References
- 2019 GINA main report - global initiative for asthma - GINA. 2019 [accessed June 8, 2020]. https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/.
- Dusser D, Montani D, Chanez P, de Blic J, Delacourt C, Deschildre A, Devillier P, Didier A, Leroyer C, Marguet C, et al. Mild asthma: An expert review on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment recommendations. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;62(6):591–604. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01394.x.
- Rabe KF, Adachi M, Lai CKW, Soriano JB, Vermeire PA, Weiss KB, Weiss ST. Worldwide severity and control of asthma in children and adults: the global asthma insights and reality surveys. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(1):40–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.04.042.
- Zureik M, Neukirch C, Leynaert B, Liard R, Bousquet J, Neukirch F. Sensitisation to airborne moulds and severity of asthma: cross sectional study from European Community respiratory health survey. Br Med J. 2002;325(7361):411–414. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7361.411.
- Liard R, Leynaert B, Zureik M, Beguin FX, Neukirch F. Using global initiative for asthma guidelines to assess asthma severity in populations. Eur Respir J. 2000;16(4):615–620. doi:https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16d08.x.
- Sears MR, Greene JM, Willan AR, Wiecek EM, Taylor DR, Flannery EM, Cowan JO, Herbison GP, Silva PA, Poulton R, et al. A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(15):1414–1422. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022363.
- Morgan WJ, Stern DA, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Holberg CJ, Guilbert TW, Taussig LM, Wright AL, Martinez FD. Outcome of asthma and wheezing in the first 6 years of life follow-up through adolescence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(10):1253–1258. doi:https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200504-525OC.
- Pearce N, Weiland S, Keil U, Langridge P, Anderson HR, Strachan D, Bauman A, Young L, Gluyas P, Ruffin D, et al. Self-reported prevalence of asthma symptoms in children in Australia, England, Germany and New Zealand: an international comparison using the ISAAC protocol. Eur Respir J. 1993;6(10):1455–1461.
- Com-Ruelle L, Crestin B, Dumesnil S. L’asthme En France Selon Les Stades de Sévérité; 2000 [accessed June 8, 2020]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268413581.
- Ronchetti R, Indinnimeo L, Bonci E, Corrias A, Evans D, Hindi-Alexander M, Midulla F, Pulejo R, Villa MP. Asthma self-management programmes in a population of Italian children: a multicentric study. Italian Study Group on asthma self-management programmes. Eur Respir J. 1997;10(6):1248–1253. doi:https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10061248.
- Bloom CI, Nissen F, Douglas IJ, Smeeth L, Cullinan P, Quint JK. Exacerbation risk and characterisation of the UK’s asthma population from infants to old age. Thorax. 2018;73(4):313–320. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210650.
- Arkhipov V, V, Grigoryeva EV, Gavrishina EV. Control of bronchial asthma in Russia: results of NIKA multi-center observational study. Pul′monologiâ (Mosk). 2011;(6):87–93. doi:https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-6-87-93.
- Suruki RY, Daugherty JB, Boudiaf N, Albers FC. The frequency of asthma exacerbations and healthcare utilization in patients with asthma from the UK and USA. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-017-0409-3.
- Wells KE, Peterson EL, Ahmedani BK, Severson RK, Gleason-Comstock J, Williams LK. The relationship between combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β-agonist use and severe asthma exacerbations in a diverse population. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(5):1274–1279.e2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.974.
- Bårnes CB, Ulrik CS. Asthma and adherence to inhaled corticosteroids: current status and future perspectives. Respir Care. 2015;60(3):455–468. doi:https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.03200.
- Suissa S, Ernst P, Kezouh A. Regular use of inhaled corticosteroids and the long term prevention of hospitalisation for asthma. Thorax. 2002;57(10):880–884. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.57.10.880.
- Suissa S, Ernst P, Benayoun S, Baltzan M, Cai B. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(5):332–336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200008033430504.
- O’Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Zhong N, Bateman E, Barnes PJ, Keen C, Almqvist G, Pemberton K, Jorup C, Ivanov S, et al. The SYGMA programme of phase 3 trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol given “as needed” in mild asthma: study protocols for two randomised controlled trials. Trials. 2017;18(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1731-4.
- Rabe KF, Atienza T, Magyar P, Larsson P, Jorup C, Lalloo UG. Effect of budesonide in combination with formoterol for reliever therapy in asthma exacerbations: a randomised controlled, double-blind study. Lancet. 2006;368(9537):744–753. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69284-2.
- O’Byrne PM, Bisgaard H, Godard PP, Pistolesi M, Palmqvist M, Zhu Y, Ekström T, Bateman ED. Budesonide/formoterol combination therapy as both maintenance and reliever medication in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171(2):129–136. doi:https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200407-884OC.
- Patel M, Pilcher J, Pritchard A, Perrin K, Travers J, Shaw D, Holt S, Harwood M, Black P, Weatherall M, et al. Efficacy and safety of maintenance and reliever combination budesonide-formoterol inhaler in patients with asthma at risk of severe exacerbations: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013;1(1):32–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70007-9.
- Beasley R, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, Hancox R, Reddel HK. Combination corticosteroid/β-agonist inhaler as reliever therapy: a solution for intermittent and mild asthma?J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(1):39–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.053.
- Haahtela T, Tamminen K, Malmberg LP, Zetterström O, Karjalainen J, Ylä-Outinen H, Svahn T, Ekström T, Selroos O. Formoterol as needed with or without budesonide in patients with intermittent asthma and raised NO levels in exhaled air: a SOMA study. Eur Respir J. 2006;28(4):748–755. doi:https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00128005.
- O’Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, Barnes PJ, Zhong N, Keen C, Jorup C, Lamarca R, Ivanov S, Reddel HK, et al. Inhaled combined budesonide-formoterol as needed in mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(20):1865–1876. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1715274.
- Bateman ED, Reddel HK, O’Byrne PM, Barnes PJ, Zhong N, Keen C, Jorup C, Lamarca R, Siwek-Posluszna A, FitzGerald JM, et al. As-needed budesonide-formoterol versus maintenance budesonide in mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(20):1877–1887. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1715275.
- Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, Baur X, Hall GL, Culver BH, Enright PL, Hankinson JL, Ip MSM, Zheng J, et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. 2012;40(6):1324–1343. doi:https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00080312.
- Cooper BG, Stocks J, Hall GL, Culver B, Steenbruggen I, Carter KW, Thompson BR, Graham BL, Miller MR, Ruppel G, et al. The global lung function initiative (GLI) network: bringing the world’s respiratory reference values together. Breathe (Sheff). 2017;13(3):e56–e64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.012717.
- Nwaru BI, Ekström M, Hasvold P, Wiklund F, Telg G, Janson C. Overuse of short-acting β2-agonists in asthma is associated with increased risk of exacerbation and mortality: a nationwide cohort study of the global SABINA programme. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(4):1901872. doi:https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01872-2019.
- Janson C, Menzies-Gow A, Nan C, Nuevo J, Papi A, Quint JK, Quirce S, Vogelmeier CF. SABINA: an overview of short-acting β2-agonist use in asthma in European countries. Adv Ther. 2020;37(3):1124–1135. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01233-0.
- Muneswarao J, Hassali MA, Ibrahim B, Saini B, Ali IAH, Verma AK. It is time to change the way we manage mild asthma: an update in GINA 2019. Respir Res. 2019;20:183. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1159-y.