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller M R, Crapo R, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Enright P, Van der Grinten C P, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson D C, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen O F, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J; ATS/ERS Task Force. General considerations for lung function testing. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 153–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for Methacholine and Exercise Challenge Testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 309–329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulcan E, Bulut I, Toker A, Gulcan A. Evaluation of glucose tolerance status in patients with asthma bronchiole. J Asthma 2009; 46: 207–209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szentivanyi A. The β -adrenergic theory of the atrophic abnormality in bronchial asthma. J Allergy 1968; 42: 203–233
   Google Scholar
• Townley R G. Interleukin 13 and the β -adrenergic blockade theory of asthma revisited 40 years later. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 99: 215–224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douek I F, Leech N J, Gillmor H A, Bingley P J, Gale E A. Children with type-1 diabetes and their unaffected siblings have fewer symptoms of asthma. Lancet 1999; 353: 1850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman E D, Hurd S S, Barnes P J, Bousquet J, Drazen J M, FitzGerald M, Gibson P, Ohta K, O'Byrne P, Pedersen S E, Pizzichini E, Sullivan S D, Wenzel S E, Zar H J. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: GINA executive summary. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 143–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron M J, Arreaza G A, Zucker P, Chensue S W, Strieter R M, Chakrabarti S, Delovitch T L. IL-4 prevents insulitis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic mice by potentiation of regulatory T helper-2 cell function. J Immunol 1997; 159: 4686–4692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey C D, Celedón J C. The hygiene hypothesis and asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005; 11: 14–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaafsma D, McNeill K D, Stelmack G L, Gosens R, Baarsma H A, Dekkers B G, Frohwerk E, Penninks J M, Sharma P, Ens K M, Nelemans S A, Zaagsma J, Halayko A J, Meurs H. Insulin induces the expression of contractile phenotypic markers in airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293: C429–C439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalher-Machado S C, de Lima W T, Damazo A S, de Frias Carvalho V, Martins M A, Silva P M, Sannomiya P. Down-regulation of mast cell and airway reactivity in diabetic rats: role of insulin. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 552–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaafsma D, Gosens R, Ris J M, Zaagsma J, Meurs H, Nelemans S A. Insulin induces airway smooth muscle contraction. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150: 136–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulson F R, Jacoby D B, Fryer A D. Increased function of inhibitory neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors in trachea and ileum of diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135: 1355–1362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosens R, Nelemans S A, Hiemstra M, Grootte Bromhaar M M, Meurs H, Zaagsma J. Insulin induces a hyper contractile airway smooth muscle phenotype. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 481: 125–131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belmonte K E, Jacoby D B, Fryer A D. Increased function of inhibitory neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors in diabetic rat lungs. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 121: 1287–1294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belmonte K E, Fryer A D, Costello R W. Role of insulin in antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor dysfunction. J Appl Physiol 1998; 85: 1708–1718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skyler J S, Jovanovic L, Klioze S, Reis J, Duggan W. Inhaled Human Insulin Type 1 Diabetes Study Group: Two-year safety and efficacy of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 579–585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett A H, Lange P, Dreyer M, Serdarevic-Pehar M. Exubera Phase 3 Study Group. Long-term tolerability of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pract 2007; 61: 1614–1625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander P A, Blonde L, Rowe R, Mehta A E, Milburn J L, Hershon K S, Chiasson J L, Levin S R. Efficacy and safety of inhaled insulin (exubera) compared with subcutaneous insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a 6-month, randomized, comparative trial. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2356–2362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quattrin T, Bélanger A, Bohannon N J, Schwartz S L. Exubera Phase III Study Group. Efficacy and safety of inhaled insulin (Exubera) compared with subcutaneous insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: results of a 6-month, randomized, comparative trial. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2622–2627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar