rs12603332 is associated with male asthma patients specifically in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan

References

• Braman SS. The global burden of asthma. CHEST J 2006;130:4S–12S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf MO. Systems for the management of respiratory disease in primary care – an international series: Pakistan. Prim Care Respir J 2009;18:3–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet 2006;368:733–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy 2004;59:469–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim RH, Kobzik L, Dahl M. Risk for asthma in offspring of asthmatic mothers versus fathers: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2010;5:e10134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Custovic A, Marinho S, Simpson A. Gene-environment interactions in the development of asthma and atopy. Expert Rev Respir Med 2012;6:301–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fareed M, Afzal M. Single nucleotide polymorphism in genome-wide association of human population: a tool for broad spectrum service. EJMHG 2013;14:123–134.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson HS, Davies DE, Wicks J, Powell RM, Puddicombe SM, Holgate ST. Airway remodeling in asthma: new insights. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:215–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illi S, Depner M, Genuneit J, Horak E, Loss G, Strunz-Lehner C, et al. Protection from childhood asthma and allergy in Alpine farm environments—the GABRIEL Advanced Studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;129:1470–1477. e6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsten C, Melén E. Air pollution, genetics, and allergy: an update. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;12:455–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'amato G, Cecchi L, D'amato M, Liccardi G. Urban air pollution and climate change as environmental risk factors of respiratory allergy: an update. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010;20:95–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay D, Haw S, Ayres JG, Fischbacher C, Pell JP. Smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for childhood asthma. N Engl J Med 2010;363(12):1139–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beuther DA, Weiss ST, Sutherland ER. Obesity and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:112–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flohr C, Quinnell R, Britton J. Do helminth parasites protect against atopy and allergic disease? Clin Exp Allergy 2009;39:20–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ober C, Vercelli D. Gene–environment interactions in human disease: nuisance or opportunity? TIG 2011;27:107–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakarinen J, Hyvärinen A, Salkinoja‐ Salonen M, Laitinen S, Nevalainen A, Mäkelä MJ, et al. Predominance of Gram‐positive bacteria in house dust in the low‐allergy risk Russian Karelia. Environ Microbiol 2008;10:3317–3325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel S, Busato F, Genuneit J, Pekkanen J, Dalphin JC, Riedler J, et al. Farm exposure and time trends in early childhood may influence DNA methylation in genes related to asthma and allergy. Allergy 2013;68:355–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martino D, Prescott S. Epigenetics and prenatal influences on asthma and allergic airways disease. CHEST 2011;139:640–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Sleiman PM, Brasholt M, Chawes B, Kreiner-Møller E, et al. Chromosome 17q21 gene variants are associated with asthma and exacerbations but not atopy in early childhood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;179:179–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira MA, McRae AF, Medland SE, Nyholt DR, Gordon SD, Wright MJ, et al. Association between ORMDL3, IL1RL1 and a deletion on chromosome 17q21 with asthma risk in Australia. Eur J Human Genet 2010;19:458–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrdlickova B, Holla LI. Relationship between the 17q21 locus and adult asthma in a Czech population. Hum Immunol 2011;72:921–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung T, Sy H, Ng M, Chan I, Wong G, Tang N, et al. Asthma and atopy are associated with chromosome 17q21 markers in Chinese children. Allergy 2009;64:621–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li F, Tan J, Yang X, Wu Y, Wu D, Li M. Genetic variants on 17q21 are associated with asthma in a Han Chinese population. Genet Mol Res 2012;11:340–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madore A-M, Tremblay K, Hudson TJ, Laprise C. Replication of an association between 17q21 SNPs and asthma in a French-Canadian familial collection. Hum Genet 2008;123:93–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffatt MF, Kabesch M, Liang L, Dixon AL, Strachan D, Heath S, et al. Genetic variants regulating ORMDL3 expression contribute to the risk of childhood asthma. Nature 2007;448:470–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahid M, Sabar MF, Bano I, Rahman Z, Iqbal Z, Fatim Ali SS, et al. Sequence variants on 17q21 are associated with the susceptibility of asthma in the population of Lahore, Pakistan. J Asthma 2015;52:777–784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu H, Romieu I, Sienra‐ Monge JJ, Li H, Rio‐ Navarro D, London S. Genetic variation in ORM1‐like 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin‐like (GSDML) and childhood asthma. Allergy 2009;64:629–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franceschini A, Szklarczyk D, Frankild S, Kuhn M, Simonovic M, Roth A, et al. STRING v9. 1: protein-protein interaction networks, with increased coverage and integration. Nucleic Acids Res 2013;41:D808–D815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller M, Tam AB, Cho JY, Doherty TA, Pham A, Khorram N, et al. ORMDL3 is an inducible lung epithelial gene regulating metalloproteases, chemokines, OAS, and ATF6. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2012;109:16648–16653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew C. The isolation of high molecular weight eukaryotic DNA. Nucleic Acids. Springer; 1984. p. 31–34.
   Google Scholar
• McLaren W, Pritchard B, Rios D, Chen Y, Flicek P, Cunningham F. Deriving the consequences of genomic variants with the Ensembl API and SNP effect predictor. Bioinformatics 2010;26:2069–2070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanter J, Choudhry S, Eng C, Nazario S, Rodríguez-Santana JR, Casal J, et al. ORMDL3 gene is associated with asthma in three ethnically diverse populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1194–1200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu X, Yu C, Ren Z, Deng Y, Song J, Zhang H, et al. Genetic variants of 17q21 are associated with childhood‐onset asthma and related phenotypes in a northeastern Han Chinese population: a case–control study. Tissue Antigens 2014;83:330–336.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiu R, Zhao H, Wang A, Gong Y, Liu Q. Association of genetic variants in chromosome 17q21 and adult-onset asthma in a Chinese Han population. BMC Med Genet 2011;12:133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flicek P, Amode MR, Barrell D, Beal K, Billis K, Brent S, et al. Ensembl 2014. Nucleic Acids Res 2014;42:D749–D755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran M, Dalah I, Alexander J, Rosen N, Stein TI, Shmoish M, et al. GeneCards version 3: the human gene integrator. Database 2010;2010:baq020.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bain G, Maandag ECR, Izon DJ, Amsen D, Kruisbeek AM, Weintraub BC, et al. E2A proteins are required for proper B cell development and initiation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. Cell 1994;79:885–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar