References
- Ali, H., and E. Khan. 2017. “Environmental Chemistry in the Twenty-First Century.” Environmental Chemistry Letters 15 (2): 329–346. doi:10.1007/s10311-016-0601-3.
- Ali, H., E. Khan, and M. A. Sajad. 2013. “Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals – Concepts and Applications.” Chemosphere 91 (7): 869–881. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.075.
- Appenroth, K.-J. 2010. “What are “Heavy Metals” in Plant Sciences?” Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32 (4): 615–619. doi:10.1007/s11738-009-0455-4.
- Atkins, P., and L. Jones. 1997. Chemistry—Molecules, Matter and Change. 3rd ed. New York: W. H. Freeman.
- Barakat, M. A. 2011. “New Trends in Removing Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater.” Arabian Journal of Chemistry 4 (4): 361–377. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019.
- Batley, G. E. 2012. ““Heavy Metal” – a Useful Term.” Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 8 (2): 215. doi:10.1002/ieam.1290.
- Bhat, U. N., and A. B. Khan. 2011. “Heavy Metals: An Ambiguous Category of Inorganic Contaminants, Nutrients and Toxins.” Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 5 (8): 682–690. doi:10.3923/rjes.2011.682.690.
- Bjerrum, N. 1936. Bjerrum's Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd Danish ed. London: Heinemann.
- Chapman, P. M. 2007. “Heavy Metal – Music, not Science.” Environmental Science & Technology 41 (12): 6. doi:10.1021/es072552o.
- Chapman, P. M. 2012a. “Crossing the Scientific Line: Sins of Omission and Commission.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 64: 457–458. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.003.
- Chapman, P. M. 2012b. ““Heavy Metal” – Cacophony, not Symphony.” Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 8 (2): 216. doi:10.1002/ieam.1289.
- Duffus, J. H. 2002. ““Heavy Metals” – a Meaningless Term? (IUPAC Technical Report).” Pure and Applied Chemistry 74 (5): 793–807. doi:10.1351/pac200274050793.
- Duffus, J. H. 2003. “Toxicology of Metals—Science Confused by Poor Use of Terminology.” Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 58 (5): 263–266. doi:10.3200/AEOH.58.5.263-266.
- Fang, H., L. Huang, J. Wang, G. He, and D. Reible. 2016. “Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Transport and Transformation in the Hangzhou Bay, China.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 302: 447–457. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.060.
- Fu, J., Q. Zhou, J. Liu, W. Liu, T. Wang, Q. Zhang, and G. Jiang. 2008. “High Levels of Heavy Metals in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) from a Typical E-Waste Recycling Area in Southeast China and its Potential Risk to Human Health.” Chemosphere 71 (7): 1269–1275. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.065.
- Goldsmith, R. H. 1982. “Metalloids.” Journal of Chemical Education 59 (6): 526–527. doi:10.1021/ed059p526.
- Hawkes, S. J. 1997. “What is a “Heavy Metal”?” Journal of Chemical Education 74 (11): 1374. doi:10.1021/ed074p1374.
- Hawkes, S. J. 2010. “Polonium and Astatine are not Semimetals.” Journal of Chemical Education 87 (8): 782. doi:10.1021/ed100308w.
- Hodson, M. E. 2004. “Heavy Metals—Geochemical Bogey Men?” Environmental Pollution 129 (3): 341–343. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2003.11.003.
- Hubner, R., K. B. Astin, and R. J. H. Herbert. 2010. “‘Heavy Metal’—Time to Move on from Semantics to Pragmatics?” Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12 (8): 1511–1514. doi:10.1039/C0EM00056F.
- Kepp, K. P. 2012. “Bioinorganic Chemistry of Alzheimer's Disease.” Chemical Reviews 112 (10): 5193–5239. doi:10.1021/cr300009x.
- Lane, T. W., M. A. Saito, G. N. George, I. J. Pickering, R. C. Prince, and F. M. M. Morel. 2005. “Biochemistry: A Cadmium Enzyme from a Marine Diatom.” Nature 435 (7038): 42. doi:10.1038/435042a.
- Madrid, L. 2010. ““Heavy Metals”: Reminding a Long-Standing and Sometimes Forgotten Controversy.” Geoderma 155 (1–2): 128–129. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.031.
- McMurry, J. E., and R. C. Fay. 2012. Chemistry. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River: NJ: Pearson Education.
- Nieboer, E., and D. H. S. Richardson. 1980. “The Replacement of the Nondescript Term ‘Heavy Metals’ by a Biologically and Chemically Significant Classification of Metal Ions.” Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical 1 (1): 3–26. doi:10.1016/0143-148X(80)90017-8.
- Nikinmaa, M., and D. Schlenk. 2010. “Uses of Phrases.” Aquatic Toxicology 97 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.02.015.
- Pourret, O., and J.-C. Bollinger. 2018. ““Heavy Metal” – What to Do Now: To Use or not to Use?” Science of the Total Environment 610–611 (Suppl. C): 419–420. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.043.
- RSC (Royal Society of Chemistry). 2017. “Periodic Table.” Accessed 20 October 2017. http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/
- Vernon, R. E. 2013. “Which Elements are Metalloids?” Journal of Chemical Education 90 (12): 1703–1707. doi:10.1021/ed3008457.
- Walker, C. H., R. M. Sibly, S. P. Hopkin, and D. B. Peakall. 2012. Principles of Ecotoxicology. 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.