Factors associated with electronic cigarette use among adolescents asthma in the Republic of Korea

References

• Hajek P, Etter JF, Benowitz N, Eissenberg T, McRobbie H. Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit. Addiction. 2014;109(11):1801–1810. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marynak K, Gentzke A, Wang TW, Neff L, King BA. Exposure to electronic cigarette advertising among middle and high school students - United States, 2014-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(10):249–294. doi:https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6710a3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S, Grana RA, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking. J Adolesc Health. 2014;54(6):684–690. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho YM, Kim CB, Yeon KN, Lee ES, Kim K. Trends in the prevalence of childhood asthma in Seoul Metropolitan City, Korea: the Seoul atopy asthma-friendly school project. J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):275–280. doi:https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.090.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilliland FD, Islam T, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Avol E, Peters JM. Regular smoking and asthma incidence in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(10):1094–1100. doi:https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200605-722OC.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears MR, Greene JM, Willan AR, Wiecek EM, Taylor DR, Flannery EM, Cowan JO, Herbison GP, Silva PA, Poulton R, et al. A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(15):1414–1422. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etter JF, Bullen C, Flouris AD, Laugesen M, Eissenberg T. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: a research agenda. Tob Control. 2011;20(3):243–248. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.042168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goniewicz ML, Zielinska-Danch W. Electronic cigarette use among teenagers and young adults in Poland. Pediatrics. 2012;130(4):e879–e885. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adkison SE, O'Connor RJ, Bansal-Travers M, Hyland A, Borland R, Yong H-H, Cummings KM, McNeill A, Thrasher JF, Hammond D, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: international tobacco control four-country survey. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(3):207–215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polosa R, Morjaria J, Caponnetto P, Caruso M, Strano S, Battaglia E, Russo C. Effect of smoking abstinence and reduction in asthmatic smokers switching to electronic cigarettes: evidence for harm reversal. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(5):4965–4977. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110504965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polosa R, Morjaria JB, Caponnetto P, Caruso M, Campagna D, Amaradio MD, Ciampi G, Russo C, Fisichella A. Persisting long term benefits of smoking abstinence and reduction in asthmatic smokers who have switched to electronic cigarettes. Discov Med. 2016;21(114):99–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polosa R, Campagna D, Sands MF. Counseling patients with asthma and allergy about electronic cigarettes: an evidence-based approach. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;116(2):106–111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amrock SM, Zakhar J, Zhou S, Weitzman M. Perception of e-cigarette harm and its correlation with use among U.S. adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(3):330–336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedele DA, Barnett TE, Dekevich D, Gibson-Young LM, Martinasek M, Jagger MA. Prevalence of and beliefs about electronic cigarettes and hookah among high school students with asthma. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(12):865–869. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.10.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi K, Bernat DE. Cigarette use among Florida youth with and without asthma. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(4):446–453. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.03.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen K, Faulkner GEJ, Boak A, Hamilton HA, Mann RE, Irving HM, To T. Looking beyond cigarettes: Are Ontario adolescents with asthma less likely to smoke e-cigarettes, marijuana, waterpipes or tobacco cigarettes? Respir Med. 2016;120:10–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2016.09.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho JH, Paik SY. Association between Electronic Cigarette Use and Asthma among High School Students in South Korea. PloS One. 2016;11(3):e0151022. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zbikowski SM, Klesges RC, Robinson LA, Alfano CM. Risk factors for smoking among adolescents with asthma. J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med. 2002;30(4):279–287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00394-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Sim S, Choi HG. Active, passive, and electronic cigarette smoking is associated with asthma in adolescents. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):17789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotts JE, Jordt SE, McConnell R, Tarran R. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes?. BMJ (Clinical Research ed). 2019;366:l5275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clapp PW, Jaspers I. Electronic Cigarettes: Their Constituents and Potential Links to Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(11):79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-017-0747-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim MK, Kim HJ, Yun EH, Oh J-K, Park EY, Shin SH, Jung BY, Park E-C. Role of quit supporters and other factors associated with smoking abstinence in adolescent smokers: a prospective study on Quitline users in the Republic of Korea. Addict Behav. 2012;37(3):342–345. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. 2008. Physical activity guidelines for Americans: be active h, and happy!. Available from: http://fitprogram.ucla.edu/workfiles/Documents/Fit%20for%20residents%20curriculum/Step_5/2008_Physical_Activity_Guidelines_for_Americans.pdf. [cited 2016 Jul 20].
   Google Scholar
• Park S, Kim Y. Prevalence, correlates, and associated psychological problems of substance use in Korean adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2731-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park S, Lee Y, Jang H, Jo M. Violence victimization in Korean adolescents: risk factors and psychological problems. IJERPH. 2017;14(5):541. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee ESS, Yang YJ, Cho JJ, Ahn KY, Kim SH. Development of the stress questionnaire for KNHANES: report of scientific study service. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Gigantesco A, Morosini P. Development, reliability and factor analysis of a self-administered questionnaire which originates from the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Short Form (CIDI-SF) for assessing mental disorders. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2008;4:8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-0179-4-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park S, Lee Y, Lee JH. Association between energy drink intake, sleep, stress, and suicidality in Korean adolescents: energy drink use in isolation or in combination with junk food consumption. Nutr J. 2016;15(1):87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-016-0204-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). State-specific secondhand smoke exposure and current cigarette smoking among adults - United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Week Rep. 2008;58(44):1232–1235.
   Google Scholar
• Dutra LM, Glantz SA. Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(7):610–617. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson A, Ganz O, Vallone D. Tobacco on the web: surveillance and characterisation of online tobacco and e-cigarette advertising. Tob Control. 2015;24(4):341–347. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czoli CD, Hammond D, White CM. Electronic cigarettes in Canada: prevalence of use and perceptions among youth and young adults. Can J Public Health. 2014;105(2):e97–e102. doi:https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.105.4119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan AK, Promoff G, Dube SR, Arrazola R. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: adult use and awareness of the 'e-cigarette' in the USA. Tob Control. 2013;22(1):19–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czoli CD, Hammond D, Reid JL, Cole AG, Leatherdale ST. Use of conventional and alternative tobacco and nicotine products among a sample of Canadian youth. J Adolesc Health. 2015;57(1):123–125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachiotis G, Muula AS, Rudatsikira E, Siziya S, Kyrlesi A, Gourgoulianis K, Hadjichristodoulou C. Factors associated with adolescent cigarette smoking in Greece: results from a cross sectional study (GYTS Study). BMC Public Health. 2008;8:313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippert AM. Do adolescent smokers use e-cigarettes to help them quit? The sociodemographic correlates and cessation motivations of U.S. adolescent e-cigarette use. Am J Health Promot. 2015;29(6):374–379. doi:https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.131120-QUAN-595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White J, Li J, Newcombe R, Walton D. Tripling use of electronic cigarettes among New Zealand adolescents between 2012 and 2014. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56(5):522–528. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills TA, Knight R, Williams RJ, Pagano I, Sargent JD. Risk factors for exclusive e-cigarette use and dual e-cigarette use and tobacco use in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2015;135(1):e43–e51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi K, Forster J. Characteristics associated with awareness, perceptions, and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among young US Midwestern adults. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(3):556–561. doi:https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrington-Trimis JL, Berhane K, Unger JB, Cruz TB, Huh J, Leventhal AM, Urman R, Wang K, Howland S, Gilreath TD, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with adolescent electronic cigarette and cigarette use. Pediatrics. 2015;136(2):308–317. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritt-Olson A, Milam J, Unger JB, Trinidad D, Teran L, Dent CW, Sussman S. The protective influence of spirituality and "Health-as-a-Value" against monthly substance use among adolescents varying in risk. J Adolesc Health. 2004;34(3):192–199. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.07.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etter JF, Bullen C. Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy. Addiction. 2011;106(11):2017–2028. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03505.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polosa R, Caponnetto P, Morjaria JB, Papale G, Campagna D, Russo C. Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e-Cigarette) on smoking reduction and cessation: a prospective 6-month pilot study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):786. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokhrel P, Herzog TA, Muranaka N, Regmi S, Fagan P. Contexts of cigarette and e-cigarette use among dual users: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:859. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2198-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar