Comparative changes in absorption, distribution and toxicity of copper and cadmium chloride in toads during the hibernation and the role of vitamin C against their toxicity

References

• ATSDR (Agency for toxic substances and disease registry) . 1990 . “ Toxicological profile for copper. Prepared by syracuse research corporation for ATSDR ” . In U.S. Public health service under contract 88-0608-2. ATSDR/TP-90-08;
   Google Scholar
• Bambang , Y , Charmantier , G , Thuet , P and Trilles , JP . 1995 . Effect of cadmium on survival and osmoregulation of various developmental stages of the shrimp Penaeus Japonicus (Crustacea: Decapoda) . Mar. Biol. , 123 : 443 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradberry , SM and Vale , JA . 1999 . Therapeutic review: Is ascorbic acid of value in chromium poisioning and chromium dermatitis? . J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. , 37 : 195 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brzoska , MM , Moniuszko-Jakoniuk , J , Jurczak , M and Galazyn-Sidorczuk , M . 2002 . Cadmium turnover and changes of zinc and copper body status of rats continuously exposed to cadmium and ethanol . Alcohol Alcoholism , 37 : 213 – 221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brzoska , MM , Moniuszko , J , Marcinkiewicz , B and Sawicki , B . 2003 . Liver and kidney function and histology in rats exposed to cadmium and ethanol . Alcohol Alcoholism , 38 : 2 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , HM , Zhu , LF , Zhong , R , Grant , D , Goyer , RA and Cherian , MG . 1993 . Nephrotoxicity in rats following liver transplantation from cadmium – exposed rats . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 123 : 89 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousins , RJ . 1985 . Absorption, transport and hepatic metabolism of copper and Zinc: Special references to metallothionein and ceruloplasmin . Physiol. Rev. , 65 : 238 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Donate , M and Sarkar , B . 1997 . Copper transport and its alteration in Menkes and Wilson diseases . Biochem. Biophys. Acta , 1360 : 3 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Goering , PL , Waalkes , MP and Klaassen , CD . 1995 . “ Toxicology of cadmium ” . In Toxicology of metals: Biochemical aspects , Edited by: Goyer , RA and Cherian , MG . Vol. 115 , 189 – 213 . New York : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Goyer , RA . 1996 . “ Toxic effects of metals. ” . In Casarett and Doull's toxicology – The basic science of poisons , Edited by: Klaassen , CD . 691 – 736 . New York : Mc Graw Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Graharezyh , M , Podstawka , M and Kope-Szlezak , J . 1991 . Protection of human peripheral blood leucocytes with vitamins E and C from toxic effect of fenarimol in vitro . Acta Haematol. Pol. , 22 : 136 – 144 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris , ED . 1991 . Copper transport: An overview . Proc. Soc. Exp. Med. , 196 : 130 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , SE and Klaverkamp , JF . 1989 . Uptake, elimination and tissue distribution of dietary and aqueous cadmium by rainbow trout (Salmo gairbneri Richardson) and lake white fish (Caregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 8 : 87 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James , C , Szebedinszk , CD , McDonald , G and Chris , MW . 2000 . Effects of chronic sublethal exposure to water borne Cu, Cd on Zn in rainbow trout: Tissue specific metal accumulation . Aquat. Toxicol. , 50 : 245 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• James , SM , Little , EE and Semlitsch , RD . 2004 . The effect of soil composition and hydration on the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to hibernating juvenile American toads (Bufo americanus) . Environ. Pollut. , 132 : 523 – 532 .
   Google Scholar
• James , SM , Little , EE and Semlitsch , RD . 2004 . Effects of multiple routes of cadmium exposure on the hibernation success of the American toads (Bufo americanus) . Arch Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 46 : 518 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Jorgensen , CB . 1991 . Water and salt balance at low temperature in a cold temperate zone anuran, the toad Bufo bufo . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , 100 : 377 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• Jurczuk , M , Brzoska , MM , Rojalska , J and Moniuszka-Jakoniuk , J . 2003 . Iron body status of rats chronically exposed to cadmium and ethanol . Alcohol Alcoholism , 38 : 202 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumaratilake , JS and Howell , JM . 1987 . Histochemical study of the accumulation of copper in the liver of sheep . Res. Vet. Sci. , 47 : 73 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Linder , MC and Hazegh-Azam , M . 1996 . Copper biochemistry and molecular biology . Am. J. Celin. Nature , 63 : 7975 – 8115 .
   Google Scholar
• Maiorka , PC , Massoco , CO , de Almeida , SD , Gorniak , SL and Dagli , ML . 1998 . Copper toxicosis in sheep: A case report . Vet. Human Toxicol. , 40 : 99 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Pinder , AW , Storey , KB and Ultsch , GR . 1992 . “ Estivation and hibernation. ” . In Environmental physiology of the amphibians , Edited by: Feder , ME and Burggeren , WW . 138 – 144 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rana , SVS and Kurmar , A . 1978 . Simultanous effects of dietary molybdenum and copper on the accumulation of copper in the liver and kidney of copper poisoned rats. A histochemical study . Ind. Health , 18 : 9 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Rita , T , Fine , MR , Pallock , FM and Shelden , EA . 2003 . HSP27, HSP70 and metallalothionien in MDCK and LLC – PK renal epithelial cells: Effect of prolonged exposure to cadmium . Toxicol. Appl. Pharamcol. , 191 : 63 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Shoemaker , VH , Hillman , SS , Hillyard , SD , Jackson , DC , McClanahan , LL , Withers , PC and Wygoda , ML . 1992 . “ Exchange of water, ions and respiratory gases in terrestrial amphibians. ” . In Environmental physiology of the amphibians , Edited by: Feder , ME and Burggeren , WW . 125 – 150 . Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sudo , J , Hayashi , T , Kimura , S , Kakano , K , Terui , J , Takashima , K and Soyama , M . 1996 . Mechanism of nephrotoxicity induced by repeated administration of cadmium chloride in rats . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. , 48 : 333 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thophon , S , Kruatrachue , M , Upatham , ES , Pokethitiyook , P , Sahaphong , S and Jartkhuam , S . 2003 . Histopathological alterations of white seabass, Lates calcarifer, in acute and subchronic cadmium exposure . Environ. Pollut. , 121 : 307 – 320 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USAF (US Air Force) . 1990 . “ Copper. In: The installation program toxicology guide. Vol. 5. Ohio: Wright – Patterson ” . In Air Force Base 77 (1–43)
   Google Scholar
• Vogiatzis , AK and Loumbourdis , NS . 1998 . Cadmium accumulation in liver and kidneys and hepatic metallothionein and glutathione levels in Rana ridibunda after exposure to CdCl2 . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 34 : 64 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wlostowski , T . 1992 . On metallothionein, cadmium, copper and zinc relationship in the liver and kidney of adult rats. Comp . Biochem. Biophys. , 103 : 35 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Wlostowski , T , Krasowska , A and Trszczenko , BL . 2000 . Dietary cadmium induces histopathological changes despite a sufficient metallothionein level in the liver and kidney of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) . Comp. Biochem. Biophys. , 126 : 21 – 28 .
   Google Scholar