Atypical asthma in children who present with isolated chest tightness: risk factors and clinical features

References

• Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2019. https://ginasthma.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Wouters LT, Rutten FH, Erkelens DC, De Groot E, Damoiseaux RA, Zwart DL. Accuracy of telephone triage in primary care patients with chest discomfort: a cross-sectional study. Open Heart. 2020;7(2):e001376. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2020-001376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wertli MM, Dangma TD, Müller SE, Gort LM, Klauser BS, Melzer L, Held U, Steurer J, Hasler S, Burgstaller JM. Non-cardiac chest pain patients in the emergency department: Do physicians have a plan how to diagnose and treat them? A retrospective study. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211615. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen H, Hua W, Wang P, Li W. A new phenotype of asthma: chest tightness as the sole presenting manifestation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;111 (3):226–227. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2013.06.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi H, Kanbara K, Hoshino K, Izumi S. Chest pain relieved with a bronchodilator or other asthma drugs. Allergol Int. 2009;58(3):421–427. doi:10.2332/allergolint.08-OA-0084.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ritz T, Bobb C, Edwards M, Steptoe A. The structure of symptom report in asthma: a reevaluation. J Psychosom Res. 2001;51(5):639–645. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00271-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171(8):912–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• César ACG, Nascimento LFC, Cota Mantovani KC, Vieira LCP. Fine particulate matter estimated by mathematical model and hospitalizations for pneumonia and asthma in children. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2016;34(1):18–23. doi:10.1016/j.rpped.2015.06.009.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fan J, Li S, Fan C, Bai Z, Yang K. The impact of PM2.5 on asthma emergency department visits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016;23(1):843–850. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5321-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De P Pablo-Romero M, Román R, Limón JMG, Praena-Crespo M. Effects of fine particles on children’s hospital admissions for respiratory health in Seville, Spain. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2015;65(4):436–444. doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.1001499.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reinmuth-Selzle K, Kampf CJ, Lucas K, Lang-Yona N, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Shiraiwa M, Lakey PSJ, Lai S, Liu F, Kunert AT, et al. Air pollution and climate change effects on allergies in the anthropocene: Abundance, interaction, and modification of allergens and adjuvants. Environ Sci Technol. 2017;51(8):4119–4141. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b04908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrendt H, Becker WM. Localization, release and bioavailability of pollen allergens: the influence of environmental factors. Curr Opin Immunol. 2001;13(6):709–715. doi:10.1016/S0952-7915(01)00283-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schröder PC, Li J, Wong Gary W, Schaub B. The rural-urban enigma of allergy: what can we learn from studies around the world. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015; 26(2):95–102. doi:10.1111/pai.12341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrais M, Lulua O, Quifica F, Rosado-Pinto J, Gama JMR, Taborda-Barata L. Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in 6-7-year-old schoolchildren from Luanda, Angola. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2019;47(6):523–534. doi:10.1016/j.aller.2018.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma K, Ravindra K, Mor S, Kaur-Sidhu M, Sehgal R. Detection and identification of dust mite allergens in the air conditioning filters in Chandigarh, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26(23):24262–24271. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05574-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Hou J, Sheng Y, Kong X, Weschler LB, Sundell J. Modern life makes children allergic. A cross-sectional study: associations of home environment and lifestyles with asthma and allergy among children in Tianjin region, China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2019;92(4):587–598. doi:10.1007/s00420-018-1395-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Sun C, Liu W, Zou Z, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhao Z, Deng Q, Yang X, Zhang X, et al. Associations of household renovation materials and periods with childhood asthma, in China: A retrospective cohort study. Environ Int. 2018;113:240–248. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Zayadneh EM, Alnawaiseh NA, Altarawneh AH, Aldmour IH, Albataineh EM, Al-Shagahin H, Alharazneh A, Alzayadneh E. Sensitization to inhaled allergens in asthmatic children in southern Jordan: a cross-sectional study. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2019;14(14):37. doi:10.1186/s40248-019-0199-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-González M, Álvarez-López S, González-Fernández E, Jesús Aira M, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ. Cross-reactivity between the Betulaceae family and fallout in the real atmospheric aeroallergen load. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 715(715):136861. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haccuria A, Michils A, Michiels S, Van Muylem A. Exhaled nitric oxide: A biomarker integrating both pulmonary function and airway inflammation changes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(3):554–559. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petsky HL, Cates CJ, Lasserson TJ, Li AM, Turner C, Kynaston JA, Chang AB. A systematic review and meta-analysis: tailoring asthma treatment on eosinophilic markers (exhaled nitric oxide or sputum eosinophils). Thorax. 2012; 67(3):199–208. doi:10.1136/thx.2010.135574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White MP, Kolstad TK, Elliott M, Cochrane ES, Stamey DC, Debley JS. Exhaled nitric oxide in wheezy infants predicts persistent atopic asthma and exacerbations at school age. JAA. 2020;13(13):11–22. doi:10.2147/JAA.S227732.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi H, Furuse H, Nakanishi Y, Tsuda T, Totsuka K, Masaki Y, Suzuki K, Ishizawa S, Miyazawa H. Bronchial biopsy and reactivity in patients with chest tightness relieved with bronchodilator. J Asthma. 2017;54(5):479–487. doi:10.1080/02770903.2016.1236940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Cirillo I, Tosca MA, Vizzaccaro A. Bronchial hyperreactivity and spirometric impairment in polysensitized patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Mol Allergy. 2005;63(2):79–83.
   Google Scholar
• Irwin RS. Chest tightness variant asthma (CTVA): reconfirmed and not generally appreciated. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6(5):405–406. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.02.05.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse SM, Gold DR, Sordillo JE, Hoffman EB, Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Fuhlbrigge AL, Tantisira KG, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the bronchodilator response in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(3):554–559. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar