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Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry Volume 44, 1994 - Issue 1-2
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Original Articles

Dinking water quality: Impact of non‐lead‐based plumbing solders

K. S. Subramanian Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A OL2, Canada
,
V. S. Sastri Metals Technology Laboratories, CANMET, Energy, Mines, Resources, Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0G1, Canada
&
J. W. Connor Environmental Health Centre, Health and Welfare Canada, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A OL2, Canada
Pages 11-20 | Accepted 27 Oct 1993, Published online: 19 Sep 2008

References

  • Subramanian , K. S. and Connor , J. 1984 . Leaching of cadmium, copper, lead, tin and zinc from copper piping with 50/50 tin/lead‐soldered joints . J. Environ. Health , 54 : 29 – 32 .
  • Lassôzky , P. 1984 . Effect of water quality from lead and nonlead solders in piping . Heating/Piping/Airconditioning , 56 : 51 – 58 .
  • Bannos , T. S. 1988 . Lead‐free solder to meet new safe drinking water regulations . Welding J. , 67 : 23 – 26 .
  • Subramanian , K. S. , Connor , J. and Meranger , J. C. 1991 . Leaching of antimony, cadmium, copper, lead, silver, tin and zinc from copper piping with non‐lead‐based solder joints . J. Environ. Sci. Health , 26A : 911 – 929 .
  • Walker , W. and Oliphant , R. W. 1989 . “ Contamination of potable water by corrosion of tin‐lead soldered joints ” . In Watershed 89: the Future of Water Quality in Europe , Edited by: Wheeler , D. , Richardson , M. L. and Bridges , J. Vol. 2 , 221 – 228 . Oxford : Pergamon .
  • Herrera , C. E. , Ferguson , J. F. and Benjamin , M. M. 1982 . Evaluating the potential for contaminating drinking water from the corrosion of tin‐antimony solder . J. Am. Water Wks. Assoc. , 74 : 368 – 375 .
  • Reiber , S. 1991 . Galvanic stimulation of corrosion on lead‐tin solder‐sweated joints . J. Am. Water Wks. Assoc. , 83 : 83 – 91 .
  • Gregory , R. 1990 . Galvanic corrosion of lead tin solder in copper pipework . J. Inst. Water Environ. Management , 4 : 112 – 118 .
  • Subramanian , K. S. 1989 . Determination of tin in lead/tin solder leachates from copper piping by graphite platform furnace atomic absorption speclrometry . Talanta , 36 : 1075 – 1080 .
  • Federal‐Provincial Subcommittee on Drinking Water . 1993 . Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality , Fifth ed. , 1 – 24 . Ottawa, Ontario K1A OS9, , Canada : Canada Communication Group Publishing, Supply and Services Canada . Cat. No. H 48–10/1993E.
  • Paparazzo , E. , Fierro , G. , Ingo , G. M. and Zacchetti , N. 1988 . XPS studies on the surface: thermal modifications of tin oxide . Surf Interf. Anal. , 12 : 438 – 439 .
  • Suter , T. , Moser , E M. and Bohni , H. 1993 . The characterization of the tarnishing of Cu‐15Ni‐8Sn and Cu‐5Al‐5Sn alloys . Corros Sci. , 34 : 1111 – 1122 .
  • Subramanian , K. S. , Sastri , V. S. , Elboujdaini , M. , Connor , J.W. and Davey , A. B. C. Impact of tin‐lead solder on drinking water quality . Water Res. , (submitted).
  • Glicker , J. and Stewart , D. 1988 . Implementing a lead solder ban . J. Am. Water Wks. Assoc. , 80 : 50 – 52 .
  • Nielsen , K. 1983 . Control of metal contaminants in drinking water in Denmark . Aqua. , 4 : 173 – 182 .
  • Uhlig , H. H. and Revie , R. W. 1985 . Corrosion and Corrosion Control , Third ed. , 27 – 30 . New York : John Wiley .
  • Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

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