Risk assessment of children's blood lead level in some rural habitations of western Uttar Pradesh, India

References

• Awasthi , SK . 2000 . Prevention of Food Adulteration Act no 37 of 1954. Central and state rules as amended for 1999, , 3rd , New Delhi : Ashoka Law House .
   Google Scholar
• Bernard , SM and McGeehin , MA . 2003 . Prevalence of blood lead levels ≥5 µg/dL among US children 1 to 5 years of age and socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with blood lead level 5 to 10 µg/dL, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 . Pediatrics , 112 : 1308 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun , J , Kahn , RS , Froehlich , T , Auinger , P and Lanphear , BP . 2006 . Exposure to environmental toxicants and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in US children . Environmental Health Perspectives , 114 : 1904 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canfield , RL , Henderson , CR , Cory-Schlechta , DA , Cox , C , Jusko , TA and Lanphear , BP . 2003 . Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 µg per deciliter . The New England Journal of Medicine , 348 : 1517 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005 . Blood lead levels in the United States . Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report , 54 : 513 – 16 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chisolm , JJ and Harrison , HE . 1956 . The exposure of children to lead . Pediatrics , 18 : 943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chistian , JR , Celewycz , BS and Andelman , SH . 1964 . A three year study of lead poisoning in Chicago . American Journal of Public Health , 54 : 1241 – 5 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , CS , Rampal , KG , Thuppil , V , Chen , CK , Clark , R and Roda , S . 2006 . The lead content of currently available new residential paint in several Asian countries . Environmental Research , 102 : 9 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton , AD , Clesceri , LS , Rice , EW and Greenberg , AE . 2005 . Standards methods for the examination of water and wastewater, , 21st , Washington, DC : American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment federation .
   Google Scholar
• Ettinger , AS , Tellez-Rojo , MM , Amarasiriwardena , C , Peterson , KE , Schwartz , J and Aro , A . 2006 . Influence of maternal bone lead burden and calcium intake on levels of lead in breast milk over the course of lactation . American Journal of Epidemiology , 163 : 48 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk , H . 2003 . International environmental health for the pediatrician: Case study of lead poisoning . Pediatrics , 112 : 259 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George Foundation. 1999. Project lead free, a study of lead poisoning in major Indian cities. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Lead Poisoning, 79–86, Bangalore, India
   Google Scholar
• Greengard , J , Adams , B and Berman , E . 1965 . Acute lead encephalopathy in young children . Pediatrics , 66 : 707 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulson , BL , Mizon , KJ , Korsch , MJ , Palmer , JM and Donnelly , JB . 2003 . Mobilization of lead from human bone tissue during pregnancy and lactation: A summary of long term research . Science of the Total Environment , 303 : 79 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC. 2004 . Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity to humans: As evaluated in IARC monograph volumes 1–82 (a total of 900 agents, mixtures and exposures) , Lyon, France : International Agency for Research on cancer .
   Google Scholar
• Jonathan , J , Carmovche , J , Edward , P , Xinping , Z , Prarop , T and Deborah , A . 2005 . Lead exposure inhibits fracture healing and is associated with increased chondrogenesis, delay in cartilage mineralization and a decrease in osteoprogenitor frequency . Environmental Health Perspectives , 113 : 749 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jusko , TA , Henderson , CR , Lanphear , BP , Cory-Slechta , DA , Parsons , PJ and Canfield , RL . 2008 . Blood lead concentrations ≤10 microg/dL and child intelligence at 6 years of age . Environmental Health Perspectives , 116 : 243 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanphear , BP , Dietrich , K , Auinger , P and Cox , C . 2000 . Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10 µg/dl in US children and adolescents . Public Health Report , 115 : 521 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanphear , BP , Hornung , R , Khoury , J , Yalton , K , Baghurst , P and Bellinger , DC . 2005 . Low level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: An international pooled analysis . Environmental Health Perspectives , 113 : 894 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , GZ , Peng , RF , Chen , Q , Wu , ZG and Du , L . 2009 . Lead in housing paints: An exposure source still not taken seriously for children lead poisoning in China . Environmental Research , 109 : 1 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahaffey , KR , Annest , JL , Roberts , J and Murphy , MS . 1982 . National estimation of blood lead levels: United States (1976–1980) . New England Journal of Medicine , 307 : 573 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud , A , Kiss , P , Vanhoorne , M , Bacquer , DE and Comhaire , F . 2005 . Is inhibin B involved in the toxic effect of lead on male reproduction? . International Journal of Andrology , 28 : 150 – 5 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathee , A , . von Schirnding , YER , Levin , J , Ismail , A , Huntley , R and Cantrell , A . 2002 . A survey of blood lead levels among young Johannesburg school children . Environmental Research , 90 : 181 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , PA , McGeehin , MA and Falk , H . 2003 . A global approach to childhood lead poisoning prevention . International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health , 206 : 363 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra , AK , Haque , A , Islam , M and Bashar , SAMK . 2009 . Lead poisoning: An alarming public health problem in Bangladesh . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 6 : 84 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery , M and Mathee , A . 2005 . A preliminary study of residential paint lead concentrations in Johannesburg . Environmental Research , 98 : 279 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss , M , Lanphear , B and Auigner , P . 1999 . Association of dental caries and blood lead levels . Journal of American Medical Association , 281 : 2294 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naha , N and Chowdhury , AR . 2005 . Toxic effect of lead on human spermatozoa: A study among pigment factory workers . Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 9 : 118 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Rabinowitz , MB . 1991 . Toxicokinetics of bone lead . Environmental Health Perspectives , 91 : 33 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirnding , YV , Mathee , A , Robertson , P , Strauss , N and Kibel , M . 2001 . A study of the distribution of blood lead levels in school children in selected Cape Peninsula suburbs sub-sequent to reductions in petrol lead . South African Medical Journal , 91 : 870 – 3 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silbergeld , EK . 1991 . Lead in bone: Implications for toxicology during pregnancy and lactation . Environmental Health Perspectives , 91 : 63 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slikker , WJ . 1994 . Principles of developmental neurotoxicology . Neurotoxicology , 15 : 11 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swarup , D , Patra , RC , Naresh , R , Kumar , P and Shekhar , P . 2005 . Blood lead levels in lactating cows reared around polluted localities; transfer of lead into milk . Science of the Total Environment , 349 : 67 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Environment Production Agency. 2006. Summary of lead action level exceedances for medium (3300–50,000) and large (≥50,000) public water systems. http://www.epa.gov/leadcopperrule/lead_data.html (accessed February 4, 2006)
   Google Scholar