78
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Environmental Chemistry/Technology

Carbon paste electrode modified with chromium thiopental for the potentiometric flow injection analysis of chromium (III)

, &
Pages 220-238 | Received 26 Mar 2011, Accepted 29 Nov 2011, Published online: 16 Jan 2012

References

  • Abbaspour , A , Esmailbeig , AR , Jarrahpour , AA , Khajeh , B and Kia , R . 2002 . Aluminium (III)-selective electrode based on a newly synthesized tetradentate Schiff base . Talanta , 58 : 397 – 403 .
  • Abbaspour , A and Izadyar , A . 2001 . Chromium(III) ion-selective electrode based on 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene . Talanta , 53 : 1009 – 13 .
  • Abu-Saba , KE , Sedlak , DL and Flegal , AR . 2002 . Indirect reduction of hexavalent chromium by copper in the presence of superoxide . Marine Chemistry , 69 : 33 – 41 .
  • Ammann , D , Meier , PC , Pretsch , E and Simon , W . 1977 . Ion-selective electrodes in clinical chemistry . Ion Selective Electrode Reviews , 5 : 1 – 12 .
  • Bakker , E . 1997a . Determination of unbiased selectivity coefficients of neutral carrier-based cation-selective electrodes . Analytical Chemistry , 69 : 1061 – 9 .
  • Bakker , E . 1997b . Selectivity of liquid-membrane ion-selective electrodes . Electroanalysis , 9 : 7 – 12 .
  • Balasubramanian , S and Pugalenthi , V . 1999 . Determination of total chromium in tannery waste water by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry and UV-visible spectrophotometric methods . Talanta , 50 : 457 – 67 .
  • Bermejo-Barrera , P , Barciela-Alonso , MC , Pererez-Fernandez , B and Bermejo-Barrera , A . 2003 . Direct speciation analysis of Cr(VI) by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, based on the volatilization of Cr(III)–thenoyltrifluoracetonate from the graphite furnace . Spectrochimica Acta , 58 : 167 – 73 .
  • El-Ragheh , NA , Kosasy , AM , Abbas , SS and El-Khateeb , SZ . 2000 . Polymeric membrane electrodes for selective determination of the central nervous system acting drugs fluphenazine hydrochloride and nortriptyline hydrochloride . Analytica Chimica Acta , 418 : 93 – 100 .
  • Eugster , R , Gehrig , PM , Morf , WE , Spichiger , UE and Simon , W . 1991 . Selectivity-modifying influence of anionic sites in neutral-carrier-based membrane electrodes . Analytical Chemistry , 63 : 2285 – 9 .
  • Gadzekpo , VPY and Christian , GD . 1984 . Determination of selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes by a matched-potential method . Analytica Chimica Acta , 164 : 279 – 82 .
  • Ganjali , MR , Daftari , A , Rezapour , M , Poursaberi , T and Haghgoo , S . 2003 . Gliclazide as novel carrier in construction of PVC-based La(III)-selective membrane sensor . Talanta , 59 : 613 – 19 .
  • Ganjali , MR , Fathi , H , Rahmani , H and Pirelahi , H . 2000 . Nickel (II) ion-selective electrode based on 2-methyl-4-(4-methoxy phenyl)-2,6-diphenyl-2H-thiopyran . Electroanalysis , 12 : 1138 – 42 .
  • Ganjali , MR , Ghorbani , M , Daftari , A , Norouzi , P , Pirelahi , H and Dargahani , HD . 2004 . Highly selective liquid membrane sensor based on 1,3,5-Triphenylpyrylium perchlorate for quick monitoring of sulfate ions . Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society , 25 : 172 – 6 .
  • Ganjali , MR , Norouzi , P , Faridbod , F , Ghorbani , M and Adib , M . 2006 . Highly selective and sensitive chromium (III) membrane sensors based on a new tridentate Schiff's base . Analytica Chimica Acta , 569 : 35 – 41 .
  • Ganjali , MR , Zamani , HA , Norouzi , P , Adib , M , Rezapour , M and Aceedy , M . 2005 . Zn(II) PVC-based membrane sensor based on 3-(2-Furylmethylene)amino-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one . Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society , 26 : 579 – 84 .
  • Ghaedi , M , Asadpour , E and Vafaie , A . 2006 . Sensitized spectrophotometric determination of Cr(III) ion for speciation of chromium ion in surfactant media using α-benzoin oxime . Spectrochimica Acta , 63 : 182 – 8 .
  • Gholivand , MB and Nozari , N . 2001 . Copper (II)-selective electrode using 2,2′-dithiodianiline as neutral carrier . Talanta , 54 : 597 – 602 .
  • Gholivand , MB and Sharifpour , F . 2003 . Chromium (III) ion selective electrode based on glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) . Talanta , 60 : 707 – 13 .
  • Guilbault , GG , Durst , RA , Frant , MS , Freiser , H , Hansen , EH , Light , TS Pungor , E . 1976 . Recommendations for nomenclature of ion-selective electrodes . Pure and Applied Chemistry , 48 : 127 – 32 .
  • Gupta , VK , Jain , AK , Kumar , P , Agarwal , S and Maheshwari , G . 2006 . Chromium(III)-selective sensor based on tri-o-thymotide in PVC matrix . Sensors Actuators B , 113 : 182 – 6 .
  • Hajagha-Babaei , L , Ghasemi , Z , Darviche , F , Shamsipur , M , Raoufi , F and Ganjali , MR . 2001 . Solid-phase extraction of ultra-trace amounts of silver ions using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified with a new fulvalene derivative . Analytical Science , 17 : 1305 – 8 .
  • Kalcher , K , Kauffmann , JM , Wang , J , Svancara , I , Vytras , K , Neuhold , C and Yang , Z . 1995 . Sensors based on carbon paste in electroanalysis: A review with particular emphasis on the period 1990–1993 . Electroanalysis , 7 : 5 – 22 .
  • Kamata , S , Baliale , A , Fukonaga , Y and Murata , A . 1988 . Copper (II)-selective electrode using thiuram disulfide neutral carriers . Analytical Chemistry , 60 : 2464 – 7 .
  • Karamia , H , Mousavi , MF and Shamsipur , M . 2003 . New flow injection potentiometric graphite coated ion-selective electrode for the determination of VO(II) ions . Analytica Chimica Acta , 481 : 213 – 19 .
  • Lindner , E and Umezawa , Y . 2008 . Performance evaluation criteria for preparation and measurement of macro- and microfabricated ion-selective electrodes . Pure and Applied Chemistry , 80 : 85 – 104 .
  • Loux , NT , Garrison , AW and Chafin , CR . 1990 . Acquisition and analysis of ground water/aquifer samples: Current technology and the trade off between quality assurance and practical considerations . International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry , 38 : 231 – 53 .
  • Ma , Y , Yuan , R , Chai , Y and Liu , X . 2009 . Potentiometric membrane electrode for Cr(III) ion based on a new aryl amide bifunctional bridging ligand as a neutral carrier . Journal of Chinese Chemical Society , 56 : 676 – 82 .
  • Masuda , Y , Zhang , Y , Yan , C and Li , B . 1998 . Studies on the extraction and separation of lanthanide ions with a synergistic extraction system combined with 1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane and lauric acid . Talanta , 46 : 203 – 13 .
  • Meinrath , G . 2002 . Extended traceability of pH: An evaluation of the role of Pitzer's equations . Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry , 374 : 796 – 805 .
  • Miller , JC and Miller , JN . 1998 . Statistics in analytical chemistry , England, Ellis Horwood : Chichester .
  • Mondal , BC , Das , D and Das , AK . 2002 . Synthesis and characterization of a new resin functionalized with 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid and its application for the speciation of chromium in natural water . Talanta , 56 : 145 – 52 .
  • Mulaudzi , LV , Staden , JF and Stefan , RI . 2002 . Determination of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) by use of a spectrophotometric sequential injection system . Analytica Chimica Acta , 467 : 51 – 60 .
  • Oesch , V , Ammann , D and Simon , W . 1986 . Ion-selective membrane electrodes for clinical use . Clinical Chemistry , 32 : 1448 – 59 .
  • Pantsar-Kallio , M , Reinikainen , SP and Oksanen , M . 2001 . Interactions of soil components and their effects on speciation of chromium in soils . Analytica Chimica Acta , 439 : 9 – 17 .
  • Parker , SP . 1984 . McGraw-Hill concise encyclopaedia of science and technology , New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Raul , A , Jesus Sanchez-Moreno , M , Teresa , M and Procopio , R . 2009 . Chromium(III) determination without sample treatment by batch and flow injection potentiometry . Analytica Chimica Acta , 634 : 68 – 74 .
  • Rey-Castro , C , Castro-Varela , R , Herrero , R and de-Vicente , MES . 2003 . Acid–base equilibria of phthalic acid in saline media: Ion association form Pitzer equations . Talanta , 60 : 93 – 101 .
  • Russo , H and Bressolle , F . 1998 . Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of thiopental . Clinical Pharmacokinetics , 35 : 95 – 134 .
  • Sahayam , AC . 2002 . Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in potable waters by using activated neutral alumina as collector and ET–AAS for determination . Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry , 372 : 840 – 2 .
  • Schaller , U , Bakker , E , Spichiger , UE and Pretsch , E . 1994 . Ionic additives for ion-selective electrodes based on electrically charged carriers . Analytical Chemistry , 66 : 391 – 8 .
  • Shamsipur , M , Ganjali , MR , Naji , L , Poursaberi , T and Haghgoo , S . 2003 . Ytterbium (III)-selective membrane electrode based on cefixime . Analytica Chimica Acta , 475 : 59 – 66 .
  • Shamsipur , M , Yousefi , M and Ganjali , MR . 2000 . PVC-based 1,3,5-trithiane sensor for cerium (III) ions . Analytical Chemistry , 72 : 2391 – 4 .
  • Sheen , SR and Shih , JS . 1992 . Lead (II) ion-selective electrodes based on crown ethers . Analyst , 117 : 1691 – 95 .
  • Shpigun , LK , Basanova , OV and Zolotov , YA . 1992 . Performance of solid-membrane cation-selective electrodes for flow-injection potentiometry . Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical , 10 : 15 – 20 .
  • Singh , AK , Gupta , VK and Gupta , B . 2007 . Chromium(III) selective membrane sensors based on Schiff bases as chelating ionophores . Analytica Chimica Acta , 585 : 171 – 8 .
  • Singh , AK , Panwar , A , Kumar , S and Baniwal , S . 1999 . Chromium (III)-selective electrode based on a macrocyclic compound . Analyst , 124 : 521 – 5 .
  • Stover , JF . 1999 . Thiopental attenuates energetic impairment but fails to normalize cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in brain-injured patients . Critical Care Medicine , 27 : 1351 – 7 .
  • Svancara , I , Hvizdalova , M , Vytras , K , Kalcher , K and Novotny , R . 1996 . A microscopic study on carbon-paste electrodes . Electroanalysis , 8 : 61 – 5 .
  • Svancara , I , Vytras , K , Barek , J and Zima , J . 2001 . Carbon paste electrodes in modern electroanalysis . Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry , 31 : 311 – 45 .
  • Tahami , M , Ganjali , MR , Shamsipur , M , Haghgoo , S and Hosseini , M . 2003 . Novel gadolinium PVC-based membrane sensor based on omeprazole as an antibiotic . Electroanalysis , 15 : 1038 – 42 .
  • Tang , AN , Jiang , DO , Jiang , Y , Wang , SW and Yan , XP . 2004 . Cloud point extraction for high-performance liquid chromatographic speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions . Journal of Chromatography A , 1036 : 183 – 8 .
  • Trojanowicz , M and Matuszewski , W . 1982 . Limitation of linear response in flow-injection systems with ion-selective electrodes . Analytica Chimica Acta , 138 : 71 – 9 .
  • Trojanowicz , M and Matuszewski , W . 1983 . Potentiometric flow-injection determination of chloride . Analytica Chimica Acta , 151 : 77 – 84 .
  • Tunceli , A and Turker , AR . 2002 . Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water after preconcentration of its 1,5-diphenylcarbazone complex on amberlite XAD-16 resin and determination by FAAS . Talanta , 57 : 1199 – 204 .
  • Umezawa , Y , Buhlmann , P , Umezawa , K , Tohda , K and Amemiya , S . 2000 . Potentiometric selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes . Pure and Applied Chemistry , 72 : 1851 – 2082 .
  • Umezawa , Y , Umezawa , K and Sato , H . 1995 . Selectivity coefficients for ion-selective electrodes: Recommended methods for reporting selectivity coefficient values . Pure and Applied Chemistry , 67 : 507 – 18 .
  • Vanhaecke , F , Saverwyns , S , Wannemacker , G , Moens , L and Dams , R . 2000 . Comparison of the application of higher mass resolution and cool plasma conditions to avoid spectral interferences in Cr(III)/Cr(VI) speciation by means of high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . Analytica Chimica Acta , 419 : 55 – 64 .
  • Yang , X , Hibbert , DB and Alexander , PW . 1998 . Flow injection potentiometry by poly(vinyl chloride)-membrane electrodes with substituted azacrown ionophores for the determination of lead (II) and mercury (II) ions . Analytica Chimica Acta , 372 : 387 – 98 .
  • Zamani , HA , Rajabzadeh , G and Ganjali , MR . 2006 . Highly selective and sensitive chromium(III) membrane sensors based on 4-amino-3-hydrazino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one as a new neutral ionophore . Sensors Actuators B , 119 : 41 – 6 .
  • Zhu , X , Hu , B , Jiang , Z , Wu , Y and Xiong , S . 2002 . Speciation of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) by in situ separation and sequential determination with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry . Analytica Chimica Acta , 471 : 121 – 6 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.