Screening for acute ocular toxicity of commercialized products of cartap, an insecticide, and correlation to blood concentrations in rabbits

References

• Beckley , JH . 1965 . Comparative eye testing: man vs. animal . Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , 7 : 93 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Buehler , EV and Newmann , EA . 1964 . A comparison of eye irritation in monkeys and rabbits . Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , 6 : 701 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers , JE and Carr , RL . 1995 . Biochemical mechanisms contributing to species differences in insecticidal toxicity . Toxicology , 105 : 291 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiba , S , Saji , Y , Takeo , Y , Yui , T and Aramaki , Y . 1967 . Nereistoxin and its derivatives, their neuromuscular blocking and convulsive actions . Japanese Journal of Pharmacology , 17 : 491 – 92 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Council of Agriculture (COA) . 2002 . “ Annual sale of pesticides in Taiwan ” . In Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute. Plant protection manual (in Chinese) , Taichung, , Taiwan, ROC : COA .
   Google Scholar
• Eldefrawi , AT , Bakry , NB , Eldfrawi , ME , Tsai , MC and Albuquerque , EX . 1979 . Nereistoxin interaction with the acetylcholine receptor-ionic channel complex . Molecular Pharmacology , 17 : 172 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) . 1998 . “ Acute eye irritation ” . In OPPTS harmonized test guidelines , Series 870.2400 1 – 6 . Washington : National Academic Press . EPA 712–C–98–195
   Google Scholar
• Food & Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) . 1979 . FAO plant production and protection paper 15. , Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Kiyota , K , Honma , M , Shigeta , M , Sakamoto , T and Aruga , T . 1994 . Cartap intoxication – pharmacokinetic analysis . Poison Research , 7 : 263 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , SJ , Tomizawa , M and Casida , JE . 2003 . Nereistoxin and cartap neurotoxicity attributable to direct block of the insect nicotinic receptor/channel . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 51 : 2646 – 52 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liao , JW , Kang , JJ , Jeng , CR , Chang , SK , Kuo , MJ , Wang , SC , Liu , MRS and Pang , VF . 2006 . Cartap-induced cytotoxicity in mouse C2C12 myoblast cell line and the roles of calcium ion and oxidative stress on the toxic effects . Toxicology , 219 : 73 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao , JW , Kang , JJ , Liu , SH , Jeng , CR , Cheng , YW , Hu , CM , Tsai , SF , Wang , SC and Pang , VF . 2000 . Effects of cartap on isolated mouse phrenic-nerve diaphragm and its related mechanism . Toxicological Sciences , 55 : 453 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao , JW , Pang , VF , Jeng , CR , Chang , SK , Hwang , JS and Wang , SC . 2003 . Susceptibility to cartap-induced lethal effect and diaphragmatic injury via ocular exposure in rabbits . Toxicology , 192 : 139 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao , JW , Tsai , SF , Lu , SY , Liu , SH , Kang , JJ , Cheng , YW , Pang , VF and Wang , SC . 1998 . The lethal effect of cartap via eye toxicity study in rabbits. Proceeding of the 1st ASIATOX Conference, Yokohama, Japan . Japanese Society of Toxicology , 23 : 398 Abstract
   Google Scholar
• Lin , CJ , Tsai , JL , Sei , YR and Tsai , MS . 2001 . “ Unusual poisoning cases in Taiwan ” . In The workshop of chemical and pesticide poisonings , 7 Taiwan : Foundation for Poison Control .
   Google Scholar
• Lomala , Z . 1952 . Paramecium bioassay test in studies on cartap . Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 28 : 660 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Nagata , K , Iwanaga , Y , Shono , T and Narahash , T . 1997 . Modulation of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel by imidacloprid and cartap . Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology , 59 : 119 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namera , A , Watanabe , T , Yashiki , M and Kojima , T . 1999 . Simple and sensitive analysis of nereistoxin and its metabolites in human serum using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . Journal of Chromatographic Science , 37 : 77 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishi , K , Konishi , k and Tan N , Padan . 1971 . Analytical methods for pesticides and plant growth regulators , Edited by: Zweig , G . Vol. II , 371 – 84 . Pennsylvania : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD) . 2002 . “ Acute Oral Toxicity ” . In OECD guideline for testing of chemicals , 1 – 7 . Paris, , France : OECD . Section 4: health effects: No. 401. Adopted 24 February, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Puga , FR and Rodrigues , MALR . 1996 . Evaluation of the role of formulation on parathion toxicity . Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , 35 : 38 – 40 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ray , DE . 1991 . “ Insecticides derived from plants and other organisms ” . In Handbook of insecticide toxicology. Classes of insecticides , Edited by: Hayes , WJ and Laws , ER . Vol. 2 , 611 – 12 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tomlin , C . 2000 . “ Cartap ” . In The insecticide manual. British Crop Protection Council , 12th , Edited by: Tomlin , C . 144 – 45 . Surrey, UK : Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yu , JYL , Cheng , CK , Chen , BJ , Cheng , MJ , Cheng , HH Chang , WJ . 2005 . The Chinese Society for the Laboratory Animal Science. Guideline for the care and use of laboratory animals (in Chinese) , 3rd , Taipei, , Taiwan, ROC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar