Epidemiology, treatment and health care resource use of patients with severe asthma in Germany – a retrospective claims data analysis

References

• World Health Organization. Chronic respiratory diseases: asthma [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/chronic-respiratory-diseases-asthma [updated 3 May 2021; last accessed 10 October 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Agache I, Akdis C, Jutel M, Virchow JC. Untangling asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Allergy. 2012;67(7):835–846. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02832.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuruvilla ME, Lee FE-H, Lee GB. Understanding asthma phenotypes, endotypes, and mechanisms of disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2019;56(2):219–233. doi:10.1007/s12016-018-8712-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steppuhn H, Kuhnert R, Scheidt-Nave C. 12-month prevalence of asthma among adults in Germany. J Heal Monit. 2017;2(3):34–42. https://edoc.rki.de/bitstream/handle/176904/2820/24uudXhEQvz0c.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stock S, Redaelli M, Luengen M, Wendland G, Civello D, Lauterbach KW. Asthma: prevalence and cost of illness. Eur Respir J. 2005;25(1):47–53. doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00116203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan A, Sternbach N, Kamat S, Annunziata K, Jaffe D, Gouia I. Prevalence of asthma in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, based on the 2018 European National Health and Wellness Survey. Chest. 2020;158(4):A27. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gina Science Comitee. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention; 2021. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GINA-Main-Report-2021-V2-WMS.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo JR, Peters SP, Busse WW. Asthma exacerbations: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(4):918–927. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung KF. Precision medicine in asthma: linking phenotypes to targeted treatments. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018;24(1):4–10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29036018/ doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Initiative for Asthma. Pocket guide for asthma management and prevention [Internet]. Fontana, CA: Global Initiative for Asthma; 2019. https://ginasthma.org/pocket-guide-for-asthma-management-and-prevention/ [last accessed 5 September 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Peters SP, Ferguson G, Deniz Y, Reisner C. Uncontrolled asthma: a review of the prevalence, disease burden and options for treatment. Respir Med. 2006;100(7):1139–1151. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.03.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bundesärztekammer. Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Asthma. 3. Auflage - Langfassung. Version 1. 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Niven RM, Saralaya D, Chaudhuri R, Masoli M, Clifton I, Mansur AH, Hacking V, McLain-Smith S, Menzies-Gow A. Impact of omalizumab on treatment of severe allergic asthma in UK clinical practice: a UK multicentre observational study (the APEX II study). BMJ Open. 2016;6(8):e011857. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson NC, Chaudhuri, R, Omalizumab. Clinical use for the management of asthma. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med. 2011;6(1):27–40.
   Google Scholar
• European Medicines Agency. New add-on treatment for patients with severe asthma [Online]. Amsterdam: European Medicines Agency; 2019. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/new-add-treatmentpatients-severeasthma [last accessed 5 September 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Mcgregor MC, Krings JG, Nair P, Castro M. Role of biologics in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(4):433–445. doi:10.1164/rccm.201810-1944CI
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Medicines Agency. Tezspire; 2022. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/tezspire.
   Google Scholar
• Esteban-Gorgojo I, Antolín-Amérigo D, Domínguez-Ortega J, Quirce S. Non-eosinophilic asthma: current perspectives. J Asthma Allergy. 2018;11:267–281. doi:10.2147/JAA.S153097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volmer T, Effenberger T, Trautner C, Buhl R. Consequences of long-term oral corticosteroid therapy and its side-effects in severe asthma in adults: a focused review of the impact data in the literature. Eur Respir J. 2018;52(4):1800703. https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/52/4/1800703.full.pdf doi:10.1183/13993003.00703-2018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selbmann HK. Nationale Versorgungs-Leitlinie Asthma. Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 2018;100(6):409.
   Google Scholar
• Breekveldt-Postma NS, Erkens JA, Aalbers R, Van De Ven MJT, Lammers JWJ, Herings RMC. Extent of uncontrolled disease and associated medical costs in severe asthma - a PHARMO study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(4):975–983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18282372/ doi:10.1185/030079908x280518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cataldo D, Louis R, Michils A, Peché R, Pilette C, Schleich F, Ninane V, Hanon S. Severe asthma: oral corticosteroid alternatives and the need for optimal referral pathways. J Asthma. 2021;58(4):448–458. doi:10.1080/02770903.2019.1705335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloechliger M, Reinau D, Spoendlin J, Chang S-C, Kuhlbusch K, Heaney LG, Jick SS, Meier CR. Adverse events profile of oral corticosteroids among asthma patients in the UK: cohort study with a nested case-control analysis. Respir Res. 2018;19(1):75. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5921395/ doi:10.1186/s12931-018-0742-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossny E, Caraballo L, Casale T, El-Gamal Y, Rosenwasser L. Severe asthma and quality of life. World Allergy Organ J. 2017;10:28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28855973/ doi:10.1186/s40413-017-0159-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caminati M, Senna G. Uncontrolled severe asthma: starting from the unmet needs. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35(2):175–177. https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=icmo20 doi:10.1080/03007995.2018.1528218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang E, Wechsler ME, Tran TN, Heaney LG, Jones RC, Menzies-Gow AN, Busby J, Jackson DJ, Pfeffer PE, Rhee CK, et al. Characterization of severe asthma worldwide: data from the international severe asthma registry. Chest. 2020;157(4):790–804. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S, Golam S, Myers J, Bly C, Smolen H, Xu X. Systematic literature review of the clinical, humanistic, and economic burden associated with asthma uncontrolled by GINA Steps 4 or 5 treatment. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34(12):2075–2088. https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=icmo20 doi:10.1080/03007995.2018.1505352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung KF, Wenzel SE, Brozek JL, Bush A, Castro M, Sterk PJ, Adcock IM, Bateman ED, Bel EH, Bleecker ER, et al. International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(2):343–373. https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/43/2/343 doi:10.1183/09031936.00202013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taube C, Bramlage P, Hofer A, Anderson D. Prevalence of oral corticosteroid use in the German severe asthma population. ERJ Open Res. 2019;5(4):00092–2019. doi:10.1183/23120541.00092-2019
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoffmann F. Prevalence of asthma among German adults: analysis of the German national telephone survey. J Asthma. 2007;44(6):433–436. doi:10.1080/02770900701421922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnbaum HG, Ivanova JI, Yu AP, Hsieh M, Seal B, Emani S, Rosiello R, Colice GL. Asthma severity categorization using a claims-based algorithm or pulmonary function testing. J Asthma. 2009;46(1):67–72. doi:10.1080/02770900802503099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanova JI, Bergman R, Birnbaum HG, Colice GL, Silverman RA, McLaurin K. Effect of asthma exacerbations on health care costs among asthmatic patients with moderate and severe persistent asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(5):1229–1235. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viinanen A, Lassenius MI, Toppila I, Karlsson A, Veijalainen L, Idänpään-Heikkilä JJ, Laitinen T. The burden of adult asthma in Finland: impact of disease severity and eosinophil count on health care resource utilization. J Asthma. 2020;57(10):1092–1102. doi:10.1080/02770903.2019.1633664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song HJ, Blake KV, Wilson DL, Winterstein AG, Park H. Medical costs and productivity loss due to mild, moderate, and severe asthma in the United States. J Asthma Allergy. 2020;13:545–555. doi:10.2147/JAA.S272681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sicras-Mainar A, Capel M, Navarro-Artieda R, Nuevo J, Orellana M, Resler G. Real-life retrospective observational study to determine the prevalence and economic burden of severe asthma in Spain. J Med Econ. 2020;23(5):492–500. doi:10.1080/13696998.2020.1719118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogliani P, Sforza M, Calzetta L. The impact of comorbidities on severe asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2020;26(1):47–55. https://journals.lww.com/co-pulmonarymedicine/Abstract/2020/01000/The_impact_of_comorbidities_on_severe_asthma.9.aspx doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steppuhn H, Langen U, Scheid-Nave C, Keil T. Major comorbid conditions in asthma and association with asthma-related hospitalizations and emergency department admissions in adults: results from the German national health telephone interview survey (GEDA) 2010. Pulm Med. 2010;13(46). doi:10.1186/1471-2466-13-46#citeas
   Google Scholar
• Akmatov MK, Ermakova T, Holstiege J, Steffen A, von Stillfried D, Bätzing J. Comorbidity profile of patients with concurrent diagnoses of asthma and COPD in Germany. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–9. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74966-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorham J, Xu X, Price DB, Golam S, Davis J, Zhi Jie Ling J, Kerkhof M, Ow M, Tran TN. Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with incremental systemic corticosteroid exposure in asthma. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;74(2):273–283. doi:10.1111/all.13556
   Google Scholar
• Jacob C, Bechtel B, Engel S, Kardos P, Linder R, Braun S, Greiner W. Healthcare costs and resource utilization of asthma in Germany: a claims data analysis. Eur J Health Econ. 2016;17(2):195–201. doi:10.1007/s10198-015-0671-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molimard M, Buhl R, Niven R, Le Gros V, Thielen A, Thirlwell J, Maykut R, Peachey G. Omalizumab reduces oral corticosteroid use in patients with severe allergic asthma: real-life data. Respir Med. 2010;104(9):1381–1385. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.06.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melero Moreno C, Quirce S, Huerta A, Uría E, Cuesta M. Economic impact of severe asthma in Spain: multicentre observational longitudinal study. J Asthma. 2019;56(8):861–871. doi:10.1080/02770903.2018.1499035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs J, Scheidt-Nave C, Kuhnert R. 12-Monats-Prävalenz von Osteoporose in Deutschland. J Heal Monit. 2017;2(3):61–65. www.geda-studie.de
   Google Scholar
• Pfau N, Kern AO, Wolfram C, Kalcklösch M, Prütz F. Blindheit und Sehbehinderung - GBE-Themenheft. Gesundheitsberichterstattung Des Bundes. 2017. http://edoc.rki.de/docviews/abstract.php?id=5025%0Aurn:nbn:de:0257-10051713%0Ahttps://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Gesundheitsmonitoring/Gesundheitsberichterstattung/GBEDownloadsT/blindheit.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
   Google Scholar
• Jeffery MM, Shah ND, Karaca-Mandic P, Ross JS, Rank MA. Trends in omalizumab utilization for asthma : evidence of suboptimal patient selection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(5):1568–1577. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Numata T, Miyagawa H, Nishioka S, Okuda K, Utsumi H, Hashimoto M, Minagawa S, Ishikawa T, Hara H, Araya J, et al. Efficacy of benralizumab for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma: a retrospective, real-life study. BMC Pulm Med. 2020;20(1):1–10. doi:10.1186/s12890-020-01248-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerrum AS, Skjold T, Schmid JM. Oral corticosteroid sparing effects of anti-IL5/anti-IL5 receptor treatment after 2 years of treatment. Respir Med. 2021;176:106260. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langner I, Ohlmeier C, Zeeb H, Haug U, Riedel O. Individual mortality information in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD): a validation study using a record linkage with a large cancer registry. BMJ Open. 2019;9(7):e028223. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann J, Weidmann C, Biehle R. Validierung von GKV-Routinedaten am Beispiel von geschlechtsspezifischen Diagnosen. Gesundheitswesen. 2016;78(10):e162–e167.
   Google Scholar
• Darcey J, Qualtrough A. Difficult-to-treat & severe Asthma in adolescent and adult patients - diagnosis and management. Glob Initiat Asthma. 2019;214:493–509.
   Google Scholar
• Arfè A, Blasi F, Merlino L, Corrao G. Respiratory drugs and macrolides prevent asthma exacerbations: a real-world investigation. Respir Med. 2016;119:7–12. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2016.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar