References
- Akerboom , TPM and Sies , H . 1981 . Assay of glutathione, glutathione disulfide and glutathione mixed disulfides in biological samples . Methods in Enzymology , 77 : 373
- Alarcón de la Lastra , C , Motilva , V , Martín , MJ , Nieto , A , Barranco , MD , Cabeza , J and Herrerías , JM . 1999 . Protective effect of melatonin on indomethacin-induced gastric injury in rats . Journal of Pineal Research , 26 : 101
- Arslan , SO , Gelir , E , Armutcu , F , Coskun , O , Gurel , A , Sayan , H and Celik , IL . 2006 . The protective effect of thymoquinone on ethanol-induced acute gastric damage in the rat . Nutrition Research , 25 : 673
- Bandyopadhyay , U , Das , D , Bandyopadhyay , D , Bhattacharjee , M and Banerjee , RK . 1999 . Role of reactive oxygen species in mercaptomethylimidazole-induced gastric acid secretion and stress-induced gastric ulceration . Current Science , 76 : 55
- Bastaki , SM , Chandranath , I and Garner , A . 2000 . Comparison of five antisecretory agents acting via H+/K+-ATPase . Journal of Physiology, Paris , 94 : 19
- Beckers , EJ , Rehrer , NJ , Brouns , F , Ten Hoor , F and Saris , WH . 1988 . Determination of total gastric volume, gastric secretion and residual meal using the double sampling technique of George . Gut , 29 : 1725
- Burits , M and Bucar , F . 2000 . Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil . Phytotherapy Research , 14 : 323
- Buyukokuroglu , ME , Taysi , S , Polat , F and Gocer , F . 2002 . Mechanism of the beneficial effects of dantrolene sodium on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats . Pharmacological Research , 45 : 421
- Card , WI and Marks , IN . 1960 . The relationship between the acid output of the stomach following “maximal” histamine stimulation and the parietal cell mass . Clinical Science , 19 : 147
- Cargile , JL , Burrow , JA , Kim , I , Cohen , ND and Merritt , AM . 2004 . Effect of dietary corn oil supplementation on equine gastric fluid acid, sodium, and prostaglandin E2 content before and during pentagastrin infusion . Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine , 18 : 545 – 9 .
- Chandranath , SI , Bastaki , SM and Singh , J . 2002 . A comparative study on the activity of lansoprazole, omeprazole and PD-136450 on acidified ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in the rat . Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology , 29 : 173
- Chakravarty , N . 1993 . Inhibition of histamme release from mast cells by Nigella . Annals of Allergy , 70 : 237
- Clemens , DL . 2007 . Effects of ethanol on hepatic cellular replication and cell cycle progression . World Journal of Gastroenterology , 13 : 4955
- Dokmeci , D , Akpolat , M , Aydogdu , N , Doganay , L and Turan , NF . 2005 . L-carnitine inhibits ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats . Pharmacological Reports , 57 : 481
- El-Abhar , HS , Abdallah , DM and Saleh , S . 2003 . Gastroprotective, activity of Nigella sativa oil and its constituent, thymoquinone, against gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats . Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 84 : 251
- El-Dakhakliny , M , Barakat , M , Abd El-Halim , M and Aly , SM . 2000 . Effect of Nigella sativa oil on gastric secretion and ethanol induced ulcer . The Journal of Egyptian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 19 : 781
- El-Kadi , A , Kamlil , O and Tabnni , A . 1987 . Nigella and cell mediated immunity . Archives of AIDS Research , l : 232
- El-Sokkary , GH . 2001 . Quantitative study on the effects of chronic ethanol administration of adult male rats . The Journal of Egyptian Society of Pharmacy , 22 : 93
- Esplugues , JV and Whittle , BJ . 1989 . Gastric damage following local intra-arterial administration of reactive oxygen metabolites in the rat . British Journal of Pharmacology , 97 : 1085
- Flohé , L and Ötting , F . 1984 . Superoxide dismutase assays . Methods in Enzymology , 105 : 93
- Fridovich , I . 1978 . The biology of oxygen radicals . Science , 201 : 875
- Ghosheh , OA , Houdi , AA and Crooks , PA . 1999 . High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the pharmacologically active quinines and related compounds in the oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa L.) . Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis , 19 : 757
- Goel , RK and Bhattacharya , SK . 1991 . Gastroduodenal mucosal defence and mucosal protective agents . Indian Journal of Experimental Biology , 29 : 701
- Grisham , MB and Granger , DN . 1988 . Neutrophil-mediated mucosal injury: Role of reactive oxygen metabolites . Digestive Diseases and Sciences , 33 : 65 – 155 .
- Habig , WH , Pabst , MJ and Jakoby , WB . 1974 . Glutathione-S-transferase: The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry , 249 : 7130 – 9 .
- Hassan , M and El-Dakhakhny , M . 1992 . Effect of some Nigella sativa constituents on chemical carcinogens in hamster cheek pouch . The Journal of Egyptian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Theraputics , 2 : 657
- Hernández-Muñoz , R , Montiel-Ruiz , C and Vázquez-Martínez , O . 2000 . Gastric mucosal cell proliferation in ethanol-induced chronic mucosal injury is related to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats . Laboratory Investigation , 80 : 1161
- Houghton , PJ , Zarka , R , de las Heras , B and Hoult , JRS . 1995 . Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation . Planta Medica , 61 : 33
- Howden , CW , Forrest , JAH and Reid , JL . 1984 . Effects of single and repeated doses of omeprazole on gastric acid and pepsin secretion in man . Gut , 25 : 707
- Ingold , KU , Webb , AC , Witter , D , Burton , GW , Metcalfe , TA and Muller , DPR . 1987 . Vitamin E remains the major lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in human plasma even in individuals suffering severe vitamin E deficiency . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , 259 : 224 – 5 .
- Ishihara , K , Ichikawa , T , Komuro , Y , Ohara , S and Hotta , K . 1994 . Effect on gastric mucus of the proton pump inhibitor leminoprazole and its cytoprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats . Arzneimittel-Forschung , 44 : 827
- Kahraman , A , Erkasap , N , Köken , T , Serteser , M , Aktepe , F and Erkasap , S . 2003 . The antioxidative and antihistaminic properties of quercetin in ethanol induced gastric lesions . Toxicology , 283 : 133
- Kobak , AC and Serhat , BOR . 2007 . The acute effect of oral ethanol intake on gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy volunteers . The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterol , 18 : 221
- Lauritsen , K , Rune , SJ , Wulff , HR , Olsen , JH , Laursen , LS , Havelund , T , Astrup , L , Bendtsen , F , Linde , J and Bytzer , P . 1998 . Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on prepyloric gastric ulcer: Double blind comparative trial . Gut , 29 : 249
- Levine , RL , Garland , D , Oliver , CN , Amici , A , Climent , I , Lenz , AG , Ahn , B , Shaltiel , S and Stadtman , ER . 1990 . Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins . Methods in Enzymology , 186 : 464
- Loguercio , C , Taranto , D , Beneduce , F , Balanco , CV , Vincentis , A , Nardi , G and Romano , M . 1993 . Glutathione prevents ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage and depletion of sulfhydryl compounds in humans . Gut , 34 : 161
- Lorenz , W , Barth , H , Kuschc , J , Riemann , H , Schnial , A , Jatyka , E , Mathis , CH , Mutzcl , M and Werle , E . 1971 . Histamine in pig: Determination, distribution, release and pharmacological actions . European Journal of Pharmacology , 14 : 155
- Mansour , MA . 2000 . Protective effects of thymoquinone and desferrioxamine against hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in mice . Life Sciences , 66 : 2583 – 91 .
- Meister , A and Anderson , ME . 1983 . Glutathione . Annual Review of Biochemistry , 52 : 711 – 60 .
- Moghadasian , MH and Godin , DV . 1996 . Ethanol-induced gastrointestinal damage influence of endogenous antioxidant components and gender . Digestive Diseases and Sciences , 41 : 791
- Moreno , JJ . 2003 . Effect of olive oil minor components on oxidative stress and arachidonic acid mobilization and metabolism by macrophases raw . Free Radical Biology and Medicine , 35 : 1073 – 81 .
- Natale , G , Lazzeri , G , Lubrano , V , Colucci , R , Vassalle , C , Fornai , M , Blandizzi , C and Del Tacca , M . 2004 . Mechanisms of gastroprotection by lansoprazole pretreatment against experimentally induced injury in rats: Role of mucosal oxidative damage and sulfhydril compounds . Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , 195 : 62
- Niki , E , Tsuchiya , J , Tanimura , R and Kamiya , Y . 1982 . Regeneration of vitamin E from alpha-chromanoxyl radical glutathione and vitamin C . Chemistry Letters , 6 : 789 – 92 .
- Nishina , K , Mikawa , K , Maekawa , N , Tamada , M and Obara , H . 1994 . Omeprazole reduces preoperative gastric fluid acidity and volume in children . Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia , 41 : 925
- Odabasoglu , F , Halici , Z , Cakir , A , Halici , M , Aygun , H , Suleyman , H , Cadirci , E and Atalay , F . 2008 . Beneficial effects of vegetable oils (corn, olive and sunflower oils) and α-tocopherolon anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal profiles of indomethacin in rats . European Journal of Pharmacology , 591 : 300 – 6 .
- Olguin-Martinez , M , Mendieta-Condado , E , Contreras-Zentella , M , Escamilla , JE , Aranda-Fraustro , A , El-Hafidi , M and Hernandez-Munoz , R . 2006 . Rate of oxidant stress regulates balance between rat gastric mucosa proliferation and apoptosis . Free Radical Biology and Medicine , 41 : 1325
- Robert , A , Nezamis , JE and Phillips , JP . 1967 . Inhibition of gastric secretion by prostaglandins . The American Journal of Digestive Diseases , 12 : 1073
- Rotruck , JT , Pope , AL , Ganther , HE , Swanson , AB , Hafeman , DG and Hoekstra , WG . 1973 . Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase . Science , 179 : 588
- Sachs , G , Shin , JM , Briving , C , Wallmark , B and Hersey , S . 1995 . The pharmacology of the gastric acid pump: the H+, K+ ATPase . Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 35 : 277
- Salonen , I , Pakarinen , P and Huhraniemi , I . 1992 . Effect of chronic ethanol in expression of gonadotropin genes in male rat . The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 260 : 463
- Shacter , E , Lopez , RL and Pati , S . 1991 . Inhibition of myeloperoxidase–H2O2–Cl-system of neutrophils by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs . Biochemical Pharmacology , 41 : 975 – 84 .
- Sibilia , V , Rindi , G , Pagani , F , Rapetti , D , Locatelli , V , Torsello , A , Campanini , N , Deghenghi , R and Netti , C . 2003 . Ghrelin protects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats: Studies on the mechanisms of action . Endocrinology , 144 : 353
- SPSS, Inc. 2002 . SPSS for windows release 11.5.0 , Chicago : SPSS Inc .
- Stadtman , ER and Berlett , BS . 1997 . “ Free-radical-mediated modification of proteins ” . In Free radical toxicology , Edited by: Wallace , KB . 710 – 87 . UK : Taylor & Francis .
- Stedman , CA and Barclay , ML . 2000 . Review article: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics, acid suppression and efficacy of proton pump inhibitors . Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 14 : 963
- Tariq , M and Moutaery , AL . 2005 . Menadione protects gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced ulcers . Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology , 56 : 393
- Thannickal , VJ and Fanburg , BL . 2000 . Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling . American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology , 279 : L1005
- Thomas , K . 2003 . Alcoholism causes, incidence and risk factors . Alcoholism , 20 : 1
- Tovey , FI , Hobsley , M , Segal , I and Jayaraj , AP . 2005 . Duodenal ulcer in South Africa: Home-pounded versus milled maize . Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , 20 : 1008 – 11 .
- Uchiyama , M and Mihara , M . 1978 . Determination of malondialdehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test . Analytical Biochemistry , 86 : 271
- Vankolfshotcn , AA , Hagelen , EC , Jager , LP , Zandberg , P and Van Noordwjik , J . 1983 . Protective effects of prostaglandins against ulcerogenic activity of alcohol during different stages of erosion development in rat stomach . Digestive Diseases , 28 : 1027
- Venables , CW . 1986 . Mucus, pepsin and peptic ulcer . Gut , 27 : 233
- Walsh , JH and Peterson , WL . 1995 . The treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in the management of peptic ulcer disease . The New England Journal of Medicine , 333 : 984 – 91 .