Geochemical distribution, bioavailability and potential toxicity of some trace metals in a complex micro-tidal estuary, Southwest India

References

• Amiard, J.C., A. Geffard, C. Amiard-Triquet, and C. Crouzet. 2007. “Relationship Between the Lability of Sediment-Bound Metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) and Their Bioaccumulation in Benthic Invertebrates.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72: 511–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anu, P.R., P.R. Jayachandran, P.K. Sreekumar, and S. Bijoy Nandan. 2014. “A Review on Heavy Metal Pollution in Cochin Backwaters, Southwest Coast of India.” International Journal of Marine Science 4: 92–98.
   Google Scholar
• Ariza, J.L.G., I. Giraldez, D. Sanchez-Rodas, and E. Morales. 2000. “Metal Sequential Extraction Procedure Optimized for Heavily Polluted and Iron Oxide Rich Sediments.” Analytica Chimica Acta 414: 151–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu, M.T., V. Kesvadas, and P. Vethamony. 2006. “BOD-DO Modelling and Water Quality Analysis of a Waste Water Outfall off Kochi, West Coast of India.” Environment International 32: 165–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeyens, W., F. Monteny, M. Leermakers, and S. Bouillon. 2003. “Evalution of Sequential Extractions on Dry and wet Sediments.” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 376: 890–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran, K.K., C.M. Laluraj, M. Nair, T. Joseph, P. Sheeba, and P. Venugopal. 2005. “Heavy Metal Accumulation in a Flow Restricted, Tropical Estuary.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 65: 361–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran, K.K., G.S. Reddy, C. Revichandran, K. Srinivas, P.R. Vijayan, and J.T. Tony. 2008. “Modelling of Tidal Hydrodynamics for a Tropical Ecosystem with Implications for Pollutant Dispersion (Cochin Estuary, Southwest India).” Ocean Dynamics 58: 259–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtsson, H., and R.L. Stevens. 1998. “Source and Grain-Size Influences Upon the Clay Mineral Distribution in the Skagerrak and Northern Kattegat.” Clay Minerals 33: 3–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billon, G., B. Ouddane, P. Recourt, and A. Boughriet. 2002. “Depth Variability and Some Geochemical Characteristics of Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Sr, S, P, Cd and Zn in Anoxic Sediments from Authie Bay (Northern France).” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 55: 167–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch, G. 2003. “A Scheme for Assessing Human Impacts on Coastal Aquatic Environments Using Sediments.” In Coastal GIS 2003, edited by Woodroffe, C.D. and R.A. Furness. Wollongong, Australia: Centre for Maritime Policy.
   Google Scholar
• Birch, G.F., and M.A. Olmos. 2008. “Sediment-bound Heavy Metals as Indicators of Human Influence and Biological Risk in Coastal Water Bodies.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 1407–1413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouezmarni, R., and R. Wollast. 2005. “Geochemical Composition of Sediments in the Scheldt Estuary with Emphasis on Trace Metals.” Hydrobiologia 540: 155–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, P.M., and F. Wang. 2001. “Assessing Sediment Contamination in Estuaries.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20: 3–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee, M., E.V. Silva Filho, S.K. Sarkar, S.M. Sella, A. Bhattacharya, K.K. Satpathy, M.V.R. Prasad, S. Chakraborty, and B.D. Bhattacharya. 2007. “Distribution and Possible Source of Trace Elements in the Sediment Cores of a Tropical Macrotidal Estuary and Their Ecotoxicological Significance.” Environment International 33: 346–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covelli, S., and G. Fontolan. 1997. “Application of a Normalization Procedure in Determining Regional Geochemical Baselines.” Environmental Geology 30: 34–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRZ (Coastal Regulation Zone) Notification. 2011. No. S.O.19 (E), Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/CRZ-Notification-2011.pdf/
   Google Scholar
• Di Toro, D.M., J.D. Mahony, D.J. Hansen, K.J. Scott, A.R. Carlson, and G.T. Ankley. 1992. “Acid Volatile Sulfide Predicts the Acute Toxicity of Cadmium and Nickel in Sediments.” Environmental Science and Technology 26: 96–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folk, R.L. 1980. Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Austin, TX: Hemphill.
   Google Scholar
• George, R., G.D. Martin, S.M. Nair, and N. Chandramohanakumar. 2013. “Biomonitoring of Trace Metal Pollution Using the Bivalve Molluscs, Villorita Cyprinoides, from the Cochin Backwaters.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185: 10317–10331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopalan, U.K., D.T. Vengayil, V.P. Udaya Varma, and M. Krishnankutty. 1983. “The Shrinking Backwaters of Kerala.” Journal of Marine Biological Association of India 25: 131–141.
   Google Scholar
• Grasshoff, K., M. Ehrhardt, and K. Kremling. 1983. Methods of Seawater Analysis. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie.
   Google Scholar
• Hlavy, J., T. Prohaska, M. Weisz, W.W. Wenzel, and G.I. Stingeder. 2004. “Determination of Trace Elements Bound to Soils and Sediment Fractions.” Pure and Applied Chemistry 76: 415–442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaladharan, P., D. Prema, K.K. Valsala, K.S. Leelabhai, and M. Rajagopalan. 2005. “Trends in Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment, Finfishes and Shellfishes of Inshore Waters of Cochin, Southwest Coast of India.” Journal of Marine Biological Association of India 47: 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Kessarkar, P.M., V.P. Rao, R. Shynu, P. Mehra, and B.E Viegas. 2010. “The Nature and Distribution of Particulate Organic Matter in the Mandovi Estuary, Central West Coast of India.” Estuaries Coasts 33: 30–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kripa, V., T.S. Velayudhan, J. Shoji, P.S. Alloycious, M. Joseph, P. Radhakrishnan, and J. Sharma. 2004. “Clam Fisheries of Vembanad Lake, Kerala with Observations on the Observations on the Socio Economic Conditions of the Clam Fishers.” Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical and Extension Series 179: 14–16.
   Google Scholar
• Kuttanad Water Balance Study. 1989. Vol. 1. Main Report. BKH Consulting Engineers, Kingdom of the Netherlands and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of India.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, W.Y., A.Z. Aris, and M.P. Zakaria. 2012. “Spatial Variability of Metals in Surface Water and Sediment in the Langat River and Geochemical Factors that Influence Their Water-Sediment Interactions.” The Scientific World Journal . Advance online publication. doi:10.1100/2012/652150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, E.R., D.D. MacDonald, C.G. Severn, and C.B. Hong. 2000. “Classifying Probabilities of Acute Toxicity in Marine Sediments with Empirically Derived Sediment Quality Guidelines.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19: 2598–2601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loring, D.H., and R.T.T. Rantala. 1992. “Manual for the Geochemical Analyses of Marine Sediments and Suspended Particulate Matter.” Earth-Science Reviews 32: 235–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, D.M., and R.C. Reynolds. 1997. X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 378.
   Google Scholar
• Morillo, J., J. Usero, and I. Gracia. 2004. “Heavy Metal Distribution in Marine Sediments from the Southwest Coast of Spain.” Chemosphere 55: 431–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuku, E.O., V.K. Mubiana, K.G. Hagos, H.P. Kokwenda, and R. Blust. 2010. “Bioavailability of Sediment-bound Heavy Metals Using BCR Sequential Extraction on the East African Coast.” Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Sciences 9: 325–334.
   Google Scholar
• Pardo, R., E. Barrado, L. Perez, and M. Vega. 1990. “Determination and Speciation of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Pisuerga River.” Water Research 24: 373–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perin, G., M. Bonardi, R. Fabris, B. Simoncini, S. Manente, L. Tosi, and S. Scotto. 1997. “Heavy Metal Pollution in Central Venice Lagoon Bottom Sediments: Evaluation of the Metal Bioavailability by Geochemical Speciation Procedure.” Environmental Technology 18: 593–604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qasim, S.Z. 2003.“Cochin Backwaters and Vembanad.” In Indian Estuaries, edited by Qasim SZ, 305–382. Mumbai: Allied Pub Pvt Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Raiswell, R., F. Buckley, R.A. Berner, and T.F. Anderson. 1987. “Degree of Pyritization of Iron as a Palaeoenvironmental Indicator of Bottom-Water Oxygenation.” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 58: 812–819.
   Google Scholar
• Ranjitha, R., and C.H. Sujatha. 2011. “Quantization of Specific Trace Metals in Bivalve, Villorita Cyprinoides Var Cochinensis in the Cochin Estuary.” Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 40: 424–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapin, F., A. Tessier, P.G.C. Campbell, and R. Carignan. 1986. “Potential Artifacts in the Determination of Metal Partitioning in Sediments by a Sequential Extraction Procedure.” Environmental Science and Technology 20: 836–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, N.P.C., N.V.N. Durga Prasad Rao, and Y.L. Dora. 1992. “Clay Mineralogy of Inner Shelf Sediments off Cochin, West Coast of India.” Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 21: 152–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renjith, K.R., Manju Mary Joseph, Prosenjit Ghosh, K. Habeeb Rahman, C.S. Ratheesh Kumar, and N. Chandramohanakumar. 2013. “Biogeochemical Facsimile of the Organic Matter Quality and Trophic Status of a Micro-Tidal Tropical Estuary.” Environmental Earth Sciences 70: 729–742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revichandran, C., K. Srinivas, K.R. Muraleedharan, M. Rafeeq, A. Shivaprasad, Vijayakumar, and K.V. Jayalakshmy. 2012. “Environmental set-up and Tidal Propagation in a Tropical Estuary with Dual Connection to the Sea (SW Coast of India).” Environmental Earth Sciences 66: 1031–1042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riba, I., T.A. DelValls, J.M. Forja, A. Gómez-Parra. 2002. “Influence of the Aznalcóllar Mining Spill on the Vertical Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sediments from the Guadalquivir Estuary (SW Spain).” Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 39–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saraladevi, K., and P. Venugopal. 1989. “Benthos of Cochin Backwaters Receiving Industrial Effluents.” Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 18: 165–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibu, M.P., C. Jacob, and A.N. Balchand. 1995. “Speciation and Estuarine Modification of Zinc During Transport in a Tropical Fluvial Environment.” Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 47: 23–36.
   Google Scholar
• Shivaprasad, A., J. Vinita, C. Revichandran, P.D. Reny, M.P. Deepak, and K.R. Muraleedharan. 2013. “Seasonal Stratification and Property Distributions in a Tropical Estuary (Cochin Estuary, West Coast, India).” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17: 187–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shylesh Chandran, M.S., S. Sudheesh, E.V. Ramasamy, and Mahesh Mohan. 2012. “Sulphur Fractionation in the Sediments of Cochin Estuary.” Journal of Environment 01: 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, S.L., and G.E. Batley. 2007. “Predicting Metal Toxicity in Sediments: A Critique of Current Approaches.” Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 3: 18–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suja, N., and K.S. Mohamed. 2010. “The Black Clam, Villorita cyprinoides, Fishery in the State of Kerala, India.” Marine Fisheries Review 72: 48–61.
   Google Scholar
• Tessier, A., P.G.C. Campbell, and M. Bisson. 1979. “Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals.” Analytical Chemistry 51: 844–851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson, K.T. 2002. “Economic and Social Issues of Biodiversity Loss in Cochin Backwaters.” Technical Report. Cochin: Cochin University of Science and Technology, pp. 51–82.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, A. 2000. “Trace Metal Contamination in Sediments from U.K. Estuaries: An Empirical Evaluation of the Role of Hydrous Iron and Manganese Oxides.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 50: 355–371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, A., S.M. Le Roux, and G.E. Millward. 2008. “Adsorption of Cadmium to Iron and Manganese Oxides During Estuarine Mixing.” Marine Chemistry 108: 77–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijith, V., D. Sundar, and S.R. Shetye. 2009. “Time-Dependence of Salinity in Monsoonal Estuaries.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences 85: 601–608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Y. Jia, S. Wang, X. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Zhao, and B. Liu. 2010. “Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Shallow Marine Sediments from Jinzhou Bay, China.” Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 22: 23–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, L.S., K.W. Warnken, and P.H. Santschi. 2008. “The Role of Organic Carbon, Iron, and Aluminium Oxyhydroxides as Trace Metal Carriers: Comparison Between the Trinity River and the Trinity River Estuary (Galveston Bay, Texas).” Marine Chemistry 112: 20–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., X. Ye, H. Feng, Y. Jing, T. Ouyang, and X. Yu. 2007. “Heavy Metal Contamination in Western Xiamen Bay Sediments and its Vicinity, China.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 54: 974–982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar